iOS intro to 3D graphics with Metal
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The document provides an overview of 3D graphics and GPU computing, highlighting key concepts such as data size for frames, lighting complexities, and challenges in rendering realistic water. It emphasizes the advantages of using Metal over OpenGL for multithreaded processing and easier GPU interaction, while outlining common pitfalls in OpenGL development. The author advocates for Metal due to its clean API, debugging benefits, and overall better performance for modern graphics applications.
iOS intro to 3D graphics with Metal
- 1. METAL Quick intro to 3D Graphics and GPU computing www.sigmapoint.pl
- 2. SOME NUMBERS • One frame of 1920x1080 is over 8MB of data • 60fps gives ~ 17ms to render a frame • Witcher 3’s world area is about 136km2 - one meter spaced grid (awful) takes over 2GB alone • 7
- 3. AND SOME PHYSICS • Light is weird - and really complicated (also computationally) • Luminosity has aVERY big range, which your eyes can somewhat cope with - but you monitor can’t • Atomic structure of an object heavily influences it’s interaction with light • Water has no color - but it reflects, refracts and diffracts light • Modelling water (liquid, gas) movement is hard
- 4. HDR “Ahh, it’s nothing what it really looks like”
- 5. Simple shadow changes perception a lot
- 6. I really like these illusions and I need more slides with pictures
- 9. JUST KIDDING But your program is really going to do this
- 10. VERTICES
- 11. FRAGMENTS
- 12. Decent per-fragment shading with very simple geometry
- 13. TEXTURING More than just images
- 14. CPUVS GPU Multipurpose vs streamlined
- 15. PIPELINE
- 16. PIPELINE IN CODE
- 17. RENDER PASS
- 18. SHADERS
- 19. DEMOTIME
- 20. OVERTHE HUMP Means it’s downhill from now on
- 21. TEXTURING AIN’T SO EASY
- 22. LET’S ADD SHADOWS Surfaces shading themselves thanks to floating point errors
- 23. JUST ADD A MARGIN AND… Our object appears to be floating above the ground
- 24. COSTLY DETAILS Small color differences, big effect
- 25. WHY LEARN METAL • Multicore machines are standard, OpenGL is inherently one thread only, pipeline stall is still a thing • OpenGL started as an abstraction that hid the GPU altogether - your program might still revert to CPU rendering without a warning • Deprecated APIs everywhere, nothing was ever removed • Backwards compatibility means magic arguments to functions that used to do something completely different • Really hard for beginners, practically impossible/inviable to master Or why you shouldn’t bother with OpenGL
- 26. DEBUGGING “You forgot to unbind a buffer here”
- 27. MEANWHILE, IN METAL • Designed for multithreaded processing • Simplifies interaction with GPU instead of pretending it’s not there • Clean, well documented API • Helpful assertions everywhere, compile-time errors for shaders, debugging facilities
- 28. Thanks!
- 29. Contact: grzegorz.sikorski@sigmapoint.pl @Sigmapoint_pl Images from the Interwebs: http://www.moline.com/equip%20cutters%20dies.htm http://computersnetto.blogspot.com/2015/02/old-computers.html http://smashinghub.com/amazing-optical-illusion-photos.htm http://http.developer.nvidia.com/GPUGems/gpugems_ch25.html https://www.opengl.org/discussion_boards/showthread.php/162308-per-vertex-lighting-vs-per-pixel-lighting/page2 http://www.3dgep.com/rendering-and-special-effects-in-unity-3-5/ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Swiss_army_knife_closed_20050612.jpg http://www.game-debate.com/blog/?b_id=1943&author=TeroMarsu&title=Graphical%20Effects%20Explained&page=2 http://www.fabiensanglard.net/shadowmapping/index.php http://www.independentdeveloper.com/archive/2007/12/08/ac3d-plugin-nmf-ati-normal-map-exporter https://www.flickr.com/photos/sudhee/82891943 www.sigmapoint.pl