Introdution to Landsat and Google Earth Engine
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This document provides an introduction to Landsat and Google Earth Engine. It discusses what remote sensing is and gives an overview of Landsat, including its history, sensors, data access and applications. It also introduces Google Earth Engine, describing what it is, how it can be used to analyze large geospatial datasets, and provides some examples of analyses that can be done with it, including monitoring land use change.
Introdution to Landsat and Google Earth Engine
- 1. Introduction to Landsat and Google Earth Engine Veerachai Tanpipat, D.Eng. (วีรชัย ตันพิพัฒน์) iamtanpipat@hotmail.com http://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/?p=6580
- 2. Alaska USGS Office, Anchorage, USA, 1996
- 3. Contents • What is Remote Sensing? • Introduction to Landsat • Landsat data level, accessibility, and applications; • Introduction to Google Earth Engine and examples • Air pollution, aerosol, smoke, haze monitoring and study by EOS (follow ARSET’s materials) • Conclusions
- 4. What is Remote Sensing? • It is a data collection method from a distance by detecting both the Sun’s energy that is reflected from Earth’s surface and Earth emitted energy with unique spectral signature. • There are 2 systems; passive and active. Source: http://grindgis.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/active-and-passive.png
- 5. • There are 2 types of sensor push broom, along track, whisk broom scanners. • The longest Earth Observation Satellite program in the world is Landsat (44 years and progressing). http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/EO1/eo1_2.php
- 9. Remotely Sensed Imagery Resolution 1. Spectral: Electromagnetic spectrum selected; how many specific wavelengths are recorded? 2. Spatial: Pixel size; how big real world details can be seen? 3. Temporal: Revisiting time, how often the measurement can repeat the target? 4. Radiometric: How well it can discriminate small energy difference which results in how clear phenomenon can be detected; how many intensity differences can be seen? Source: https://earthdata.nasa.gov/user-resources/webinars-and-tutorials
- 10. Source: http://arset.gsfc.nasa.gov Why Spectral Resolution Important?
- 12. Why Temporal Resolution Important? Source: http://arset.gsfc.nasa.gov
- 13. Source: http://arset.gsfc.nasa.gov Why Radiometric Resolution Important?
- 14. Source: http://arset.gsfc.nasa.gov Why Radiometric Resolution Important? L8
- 15. Source: https://www2.usgs.gov/blogs/features/files/20 15/01/Landsat_timeline.jpg Dr. William T. Pecora, Pioneer of Earth Science from Space, the father of Landsat Program, Director of the USGS from 1965 to 1971 under Stewart Udall, United States Secretary of the Interior for Presidents Kennedy and Johnson Source: https://www2.usgs.gov/blogs/features/usgs_top_story /william-t-pecora-pioneer-of-earth-science-from-space/ Introduction to Landsat
- 17. • L8 carries 2 passive push broom, along track, scanners instead of previous whisk broom scanners (L1-L7); Operational Land Imager (OLI) and https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c /Landsat_Data_Continuity_Mission_Operational_Land_I mager_Instrument_Design.jpg http://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/wp- content/uploads/2012/09/578324main_20110809-oli-lrg- 1.jpeg
- 18. • and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIS) Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landsat_8#/media/File:La ndsat_Data_Continuity_Mission_Thermal_Infrared_Sens or_Instrument_Design.jpg Source: https://maudestandard.wordpress.com/2013/01/07/landsat -8-will-be-looking-down-on-us-soon/
- 22. Source: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/landsat/news/first-images-feature.html
- 24. A deep blue visible channel (band 1) specifically designed for water resources and coastal zone investigation (sediment movement), and a new infrared channel (band 9) for the detection of cirrus (high thin) clouds. Source: http://landsat.usgs.gov//ldcm_vs_previous.php Which applications each band designed for?
