IntroPhilo_Q2_Mod2_Intersubjectivity_Version2.pdf
- 1. SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person Module 2- Quarter 2 Intersubjectivity Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines
- 2. Development Team of the Module Author: Daryl H. Bao Content Editor: Carwin P. Murillo and Ivy O. Niñeza Language Editor: Cynthia M. Garrido Proofreader : Irish Joy Q. Nacua Illustrator/s: Shem C. Tayanes Jr. and Jayford F. Pajaron Layout Artists: Erwin Mark G. Poblete Development Team: Chairperson: Dr. Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III Regional Director Co-Chairpersons: Dr. Victor G. De Gracia Jr. CESO V Assistant Regional Director Jonathan S. dela Peña, PhD, CESO V Schools Division Superintendent Rowena H. Para-on, PhD Assistant Schools Division Superintendent Mala Epra B. Magnaong, Chief ES, CLMD Members: Neil A. Improgo, PhD, EPS-LRMS; Bienvenido U. Tagolimot, Jr., PhD, EPS-ADM; Erlinda G. Dael, PhD, CID Chief; Ferminia M. Labis, EPS (Araling Panlipunan); Celieto B. Magsayo, LRMS Manager; Loucile L. Paclar, Librarian II; Kim Eric G. Lubguban, PDO II Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person Alternative Delivery Mode Module 2- Quarter 2 : Intersubjectivity First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones, PhD Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio, PhD Assistant Secretary: Alma Ruby C. Torio, PhD Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education - Alternative Delivery Mode (DepEd-ADM) Office Address: Masterson Avenue, Upper Balulang, Zone 1, Cagayan de Oro City, Cagayan de Oro, Lalawigan ng Misamis Oriental Telefax: (02) 634 – 1054 or 634 – 1072 E-mail Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph / blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph i
- 3. SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person Module 2- Quarter 2 Intersubjectivity Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed by educators from public and private schools, colleges and universities. We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments and recommendations to the Department of Education at action@deped.gov.ph We value your feedback and recommendations. ii
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- 5. iv iv 1 1 2 2 3 3 5 5 6 7 7 8 9 10 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. Cover page Table of Contents Overview General Instructions What I Need to Know? What you Know Lesson 2.1: What is Intersubjectivity? What’s In What’s New Lesson 2.2: Elements of Interpersonal Relationships Lesson 2.3: Empathy and Society What’s More What I Have Learned What Can I Do Assessment Answer Key References
- 6. For the learners: To be guided in achieving the objectives of this module, do the following: 1. Read and follow instructions carefully. 2. Write all your ANSWERS in your PHILOSOPHY ACTIVITY NOTEBOOK. 3. Answer the pretest before going through the lessons. 4. Take note and record points for clarification. 5. Compare your answers against the key to answers found at the end of the module. 6. Do the activities and fully understand each lesson. 7. Answer the self-check to monitor what you learned in each lesson. 8. Answer the posttest after you have gone over all the lessons. For the teacher: To facilitate and ensure the students’ learning from this module, you are encouraged to do the following (you may edit this part): 1. Clearly communicate learning competencies and objectives 2. Motivate through applications and connections to real life. 3. Give applications of the theory 4. Discuss worked-out examples 5. Give time for hands-on unguided classroom work and discovery 6. Use formative assessment to give feedback 7. Introduce extensions or generalizations of concepts 8. Engage in reflection questions 9. Encourage analysis through higher order thinking prompts 10. Provide alternative formats for student work 11. Remind learners to write their answers in their Philosophy Activity Notebook OVERVIEW Good day learners! Congratulations on making it this far in Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. We continue now with the next topic at hand, Intersubjectivity. We will explore how human persons form interpersonal relationships and the corresponding factors involved in a philosophical view. Further, we will also describe and immerse ourselves in activities that promote the formation of a dialogue. Afterwards, we will test how far you have understood the lesson through short tests as well as reflective activities. Specifically, this module consists of the following lessons: • Lesson 1: What is Intersubjectivity? • Lesson 2: Elements of Interpersonal Relationships • Lesson 3: Empathy and Society GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS 1
