IOT based LPG gas level detection and fire sensor

Ritam Das
Roll No. 26900322013
Under the guidance of
Mr. Subhadeep Ghosh
Head of the Department
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Modern Institute of Engineering & Technology
Barol- Malimpur, Rajhat, Bandel-Hooghly
West Bengal – 712123
Jan 2025
Arka Sahoo
Roll No. 26900321025
Anirban Das
Roll No. 26900322012
Debjit Gupta
Roll No. 26900322017
IOT BASED LPG GAS LEVEL DETECTION AND LEAKAGE MONITOR
A project/dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
by
1
Koushik Dhara
Roll No- 26900321001

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
SUN TRACKING SOLAR SONIX AUDIO AMPLIFIER
DEPT. OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGG. MIET BANDEL 2
It is my great fortune that I have got opportunity to carry out this project
work under the supervision of
Mr. Subhadeep Ghosh, Head of the Department (H.O.D) Electronics and Communication
Engineering, and also we would like Mr. Santanu Sarkar Modern Institute of Engineering &
Technology, Rajhat, Bandel-712123, affiliated to Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of
Technology (MAKAUT), West Bengal, India. I express my sincere thanks and deepest sense of
gratitude to my guide for his constant support, unparalleled guidance and limitless
encouragement.
I would also like to convey my gratitude to all the faculty members and staffs of the Department

OVERVIEW
 ABSTRACT
 METHODOLOGY
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 INSIGHT INTO ESP8266 NODEMCU FEATURES & USING IT WITH ARDUINO IDE
 POWER REQUIREMENT
 PERIPHERALS AND IO
 INSTALLING ESP8266 CORE ON WINDOWS OS
 OTHER COMPONENTS
 APPLICATION
 CONCLUSION

.
ABSTRACT
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is widely used in households, but the
consumer is unaware of the daily rate of consumption and the time frame
when he/she needs to book a refill.
In this project, we present an Internet of Things (IoT) based system which
monitors different aspects related to LPG cylinder, and thereby keeps the
consumer updated via a mobile application. Additional features include
displaying the percentage of LPG consumed; the real-time weight of the
cylinder and the safety feature is inherent part of this automation system, as
when gas leakage is detected it alerts the consumer via mobile application
and in-built buzzer.
The system is designed such that it can be used as an LPG cylinder stand.
The weight of LPG is measured using the load sensor and the output of the
sensor is connected with ESP8266 microcontroller.

METHODOLOGY
.
According to our project requirements, the following components are required.
1. ESP8266 NODEMCU (Microcontroller)
2. Load Cell 1Kg
3. Load Cell Amplifier Module HX711
4. LPG Sensor MQ6
5. Flame Sensor
6. LCD 16X2
7. Vero Board
8. Flexible Wires
9. Wooden Board
10. Soldering Iron 25Watt
11. 12 Volt Adaptor

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

INSIGHT INTO ESP8266 NODEMCU FEATURES & USING IT WITH ARDUINO IDE
With the advancement in technology, intelligent systems are introduced every day. Everything is getting
more sophisticated and intelligible. There is an increase in the demand of modern-day technology and
smart electronic systems. Microcontrollers play a very important role in the development of the smart
systems as brain is given to the system. Microcontrollers have become the heart of the new technologies
that are being introduced daily. A microcontroller is mainly a single chip microprocessor suited for control
and automation of machines and processes. Today, microcontrollers are used in many disciplines of life
for carrying out automated tasks in a more accurate manner. Almost every modern-day device including
air conditioners, power tools, toys, office machines employ microcontrollers for their operation.
Microcontroller essentially consists of Central Processing Unit (CPU), timers and counters, interrupts,
memory, input/output ports, analogue to digital converters (ADC) on a single chip. With this single chip
integrated circuit design of the microcontroller the size of control board is reduced and power
consumption is low.
The Internet of Things (IoT) has been a trending field in the world of technology. It has changed the way
we work. Physical objects and the digital world are connected now more than ever.

