IRJET- A Data Sharing Protocol to Minimize Security and Privacy Risks in Cloud Storage using Steganography Techniques

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 02 | Feb 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1084
A DATA SHARING PROTOCOL TO MINIMIZE SECURITY AND PRIVACY
RISKS IN CLOUD STORAGE USING STEGANOGRAPHY TECHNIQUES
S. Nandhini Devi1, S. Rajarajan2
1(M.E) CSE Student, Dept. of CSE, Kings College of Engineering, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
2(M.E) Assistant Professor, Dept of CSE, Kings College of Engineering, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abstract - Data sharing inside the cloud is a way that lets in
users to without difficulty get admission to records over the
cloud. The data proprietor outsources their statistics in the
cloud because of price reduction and the awesome
conveniences provided by way of cloud services. Data owner
isn't always able to control over their statistics, because cloud
Provider Company is a 3rd party company. The important
disaster with facts sharing within the cloud is the privateness
and safety issues. Various strategies are to be had to help user
privateness and comfy information sharing. This undertaking
awareness on numerous schemes to cope with comfortable
statistics sharing such as Data sharing with forward
protection, relaxed information sharing for dynamic
organizations, Attribute based totally statistics sharing,
encrypted information sharing and Shared Authority Based
Privacy-Preserving Authentication Protocol foraccesscontrol
of outsourced information.
KeyWords: Data, Security, Encryption, Decryption,
Steganography
I. INTRODUCTION
CLOUD computing is hastily emerging because of the
provisioning of elastic, bendy, and on-call for storage and
computing services for clients. Cloud computing offers an
effective manner to lessen capital expenditure and
operational expenditure.Thismonetarygainisa majorcause
of the cloud recognition. However, SECURITY and
privateness representprincipal concernsinsidetheadoption
of cloud technology for statistics garage. An method to
mitigate those concerns is the usage of cryptography in
which records are commonly encrypted earlier than storing
to the cloud [1]. Whereas cryptography assures the
confidentiality of the information towards the cloud, when
the statistics are to be shared among a set, thecryptographic
services want to be bendy enough to deal with specific
customers, exercising the get entry to manage, and control
the keys in an powerful manner to guard statistics
confidentiality. The facts handling among a set has positive
additional characteristics in place of two-party
communication or the data handling belonging to a
unmarried person. The current, departing, and newly
becoming a member of organization participants can show
to be an insider hazard violating facts confidentiality and
privacy. While adopting a cloud for garage, the loss of
manage over statistics and computation raises many safety
concerns for corporations. The lack of manage over
information and the garage platform additionally motivates
cloud customers tomaintain thegetadmissiontomanipulate
over information (person information and the facts shared
among a collection of customers via the general public
cloud).The cloud consumer encrypts the statistics earlier
than storing to the cloud, this guaranteesclouddoesn’tstudy
any facts approximately purchaser’s records. The get
admission to rights are given to one-of-a-kind users by
means of dispensing key used for encryption. However, this
can bring about immoderate load over clients. By placing a
third birthday celebration in between customer and cloud
and delegating all operational loads to a third partywill help
to decrease load from the consumer. But whilst doing so
there may be a possibility that 1/3 birthday celebrationmay
additionally show malicious conduct. Hence there shouldbe
an technique to triumph over this. In thispaper,weadvocate
a method named Secure Data Sharing in Clouds through
limiting agree with in Third birthday party/Server that
offers with the aforementioned protection. It helps to limit
consider in third birthday celebration/server. While
delegating a few operational load to a third party this
approach guarantees statistics confidentiality. For this the
concept of layer encryption is used where decrease layer
encryption is finished through the records proprietor and
top layer encryption is achieved by means of 1/3 party. The
owner presents the authority of record get right of entry to
to user through proving key used for decrease layer
encryption, whilst encryption or decryption of the report.