- 7. https://www.shutterstock.com/search/cultural+diversity WHAT I NEED TO KNOW? The whole world is more connected now more than ever in the 21st century. Using communication technology such as the Internet, we can discover and even interact with other cultures around the globe. Look at the picture on the left. Does each person depicted look the same? Does each person have different clothing from the other? With the Earth as the background of the image, what do you think the image represents? In this module, the learner will be able to: • Realize that intersubjectivity requires accepting differences and not to impose on to others • Explain that authentic dialogue means accepting others even if they are different from themselves • Performs activities that demonstrate an appreciation for the talents of persons with disabilities and those from the underprivileged sectors of society WHAT I KNOW INSTRUCTIONS: Write TRUE is the statement is correct and FALSE if it is wrong. Write your answers on a separate piece of paper. ______1. Intersubjectivity refers to shared awareness and understanding among people. ______2. Man has the natural tendency to establish relationships with other people. ______3. The views and ideas of other people, as well as social context do not influence our behavior as individuals. ______4. We are primarily aware of people as objects and not as persons. ______5. Seeming refers to the capacity of individuals to engage in genuine interaction with others. 2
- 8. 2 WHAT’S IN? Lesson 2.1: What is Intersubjectivity? In one of the past chapters of this module, we have learned that a human person has self-awareness, self-determination, externality, and dignity. We have explored that a person recognizes what he or she is and what he or she can do. Further, we have learned that a person is a social being and since the establishment of the first form of civilization has thrived because of the links and relationship one has. Our ability to engage in meaningful interactions with other people, our surroundings, and everything around us is rooted in our capacity for self-awareness and transcendence. Before we begin to relate with others, we must first be aware of ourselves as rational individuals capable of determined and reasonable action. Interpersonal relations are made possible when the self becomes aware of the other, which includes everyone and everything outside of the self. Take a moment to look at one of your family members. Are you aware of his or her existence? If your answer is yes, then you are correct since you can perceive your family member through your senses. Your classmate is the other, a being that exists outside of yourself. Now look at an object at your desk. It may be a pencil, ball-pen, piece of paper, or any object. That object is also another, as it is a thing that also exists outside of yourself. Now, which of the following actions is more reasonable? You begin talking to your family member, telling him or her about a funny experience you had in school. You begin talking to the piece of paper on your desk, telling about a funny experience you had in school. Of course, you will select the left statement since it describes a reasonable and logical human act. You only interact with objects when you need to use them. You reach out for the pencil and paper only when you need to write, and you do not need to talk to these objects to enable them to function. Interacting, with other human beings, however, is a more complex act. What drives human persons to interact with their fellow humans in a more meaningful way? Our human nature not only enable us to recognize the self that defines our individuality, it also enables us to recognize that other human beings also possesses a self. We can relate meaningfully with other human beings because we consider ourselves as essentially the same. This notion of recognizing the self in the other is how philosophers define interpersonal relations. Lesson 6 Intersubjectivity 3
- 9. 4 Intersubjectivity is a philosophical concept that explore the mutual recognition of each other as persons. It cannot be denied that we interact with other beings in the world, but some of these beings that we interact with are persons and must be recognized as such. Intersubjectivity also carries the meaning of unique relationship between distinct subjects. It refers to the characteristics of the human person to engage in a very intimate and personal relationship with others who are different from him or her but who are also like him or her. This is possible because the person has an inner life or interiority. Having an inner life allows the person to give himself or herself to others. This also allows the individual to receive others in his or her life and relate with them. Intersubjectivity also allows a person to become closer to others in many ways. In everyday social interactions, persons could agree and cooperate with each other. There is also the experience of shared or “common” knowledge and shared emotions such as grief, joy, and love. A deeper level of interaction between the self and the other, on the other hand, is the awareness of the self as being seen by others. Imagine, for instance, that one of the people you are watching suddenly stops and looks straight at you. You are immediately aware of this person’s action as another which is the stranger looking at your direction. Also, you are aware of another significant fact that you know that the stranger staring at you is aware of you as a person. This self-consciousness is considered by philosophers as a defining characteristic of the self-other relationship. WHAT’S NEW? Read and reflect on the situations below: Look at the images above. The image on the left is a boy staring at his crush while the one on the right is a man talking to a woman while her child awkwardly stares at the man. Now, which among the two situations depict the “self” acknowledging the “other”? Which among the two situation shows an internal reaction unique only to the “self” and the “other” he or she perceives? Lastly, if you are in both situations, which of the two would elicit the most emotions out of you? Would it be staring at your crush or staring at a stranger? https://cutewallpaper.org/21/boy-and-girl-kiss-cartoon/view-page-21.html
