IPHP-Lesson-1.pptxIPHP-Lesson-1.pptxIPHP-Lesson-1.pptx

The students are expected to:
1. discuss philosophy and its importance as a
discipline and a means for understanding life;
2. appreciate the value of philosophy in daily
life;
3. become philosophical in dealing with life
situations; and
4. discuss the practical uses of philosophy in

A murderer is sentenced into
death. He has to choose
between three rooms. The first
room is full of furious flame. The
second is full of murderers with
loaded guns. And there are lions
in the third room who had not
been fed for years. Which room
is the safest?
Answer: The room of the lions because they’re dead if
they haven’t been fed for years!

Questions regarding human existence

“An unexamined
life is not worth
living.”
- Socrates

Read and analyse the following conversation between a
high school teacher and her student in class.
Teacher: Juan, what would you
like to be when you grow up?
Juan: Ma’am, I want to be
happy!
Teacher: Juan, you did not
understand my question.
Juan: Ma’am, you do not
understand what life is all
about!

Processing Questions:
1. Do you think that Juan’s answer was appropriate for
his teacher’s question?
2. What do you think was Juan’s interpretation of his
teacher’s question?
3. Based on his responses, what kind of student do you
imagine Juan to be?
4. If you were Juan’s teacher, how would you respond to
him?
5. How is philosophy related to this situation?

1. What is philosophy?
2. Why is there a need to
philosophize?
3. How do we characterize the study
of philosophy?
4. What are the practical uses of

Philosophy comes from two
Greek words: philos (love) and
sophia (wisdom) which were used
by ancient Greeks to refer to “love
of wisdom” and soon applied it to
the study or discipline that uses
human reason to investigate the
ultimate, causes, reasons, and
principles which govern all things
Philosophers are people who
engage in philosophy or “lovers of
wisdom”

Pythagoras
 a mathematician and scientist, credited with
formulating the Pythagorean Theorem
 established a community of learners
devoted to the study of religion and
philosophy
Heraclitus
 proposed that everything that exists is
based on a higher order or plan which he
called logos
 change is permanent aspect of the human
condition; “No man never steps in the same
river twice.”

Democritus
 study the causes of natural phenomena
 was among the first to propose that
matter is composed of tiny particles called
atoms Diogenes of Sinope
 a known advocate of living a simple and
virtuous life
 one should not only talk of virtue but should
show it in words and actions
 his emphasis on austerity and simplicity often
went to the extreme and was said to have
lived like a beggar

Epicurus
 philosophy could enable man
to live a life of happiness
 his views gave rise to
Epicureanism – a school of
philosophy which believes
that wisdom and simple living
will result in a life free of fear
and pain

Socrates
 considered the foremost philosopher of
ancient times
 he did not claim to be “wise” and
merely considered himself a “midwife”
that helped inquiring minds achieve
wisdom
 believed that philosophy could enable a
man to live a life of virtue.
 formulated the Socratic Method – a
means of examining a topic by devising
a series of questions that let the learner
examine and anlyze his knowledge and

Plato
 a student of Socrates, he wrote down his
mentor’s teachings and incorporated
some of his own ideas
 his teachings and writings were
considered the foundation of Western
philosophy
 dialectic – a method of inquiry where
two opposing ideas are discussed in an
attempt to arrive at new knowledge
 founded the Academy – an institution of
higher learning which was the first of its
kind in the Western World

Aristotle
 he attended the academy and
prominent student of Plato
 all ideas and views are based on
perception and our reality is based on
what we can sense and perceive
 studied logic that led to the
formulation of a formal process of
analyzing reasoning which gave rise to
deductive reasoning – the process of
which specific statements are analyzed
to reach a conclusion or generalization

We all have the potential to
philosophize since we have the
tendency to wonder and doubt. We
possess the capacity to reflect on our
experiences, and we have a never-
ending need to learn and discover.
The need to philosophize is traced to a
person’s sense of wonder (Plato) and
doubt (Rene Descartes), the need to
make sense of challenging experiences
(Karl Jaspers), and the love for
wisdom.

The study of philosophy can be
considered as a way of analyzing ideas
and frameworks. It is also considered
as a way of examining a particular area
of knowledge. Philosophy itself is a
discipline with its own goals, concerns,
and ways of doing things. It also
makes use of information gathered
from other fields of knowledge and not
just its own conclusions. Finally,
philosophy can be considered a
reflective and meditative activity.

Aesthetics
deals with beauty and what makes
things “beautiful”
Logic
the branch of philosophy which
deals with correct reasoning
Epistemology
discusses the nature of knowledge
and knowing
Ethics
the branch which deals with moral
questions and dilemmas

Political Philosophy
studies governments and deals with
questions of justice, power and the rights
and obligations of citizens
Metaphysics
deals with questions regarding reality
and existence
Philosophy of the Human Person
understands the human person from a
philosophical perspective – integrating
and synthesizing the different branches
of philosophy and other fields of study to
know the truth about the human person

Practical Uses of Philosophy in Our Lives:
1. Philosophy enables a person to engage in critical analysis and
interpretation of concepts, definitions, arguments, and
problems.
2. Philosophy also improves problem-solving and decision making.
3. A philosopher is a good communicator who can clearly and
adequately present his or her ideas.
4. Wisdom is one intended product of philosophizing that refers to
a person’s ability to apply knowledge to daily life particularly in
making sound choices and judgment.
5. Knowledge of Philosophy can contribute to self-development.

Describe (through poster, slogan, essay,
song, poem, drawing, etc.) a situation in
your life when you were able to engage
in philosophy. What circumstances or
dilemma brought about your need to
philosophize? How did philosophy help
you address your situation?

1. What are the reasons that compel a person
to engage in philosophical thinking?
2. How can you as a person benefit from
philosophizing?
3. Based on the characteristics of Philosophy,
would it be possible for any person to
engage in philosophical discussion? Why or
why not?

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