- 25. • 1964- Dr. William Pecora proposed to US Congress • 1969- US Congress approved funding • 1972-ERTS-1 (Earth Resources Technology Satellite, later renamed Landsat 1 • 1984 Landsat 5 has launched - 2013 Landsat 5 discontinued • 2000 EO-1 (Earth Observing One) launched with ALI (Advance Land Imager) • 2005-LDCM (Landsat Data Continuity Mission) began • 2013-LDCM was launched on February 11, 2013, later renamed Landsat 8 • 2015-Landsat 9 in a roll to be launched TIR-2019 & OLI 2-2023 Introduction to Landsat
- 27. Source: http://landsat.usgs.gov/about_mission_history.php and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mqVKR9OnqqA 2019 TIR Free-Flyer Introduction to Landsat
- 28. Data Correction Level: Source: http://landsat.usgs.gov//Landsat_Processing_Details.phpSource: http://arset.gsfc.nasa.gov
- 29. Data Correction Level: Source: http://landsat.usgs.gov//Landsat_Processing_Details.phpSource: http://arset.gsfc.nasa.gov
- 30. Data Correction Level: Standard Terrain Correction (Level 1T) - provides systematic radiometric and geometric accuracy by incorporating ground control points while employing a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for topographic accuracy. Geometric accuracy of the L1T corrected product should be within 30 meters (1 pixel) for low-relief areas at sea level. Systematic Correction (Level 1G) - provides systematic radiometric and geometric accuracy, which is derived from data collected by the sensor and spacecraft. Geometric accuracy of the systematically corrected product should be within 250 meters (1 sigma) for low-relief areas at sea level. Source: http://landsat.usgs.gov//Landsat_Processing_Details.php
- 31. Source: http://landsat.usgs.gov/Landsat_Project_Statistics.php Barbara Ryan GEO Secretariat Director the leader to propose the idea, then since late 2008, when Landsat data were made available to all users free of charge (600 – 1,000 or more in case of Thailand USD per scene) Source: http://landsat.usgs.gov/documents/ USGS_Landsat_Imagery_Release.pdf
- 33. Accessibility 1. Earth Explorer Source: http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/
- 35. Accessibility 3. LandsatLook Viewer Source: http://landsatlook.usgs.gov/viewer.html
- 36. Accessibility 4. Landsat Google Earth Interface Source: Google Earth with USGS_Landsat.kml
- 37. Accessibility 5. LSDS Science Research and Development (LSRD) Source: http://espa.cr.usgs.gov/index/
- 38. Source: http://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/?page_id=3510 Main Researches and Operation Topics Using Landsat Imageries that NASA considers significant
- 40. Examples: Ecosystem and Biodiversity http://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/?page_id=3518
- 46. Examples: Carbon and Climate http://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/?page_id=3514
- 49. Main U.S. Government Program, Landsat Imageries Applications Use in 2015: Source: https://www2.usgs.gov/blogs/features/usgs_top_story/business-experts-see-landsat- as-stunning-return-on-public-investment/
- 51. • Aerosol, dust, smoke and haze monitoring by Landsat, actually we can see it in the valley such as Huanpan, Laos PDR • Landsat 8’s Band 1 (0.4333-0.453 µm) is useful for imaging shallow water, sediment, and also useful in estimating the concentration and tracking fine particles of aerosols such as smoke and haze in the atmosphere (http://landsat.usgs.gov//L8_band_1.php). • But not many researches using Landsat to really study aerosol probably because temporal resolution, so it might be a good topic to do some interesting research as its spatial resolution.
- 52. Source: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=84218&src=fb Landsat 8, however, has a new “coastal blue band” designed to parse out subtle differences in the color of water—minor changes in color intensity that can indicate what is mixed in that water. Taking Landsat 8 to the Beach, Lake Ontario near Rochester, New York; August 22, 2014
- 53. Source: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=84218&src=fb Taking Landsat 8 to the Beach, Lake Ontario near Rochester, New York; August 22, 2014 Over the past year, members of Schott’s research group have paddled or motored out into the lake to sample the waters on the same days that Landsat 8 has passed overhead (which happens once every 16 days). The team then compares the chemistry and visual quality of those water samples with what the satellite sees. The researchers are using these comparisons to create data tables and computer programs that will eventually turn remote satellite images into timely information for local managers of water quality.