Hence, by using keeping manageoveroperationsreturnedto
statistics proprietorthismethodhelpstoholdconfidentiality
[2].The departing member cannot decrypt the statistics on
its own as he/she will not able to get a key used for lower
layer encryption from records owner. Similarly, no frequent
decryption and encryption are wished for new consumer
inclusion and person's departure.
II. DATA SECURITY OVERVIEW
Data safety is essential to shielding confidential statistics,
respecting the privateness of studies topics, and complying
with applicable protocols and requirements.Even reputedly
de-diagnosed facts can be re-identified if sufficient specific
characteristics are covered.1 Additionally, the facts
discovered on this technique will be adverse in surprising
ways. For instance, computer scientist Arvind Narayanan
successfully re-diagnosed a public-use de-recognized
information set from Netflix. Through this, he changed into
capable to deduce viewers’ political possibilities and other
potentially sensitive data. Many research universities offer
assist and guidance for records safety via their IT

departments and through committed IT group of workers of
their academic departments. Researchers should consult
with their home group’s IT workforce in setting up records
security features, because the IT department may also have
guidelines and aid for specific security software program. In
addition to working with information safety specialists,
researchers must gather a working information of
information safety problems to make sure the clean
integration of security features into their studies workflow
and adherence to the relevant facts safety protocols.
Researchers need to additionally make certain that their
research assistants, students, implementing companions,
and facts companies have a fundamental information of
statistics protection protocols. Data-securitymeasuresmust
be calibrated to the danger of harm of a facts breach and
comprise any requirements imposed by means of the
information issuer. Harvard University’scategorygadget for
information sensitivity and corresponding requirementsfor
information protection illustrate how this calibration may
also function in exercise.
CLOUD STORAGE FOR BIG DATA
Beyond allowing customers to place all information into
cloud, cloud storage offers all varieties of records offerings
for customers. Because scale horizontally runs on cheap
commodity tough in a allotted configuration and there is no
want for customers to buy and preserve their very own IT
centers, cloud based totally big information shops brings in
inherent availability, scalability and value effectiveness.
III. STEGANOGRAPHY
Steganography actually way Covered Writing. It is the
system of hiding the secret data interior a cowl picture such
that most effective the meant receiver is aware of its life.
Internet performs an crucial role for records transmission
and statistics sharing. It is a worldwide and publicized
medium, some confidentialityfactsisprobablystolen,copied
changed or destroyed. Here security is a major problem so
we use steganography as a solution. Its intention is to hide
the fact that conversation is taking area. In the field of
Stenography, a few terminology has been developed. The
term cover is used to explain the authentic, innocent
message, facts, audio, nonetheless, video and so forth. The
growing possibilities of modem communications want the
unique means of security particularly on computer
community. The community security is turning into more
critical because the quantity of informationbeingexchanged
on the Internet increases. Therefore, the confidentiality and
information integrity are required to defend towards
unauthorized get right of entry to. This has led to an
explosive increase of the subject of statistics hiding. In
addition, the fast boom of publishing and broadcasting era
additionally calls for an alterativeanswerinhidingfacts.The
copyright of digital media inclusive of audio,videoandother
media available in digital shape may additionally cause
massive-scale unauthorized copying. This is due to the fact
the digital formats make it viable to offer excessive image
satisfactory even beneath multi-copying. Unauthorized
copying is of top notch trouble of specially to the music, film,
e book and software publishing industries. To triumph over
this hassle, some invisible statistics may be embeddedin the
virtual media in such a way that it couldn't be easily
extracted without a specialized technique. Information
hiding is an rising research vicinity, which encompasses
packages which includes copyright protection for digital
media, watermarking, fingerprinting, and Stenography .All
these packages of statistics hiding are quite numerous. In
watermarking packages,the messagecontainsstatisticssuch
as proprietor identity and a virtual time stamp, which is
typically carried out for copyright protection. This adds to
copyright records and makes it viable to trace any
unauthorized used of the facts set. Stenography hides the
secret message within the host information set and its
presence is imperceptible.
