Iris recognition
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Iris recognition is a biometric identification method that analyzes the unique patterns of the iris, developed through prenatal growth. The concept dates back to 1936, gaining momentum with patents awarded in the 1980s and 1994 for algorithms that automate iris identification, leading to applications by agencies like the FBI and the UK government for secure identification. While iris recognition offers high security due to the stability and randomness of iris patterns, it faces challenges such as interference from eyelashes and the need for proper imaging conditions.
Iris recognition
- 1. IRIS RECOGNITION Anjali Awasthi M.Sc Forensic Science 2ndYear 4th sem 17001007940
- 2. Introduction • Derived from the Greek words bio means life and metrics means to measure. • In simple terms Iris recognition is the process of recognizing a person by analyzing the random pattern of the iris. • The iris develops during prenatal growth through a process of tight forming and folding of the tissue membrane. • Iris recognition is the automated process of recognizing a person on the basis of unique pattern of iris.The iris is the annular region of the eye bounded by the pupil and sclera (white part of the eye). In the iris recognition, digital templates of iris are compared against the stored templates
- 3. History of Iris Recognition • 1936 – Concept of using the iris pattern for identification is proposed Ophthalmologist Frank Burch proposed the concept of using iris patterns as a method to recognize an individual. • 1986 – Patent is awarded stating that the iris can be used for identification1986 – Patent is awarded stating that the iris can be used for identification- Drs. Leonard Flom andAran Safir were awarded a patent for their concept that the iris could be used for identification. Dr. Flom approached Dr. John Daugman to develop an algorithm to automate identification of the human iris. • 1994- First iris recognition algorithm is patented - Dr. John Daugman was awarded a patent for his iris recognition algorithms.Owned by IridianTechnologies, the successor to lriScan, Inc. – this patent is the cornerstone of most commercial iris recognition products to date. • .
- 4. Iris Recognition • The federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) planned a database for searching iris scans nationwide to more quickly track criminals. • The UK government in 2002 began IRIS (Iris recognition immigration system) program which enables more than a million registered travelers to enter the country via several British airports using only automatic iris recognition for identification, in lieu of passport presentation or any other means of asserting an identity. • Iris recognition system are also used in providing positive identity assurance for larger transactions at live teller stations which lower the risk of losses due to identity theft.
- 5. Approaches • Before recognition of the iris takes place, the iris is located using landmark features. • These landmark features and the distinct shape of the iris allow for imaging, feature isolation, and extraction. • Localization of the iris is an important step in iris recognition because, if done improperly, resultant noise (e.g., eyelashes, reflections, pupils, and eyelids) in the image may lead to poor performance. • Iris imaging requires use of a high quality digital camera. • Nowadays iris cameras contain Infrared Light that is used commercially to illuminate Iris without causing harm.
- 8. Advantages of Iris Recognition • Highly protected, internal organ of the eye. • Iris patterns possess a high degree of randomness. • Changing pupil size confirms natural physiology. • Pre-natal morphogenesis (7th month of gestation). • Limited genetic penetrance of iris patterns • Patterns apparently stable throughout life.
- 9. Disadvantages of Iris Recognition Obscured by eyelashes, lenses, reflections Partially occluded by eyelids, often drooping. Deforms non- elastically as pupil changes size. Illumination should not be visible or bright. Small target (1cm) to acquire from a distance (1m).