- 54. Source: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/view.php?id=88319&src=nha Automating the Detection of Landslides, Nepal Free Python 3 code--https://github.com/NASA-DEVELOP/DRIP-SLIP
- 55. Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBIA0lqfcN4 Land Use and Land Cover Change The main benefit that Landsat can provide is the time series of the changing Earth’s surfaces!!!! (Land Cover) according to human activities (Land Use). • Land Cover: Forest, Desert, etc. • Land Use: Agriculture, Mining, Irrigation system, etc. • Land Use and Land Cover Change: Forest >>>>> Agriculture, Urban, Suburban, etc. Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cPRGfyd93fo
- 56. Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kIYHGkSb-fU Land Use and Land Cover Change GEE put those Landsat imageries together and give the power for people to study the changing world!!
- 57. Google Earth Engine • What is it? • Why Google build it? • What can it do? • Examples? Useful links for further reading and studying: 1. https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/landsat 2. http://www.igettremotesensing.org 3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EDxd6uo0gw8 4. http://www.ceos-cove.org/
- 58. Why is Google working on Earth Engine? • Started in 2009 right after Landsat imageries are free to the public. Google is trying to mirror USGS archive only with L1T with over 3 millions scenes and of course MODIS and will add VIIRS. • Google's mission is to organize the world's information (Big Data Concept; too much for a single server) and make it universally accessible and useful. • Earth Engine organizes geospatial information and makes it available for analysis. • Google strives to make the world a better place through the use of technology. Source: https://earthengine.google.com
- 59. What is Earth Engine? Earth Engine is a platform for petabyte-scale scientific analysis and visualization of geospatial datasets, both for public benefit and for business and government users. Source: https://earthengine.google.com/ Source: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article- 3369491/Google-s-plan-world-Search-engine-build-half- billion-dollar-data-center-US.html
- 60. What is Earth Engine? • Access to over 40 years of satellite imageries (with daily updates). Petabytes of publicly available geospatial data. • Scientific algorithms to analyze those data (as well as your own data). Comprehensive toolset to analyze data. Scientific algorithms ready for use & the building blocks to create your own with ability to reproduce/share routines • Google’s computer clusters to analyze the data at planetary scale for free. • A web-based tool for interactive data exploration. • An API for building your own specialized websites. Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EDxd6uo0gw8 Intro to EE & Friends By David Thau
- 62. What can Google Earth Engine do? • Earth Engine’s technical infrastructure powers humanitarian, scientific, and environmental initiatives. • GEE uses Python and Javascript as 2 base languages for Web Application Program Interface (API) where it allow users to write their own codes on top of it • The data available in GEE can be looked up at GEE Data Catalog (https://earthengine.google.com/datasets/) • Processing raster satellite imageries time series in a very quick time manner where users do not need to physically download huge data in their machine. Source: https://earthengine.google.com
- 63. How to get it started? • Gmail account • Google drive • https://signup.earthengine.google.com/#/ Graphical User Interface (GUI) • earthengine.google.org • User-friendly access to data & some tools Earth Engine Playground – Web portal to the application program interface (API) • ee-api.appspot.com • Access to advanced analysis tools • Create complex custom analyses using JavaScript • Powerful but requires some programming knowledge or willingness to learn Source: https://earthengine.google.com
- 64. Script manager & API Documentation Code Editor Information Panel Map output Panelhttps://code.earthengine.google.com/# Earth Engine Playground – Web portal to the application program interface (API)
- 65. Earth Engine Playground – Web portal to the application program interface (API) With specific boundary of study area
- 66. Useful Links: Where to look at the what imageries GEE have • Call Earth Engine Bucket-- https://console.cloud.google.com/storage/browser/eart hengine-public/?pli=1 • https://earthengine.google.org/#index • https://ee-api.appspot.com/datasets • https://console.developers.google.com/storage/earthen gine-public/ Access documentations (ready to use codes) • https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/ Participate and get help from the forum • https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en&fromgroups# !forum/google-earth-engine-developers
- 67. Matt Hansen, Global Forest Change, Powered by GEE Source: http://earthenginepartners.appspot.c om/science-2013-global-forest
- 68. “This is the first map of forest change that is globally consistent and locally relevant. What would have taken a single computer 15 years to perform was completed in a matter of days using Google Earth Engine computing.” Prof. Dr. Matt Hansen, U. of Maryland Source: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/342/6160/850
- 69. Source: http://mol.org/ Map Of Life The Map of Life team has developed an interactive map for conservators to view and analyze habitat ranges and to assess the security of individual species.