INSIGHT INTO ESP8266 NODEMCU FEATURES & USING IT WITH ARDUINO IDE
ESP12E MODULE:
The development board equips the ESP-12E module containing ESP8266 chip
having Tensilica Xtensa® 32-bit LX106 RISC microprocessor which operates at 80 to
160 MHz adjustable clock frequency and supports RTOS. There’s also 128 KB RAM
and 4MB of Flash memory (for program and data storage) just enough to cope with the
large strings that make up web pages, JSON/XML data, and everything we throw at
IoT devices nowadays. The ESP8266 Integrates 802.11b/g/n HT40 Wi-Fi transceiver,
so it can not only connect to a Wi-Fi network and interact with the Internet, but it can
also set up a network of its own, allowing other devices to connect directly to it. This
makes the ESP8266 NodeMCU even more versatile.

POWER REQUIREMENT
As the operating voltage range of ESP8266 is 3V to 3.6V, the board comes
with a LDO voltage regulator to keep the voltage steady at 3.3v. It can reliably
supply up to 600ma, which should be more than enough when ESP8266 pulls
as much as 80ma during RF transmissions. The output of the regulator is
also broken out to one of the sides of the board and labelled as 3V3. This pin
can be used to supply power to external components.
Power to the ESP8266 NodeMCU is supplied via the on-board MicroB
USB connector. Alternatively, if we have a regulated 5V voltage source, the
VIN pin can be used to directly supply the ESP8266 and its peripherals.

PERIPHERALS AND IO
The ESP8266 NodeMCU has total 17 GPIO pins broken out to the pin headers on
both sides of the development board. These pins can be assigned to all sorts of
peripheral duties, including:
 ADC channel – A 10-bit ADC channel.
 UART interface – UART interface is used to load code serially.
 PWM outputs – PWM pins for dimming LEDs or controlling motors.
 SPI, I2C & I2S interface – SPI and I2C interface to hook up all sorts of sensors
and peripherals.
 I2S interface – I2S interface if we want to add sound to our project.

PERIPHERALS AND IO
ONBOARD SWITCHES AND LED INDICATOR
The ESP8266 NodeMCU features two buttons. One marked as RST located on
the top left corner is the Reset button, used of course to reset the ESP8266 chip.
The other FLASH button on the bottom left corner is the download button used
while upgrading firmware.
The board also has a LED indicator which is user programmable and is
connected to the D0 pin of the board.

PERIPHERALS AND IO
SERIAL COMMUNICATION
The board includes CP2102 USB-to-UART Bridge
Controller from Silicon Labs, which converts USB
signal to serial and allows your computer to program
and communicate with the ESP8266 chip.

PERIPHERALS AND IO
ESP8266 NODEMCU PINOUT
The ESP8266 NodeMCU has total 30 pins that interface it to the outside
world. The connections are as follows:
Power Pins: There are four power pins viz. one VIN pin
& three 3.3V pins. The VIN pin can be used to directly
supply the ESP8266 and its peripherals, if we have a
regulated 5V voltage source. The 3.3V pins are the output
of an on-board voltage regulator. These pins can be used
to supply power to external components. GND is a ground
pin of ESP8266 NodeMCU development board.

PERIPHERALS AND IO
I2C Pins are used to hook up all sorts of I2C sensors and peripherals in your project. Both I2C Master and I2C Slave are
supported. I2C interface functionality can be realized programmatically, and the clock frequency is 100 kHz at a maximum. It
should be noted that I2C clock frequency should be higher than the slowest clock frequency of the slave device.
GPIO Pins ESP8266 NodeMCU has 17 GPIO pins which can be assigned to various functions such as I2C, I2S, UART, PWM, IR
Remote Control, LED Light and Button programmatically. Each digital enabled GPIO can be configured to internal pull-up or pull-
down, or set to high impedance. When configured as an input, it can also be set to edge-trigger or level-trigger to generate CPU
interrupts.
ADC Channel the NodeMCU is embedded with a 10-bit precision SAR ADC. The two functions can be implemented using ADC
viz. Testing power supply voltage of VDD3P3 pin and testing input voltage of TOUT pin. However, they cannot be implemented at
the same time.