- 10. https://clipartstation.com/asking-directions-clipart-4/ This unique phenomenon of the human gaze is considered a defining characteristic which sets apart human interaction from the interaction of other species. Also, the awareness of the “self in the other” is an important element in all other aspects of interpersonal interactions. The way we act with other people is often influenced by our ideas of how these people see us. These actions are referred to as “seeming”, where an individual presents himself or herself in a certain way when dealing with others. Person's take on role or app out characters when dealing with certain people or when in certain situations. This is considered as an unconscious, natural app on the part of humans. Lesson 2.2: Elements of Interpersonal Relationships Most human interactions, however, are not based on deception period since our human nature drives us to uphold dignity and goodness, our interactions with others are also geared toward what is good and beneficial. This led humans to strive to achieve deeper and more substantial interactions and relations with other people. This deeper and more genuine interaction is called a dialogue, and this is made possible when the self realizes that the other is genuine and unique individual. When two individuals begin to view each other as another that is and truly acknowledging each other’s presence, then that is the beginning of an authentic relationship and a dialogue. A dialogue is an interaction between two persons that happens through speech or the use of words, expressions, and body language. The person is a being who is open to others that can receive others in a dialogue. Ordinarily, we think of it as a kind of communication that usually occurs through a conversation. However, it must be noted that dialogue is not confined to words. Actions, gestures, and other expressions maybe used to convey a person's inner life. Because persons are beings with inner lives, the words uttered during a dialogue are rooted in each person’s inner life. Whenever a person speaks, he or she expresses a personal interiority and communicates this part of himself or herself to another person. This is the reason why it is not possible to have a dialogue with the material, object, a plan, or even a pet. Only beings with interiority or an inner life can engage in a dialogue. A dialogue occurs when two persons “open up” to each other and give and receive one another in their encounter. Genuine dialogue occurs when persons are willing to share themselves with one another period, the awareness of each other’s presence as a true person defined by the acceptance of each other's uniqueness and differences. When each individual enters into a dialogue with this mindset, then it is truly a dialogue between equals. Philosophers agree that this is important for humans to pursue and achieve genuine relationships to attain development. Human persons naturally seek and can achieve and maintain genuine, meaningful relationship with each other. The human person is considered as a “being with others,” which means that his or her identity and destiny are shaped by 5
- 11. https://clipartstation.com/asking-directions-clipart-4/ relating with others. Human existence is a continual dialogue with the other, and that the self becomes whole through interaction with other people and his or her surroundings. Lesson 2.3: Empathy and Society Empathy, or the ability to share emotions, is an important aspect of intersubjectivity. This emotion is driven by a person's awareness that the other is a person with thoughts and feelings. Human persons are actively aware of the emotional states of other people and they use this information to determine their own actions and behavior. Empathy enables us to experience another person's emotions such as happiness, anger, and sadness. Another characteristic of a meaningful and genuine human relationship is availability, or the willingness of a person to be present and be at the disposal of another. For instance, you went to an unfamiliar place and cannot locate the place where you are supposed to go. What will you do? You might think of asking directions from the people living in the area. How will you feel if you were asking for directions, but the people you were asking kept ignoring you? What will you think about these people? Let us say a stranger approach you in the street asking for help. What will be your first reaction? Will you try and help that person, or will you ignore him or her? Important values related to Inter subjectivity include acceptance of differences and embracing diversity. We understand that each person is unique, therefore, differences will exist among groups of people. When we look at physical traits and even behavior, we can see that no two persons look and think the same. When we consider views, beliefs, and ideas the differences become much more pronounced. We must accept that people will have different views and beliefs. What unites us all is our shared humanity and dignity. The recognition of our