- 71. The Deforestation Alert System (SAD) is operating in the GEE platform (Monthly Deforestation Report; http://imazon.org.br/). Report results at Global Forest Watch; http://www. globalforest watch.org/
- 72. Source: USAID-LEAF GEE Landsat Time Series-Forest Cover Change to Carbon Emission 1. Overview of Image Time Series Compositing Process 2. GEE Madang, PNG 2000-2013 Available Imagery 3. LEAF Composites Missing Scene Integration and L8 Integration 4. Detection of Deforestation and Degradation by CLASlite Using Landsat Google Earth Engine Composites 5. CLASlite’s Outputs from 4 USAID LEAF Landscapes 6. Madang emissions based on Hansen AD 7. GEE example code by Ian Houseman, RSAC-USFS
- 73. “Landsat looked; the scientists saw. Lives will be saved” by Joel N. Shurkin, July 23, 2012 Source: Landsat Looks and Sees, Forty Years of Observations Reveal a Changing Planet and Society; Landsat 1, July 23, 1972 (http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/LandsatLooks/) Source: Landsat 8, Feb. 11, 2013, https://www2.usgs.gov/blogs/features/usgs_top_story/free-data- proves-its-worth-for-observing-earth/ “From Still-Lifes to Motion Pictures” by Holli Riebeek Visuals by Joshua Stevens March 26, 2015 http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/LandsatBigData/
- 74. Landsat and Beyond: Sustaining and Enhancing the Nation's Land Imaging Program, 2013 Source: National Academy of Sciences, http://www.nap.edu
- 75. Source: Introduction to ARSET and Aerosols Observations from Satellites - Air Quality, Pawan Gupta, October 2015, http://arset.gsfc.nasa.gov Experimental: (CLOUDSAT) The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO)
- 76. Source: Introduction to ARSET and Aerosols Observations from Satellites - Air Quality, Pawan Gupta, October 2015, http://arset.gsfc.nasa.gov CALIPSO w70 x h30 m
- 77. Source: Satellites Remote Sensing of Air Quality – An Overview, Pawan Gupta, September 2015, http://arset.gsfc.nasa.gov
- 78. Source: Introduction to ARSET and Aerosols Observations from Satellites - Air Quality, Pawan Gupta, October 2015, http://arset.gsfc.nasa.gov
- 79. The Power of Remote Sensing? • To Witness • To Prove • To Relate • To Reveal • To Celebrate By National Geographic Photographer James Balog (2013, http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/ng-live/balog-prove-lecture- nglive?cs=related&source=relatedvideo) • To Understand • To Adapt • To Survive
- 80. Conclusions • Landsat is the longest satellite program with continuous data of over 40 years and will be extended. • Landsat is free and can be used to study Global’s phenomena • GEE enables us to utilize free remote sensing data into higher potential with less resources. • We have to handle “Big data” in order to make more sense out of what we already have. • Thoroughly love and understand what you are doing will enable your to enjoy your life!!!!
- 81. Thank you very much for your attention! Questions!!!!