PERIPHERALS AND IO
UART Pins ESP8266 NodeMCU has 2 UART interfaces, i.e. UART0 and UART1, which provide asynchronous communication (RS232
and RS485), and can communicate at up to 4.5 Mbps. UART0 (TXD0, RXD0, RST0 & CTS0 pins) can be used for communication. It
supports fluid control. However, UART1 (TXD1 pin) features only data transmit signal so, it is usually used for printing log.
SPI Pins ESP8266 features two SPIs (SPI and HSPI) in slave and master modes. These SPIs also support the following general-purpose
SPI features:
 4 timing modes of the SPI format transfer
 Up to 80 MHz and the divided clocks of 80 MHz
 Up to 64-Byte FIFO

PERIPHERALS AND IO
SDIO Pins ESP8266 features Secure Digital Input/Output Interface (SDIO) which is used to directly interface SD cards. 4-bit 25 MHz
SDIO v1.1 and 4-bit 50 MHz SDIO v2.0 are supported.
PWM Pins the board has 4 channels of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). The PWM output can be implemented programmatically and
used for driving digital motors and LEDs. PWM frequency range is adjustable from 1000 μs to 10000 μs, i.e., between 100 Hz and 1
kHz.
Control Pins are used to control ESP8266. These pins include Chip Enable pin (EN), Reset pin (RST) and WAKE pin.
 EN pin – The ESP8266 chip is enabled when EN pin is pulled HIGH. When pulled LOW the chip works at minimum power.
 RST pin – RST pin is used to reset the ESP8266 chip.
 WAKE pin – Wake pin is used to wake the chip from deep-sleep.

INSTALLING ESP82P66 CORE ON WINDOWS OS
Let’s proceed with installing ESP8266 Arduino core. The first thing is having latest Arduino IDE (Arduino 1.6.4 or
higher) installed on our PC.
To begin, we’ll need to update the board manager with a custom URL. Open up Arduino IDE and go to File >
Preferences. Then, copy below URL into the Additional Board Manager URLs text box situated on the bottom of the
window:
http://arduino.esp8266.com/stable/package_esp8266com_index.json

Hit OK. Then navigate to the Board Manager by going to Tools > Boards > Boards Manager. There should be a
couple new entries in addition to the standard Arduino boards. Filter our search by typing esp8266. Click on that
entry and select Install.

The board definitions and tools for the ESP8266 include a whole new set of gcc, g++, and other reasonably large, compiled binaries, so it
may take a few minutes to download and install (the archived file is ~110MB). Once the installation has completed, a small INSTALLED
text will appear next to the entry. Now close the Board Manager.
Before we get to uploading sketch & playing with LED, we need to make sure that the board is selected properly in Arduino IDE. Open
Arduino IDE and select NodeMCU 0.9 (ESP-12 Module) option under your Arduino IDE > Tools > Board menu.

Now, plug ESP8266 NodeMCU into computer via micro-B USB cable. Once the board is plugged in, it should be assigned a unique
COM port.
On Windows machines, this will be something like COM#, and on Mac/Linux computers it will come in the form of
/dev/tty.usbserial-XXXXXX. Select this serial port under the Arduino IDE > Tools > Port menu. Also select the Upload Speed:
115200

More attention needs to be given to selecting board,
choosing COM port and selecting Upload speed.

OTHER COMPONENTS
LOAD CELL
A load cell is a transducer that is used to create an electrical signal whose
magnitude is directly proportional to the force being measured. It is basically a
device that measures strain and then converts force into electric energy which
serves as a measurement for scientists and workers. The strain measurement by
load cells helps in maintaining the integrity of the unit under pressure and protects
people and equipment nearby. Load cell comes in various ranges like 5kg, 10kg,
and 100kg and more, here we have used Load cell, which can weigh up to 5kg.
Now the electrical signals generated by Load cell is in few millivolts, so they
need to be further amplified by some amplifier and hence HX711 Weighing
Sensor comes into picture.