shared humanity and dignity is what drives us to extend assistance and help with concern towards others, especially towards individuals or groups that experience hardships and discrimination. For instance, those who are physically and mentally challenged often experience hardships because of their condition. You must realize, however, that these individuals, despite their limitations, can have the same skills as those who are fully able in mind and body. They also have hopes and aspirations like us, and many of them have successfully transcended their disabilities to become productive and happy individuals. Society must be founded on relationships and bonds established through mutual respect and recognition of human dignity. If we recognize that the other person is the same as ourselves, if we consider him or her as an individual with dignity as a person, then he is not different from us, and we will be able to forge ties and build a community of harmony. 6
- 12. WHAT’S MORE? INSTRUCTIONS: Answer the following questions briefly and straight to the point. 1. How does empathy enable persons to establish genuine relationships with others? 2. What is availability? Have you ever made yourself available for others? 3. What enables human persons to establish meaningful interaction with others? 4. How is Inter subjectivity related to self-awareness and transcendence? 5. How does establishing dialogue with others benefit a person? WHAT I HAVE LEARNED? INSTRUCTIONS: Fill the blanks with the right words to make the statement correct. ➢ A person's ability to engage in meaningful interactions with other people, his or her surroundings, and things around him or her, is rooted in the human capacity for ______________ and _______________. ➢ __________________ refers to the shared awareness and understanding among persons. It is made possible by the awareness of the self and the other. ➢ _____________ is the way a person presents himself or herself when dealing with others, this is considered a natural and often unconscious act. ➢ A deep in general relationship between persons is called a dialogue. _________ happens when two persons truly acknowledge each other’s presence and treat each other as equals. ➢ ____________ is an important aspect of Inter subjectivity and is driven by a person's awareness of the emotions and thoughts of other people. It enables a person to place himself or herself in the shoes of others and leads to a greater understanding an appreciation of others. ➢ ____________ refers to the willingness of a person to be present for another and to render assistance to another. 7
- 13. Good Job! You have now finished this module. You may now proceed to the next one ➢ Meaningful and beneficial human relationships are founded on the values of acceptance, openness, and respect. As humans, were driven by our shared dignity to treat each other with respect and acceptance. ASSESSMENT INSTRUCTIONS: Write TRUE is the statement is correct and FALSE if it is wrong. Write your answers on a separate piece of paper. ______1. Intersubjectivity refers to shared awareness and understanding among people. ______2. Man has the natural tendency to establish relationships with other people. ______3. The views and ideas of other people, as well as social context do not influence our behavior as individuals. ______4. We are primarily aware of people as objects and not as persons. ______5. Seeming refers to the capacity of individuals to engage in genuine interaction with others. ______6. An authentic relationship is possible only if individuals acknowledge each other's presence as persons. ______7. Availability refers to the willingness for person to make himself or herself available for another. ______8. All humans find it difficult to have meaningful relationships with others. ______9. Empathy requires an individual to accept the other as a thinking, feeling person. ______10. It is not important to care about the welfare of others to establish a dialogue. ________5. A businessman did not accept a high-paying position in an overseas firm and instead decided to start his own business and spend more time with his family. ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES 1. Research on a person with disability who has lived a productive and meaningful life despite his or her disability. Discussed his or her background, significant achievements, as well as the traits that enabled him or her to succeed in life. 2. Have you ever engaged in a genuine and meaningful interaction with another person? Write a reflection paper describing this encounter and how it affected you. 8
- 15. 10 REFERENCES: Abella, R. (2016). Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. 2016. C & E Publishing, Inc. Quezon City Image: Cultural Diversity. Retrieved from: https://www.shutterstock.com/search/cultural+diversity Image: Boy Sees Crush. Retrieved from: https://cutewallpaper.org/21/boy-and-girl-kiss- cartoon/view-page-21.html Image: Stranger Looks at Boy with Mother. Retrieved from: https://www.clipart.email/clipart/safety-stranger-danger-clipart-322070.html Image: Asking Directions. Retrieved from: https://clipartstation.com/asking-directions-clipart- 4/ Image: Girl Boy Talking. Retrieved from: https://www.kindpng.com/imgv/ixwRbhm_clip-art- girl-talking-clipart-girl-boy-talking/
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