OTHER COMPONENTS
HX711 LOAD CELLAMPLIFIER MODULE
This Load Cell Amplifier is a small breakout board for the HX711 IC that allows easily read
load cells to measure weight. By connecting the amplifier to microcontroller will be able to read
the changes in the resistance of the load cell and with some calibration to get very accurate
weight measurements. This can be handy for creating industrial scale, process control, or simple
presence detection. The HX711 uses a two-wire interface (Clock and Data) for communication.
Any microcontroller's GPIO pins should work and numerous libraries have been written
making it easy to read data from the HX711. Load cells use a four wire to connect to the
HX711. These are commonly colored Red, Black, White, and Green. Each color corresponds to
the conventional color coding of load cells.

OTHER COMPONENTS
FLAME SENSOR
Flame sensor is an electronic device which is capable of sensing/detection of fire or a high temperature zone. It gives an indication through
an LED attached at its top, just after sensing the fire. These types of sensors are usually used for short ranges. They are able to detect the
fire up to 3 feet. Flame sensors are the most common device available in the market these days due to its good results and cost efficiency. A
flame sensor module consists of a flame sensor, resistor, capacitor, potentiometer, and comparator LM393 in an integrated circuit. It can
detect infrared light with a wavelength ranging from 700nm to 1000nm.The far-infrared flame probe converts the strength changes of the
external infrared light into current changes.
WHERE AND WHY FLAME SENSOR
IS USED
Flame sensors are utilized in a number of hazardous environments, such
as hydrogen stations, industrial heating and drying systems, industrial
gas turbines, domestic heating systems and gas-powered cooking
devices. Their primary purpose is to minimize the risks associated with
combustion. Often, a flame sensor responds more swiftly than a heat or
smoke detector

OTHER COMPONENTS
LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY
Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) have materials which combine the properties
of both liquids and crystals. An LCD consists of two glass panels, with the
liquid crystal material sand witched in between them. The inner surface of the
glass plates are coated with transparent electrodes which define the character,
symbols or patterns to be displayed polymeric layers are present in between
the electrodes and the liquid crystal, which makes the liquid crystal molecules
to maintain a defined orientation angle.

OTHER COMPONENTS
The LCD is a dot matrix liquid crystal display that displays alphanumeric characters and symbols. Liquid Crystal Display screen is
an electronic display module and find a wide range of applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly
used in various devices and circuits. These modules are preferred over seven segments and other multi segment LEDs. The reasons
being: LCDs are economical; easily programmable; have no limitation of displaying special & even custom characters (unlike in seven
segments), animations and so on.
A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7
pixel matrix. This LCD has two registers, namely, Command and Data.
The command register stores the command instructions given to the LCD. A command is an instruction given to LCD to do a
predefined task like initializing it, clearing its screen, setting the cursor position, controlling display etc. The data register stores the data
to be displayed on the LCD. The data is the ASCII value of the character to be displayed on the LCD.

OTHER COMPONENTS

OTHER COMPONENTS
PIN DESCRIPTION
Pin No Function Name
1 Ground (0V) Ground
2 Supply voltage; 5V (4.7V – 5.3V) Vcc
3 Contrast adjustment; through a variable resistor VEE
4 Selects command register when low; and data register when high Register Select
5 Low to write to the register; High to read from the register Read/write
6 Sends data to data pins when a high to low pulse is given Enable
7
8-bit data pins
DB0
8 DB1
9 DB2
10 DB3
11 DB4
12 DB5
13 DB6
14 DB7
15 Backlight VCC (5V) Led+
16 Backlight Ground (0V) Led-

APPLICATIONS
It can be used in household and Industrial purpose for gas leakage and anywhere where LPG
is used as fuel so that when the fuel tank is over , we will know.

CONCLUSION
Every research work has support, guidance and help of many people and it becomes the
important responsibility of the group to express deep sense of gratitude for the same. So we take
this opportunity to express our deep sense of gratitude for our guide, for giving us this good
opportunity to select and present this topic and also for providing all the facilities and knowledge
required for the successful completion of our research work. With all respect and gratitude, we
would like to thank all the people, who have helped us directly or indirectly to make our work
complete.

THANK
YOU

IOT based LPG gas level detection and fire sensor

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