LSB
A least good sized bit insertion method is probably the most
well known photograph Stenography approach. It is a
common, simple method to embed facts in a graphical image
report. Unfortunately, it's far extremely at risk of attacks,
together with picture manipulation. A simple conversion
from a GIF or BMP format to a lossycompressionlayoutsuch
as JPEG can wreck the hidden records within the photo.
When applying 4LSB strategies to every bytes of a 8-bit
picture, one bit may be encoded to every pixel. Any
adjustments in the pixel bits may be indiscernible to the
human eye. The principal gain of 4LSB insertion is that facts
can be hidden in the closing 4 least full-size bits of pixel and
still the human eye might be unable to notice it.
TYPES AND MEDIA
Steganography can be labeled as pure, symmetric and
asymmetric. While pure steganography does not want any
exchange of records, symmetric and uneven want to change
of keys prior sending the messages. Steganography is fairly
dependent on the kind of media getting used to cover the
records. Medium being commonly used consist of textual
content, images, audio files, and network protocols utilized
in communitytransmissions. ImageSteganographyisusually
extra preferred media due to its harmlessness and
attraction. Additionally exchange of greetings through
virtual means is at the boom through the multiplied used of
the net and simplicity of consolationandflexibilityissending
them. Technology advancement in design of cameras and
virtual images being stored in cameras and then transfer to
PCs has also enhanced many folds. Secondly, the text
messages hidden inside the photos does now not distort the
image and there are strategies which only disturb most
effective one bit of an picture who’s effects is nearly
negligible on its quality. Applications of steganography may
be vast. It could have valid use to defend copyrights, to
essential confidentiality. It may be utilized by law breakers
to bypass facts which can also have particularly disastrous

results. One of the major drawbacks of steganographyisthat
you can still disguise very little factsinthemedia decided on.
BUILDING OF IMAGES
A digital photograph is “an array of numbers that represent
light intensities at numerous points” . These mild intensities
or pixels are combines to form the photo’s raster facts. The
pix may be of eight-bits or 24-bits. In GIF image size of each
pixel is 8 bits. In this format the colors are represented from
most used to least used shades. The photographs with 256
shades and pixel value of 640*480 sizes as much as 300
kilobits in which as a high resolution (1024*768)
photograph of 24 bits might also have size larger than 2
megabits. Although large size document facilitates larger
quantity of information to be hidden but moving larger size
on the internet can cause suspicious in addition to require
extra bandwidth accordingly highly-priced. Two varietiesof
record compression usually used to overcome above said
troubles are Lossy and Lossless compressions. It is worth
mentioning here that both of those strategies use separate
mechanisms however intention is same that is to lessen the
size of document to facilitate garage. JPEG (joint
photographic experts group) is an example of lossy
compression. Its advantage is that it saves extra area
however in doing so loses its originality. On the alternative
hand GIF (picture interchange layout) and BMP (bitmap
record) are Examples of lossless compression that is in
preferred recommended media sorts seeing that each of
those keep their originality. Any photo consist of three
primary colors specifically pink, inexperienced and blue,
These colors typically known as RGB together form a digital
photograph. As stated an photo is usually definedasrangeof
pixels. Each colour of a pixel includes a byte or eight bits and
carry sure statistics. Information is saved in the first bit of
each successive pixel. Since statisticsissavedinsidetheleast
substantial bit so equal does no longer affect thesatisfactory
of photo extensively. The entire messageisembedded inside
the photo on this way and outcomes have shown rarely any
degradation withinthephotographfirst-ratesametechnique
can be implemented within the video file. It is pertinent to
say here that this machine is the least comfy technique as
message is embedded in undeniable text in harmless
photographs to be transmitted to the locations. However its
security lies in blending up this image with hidden message
to be transmitted with heaps of other photos despatched of
their normal course of movement. Thousands of pix want to
be screened to find the desired photograph. It is of
paramount importance to select photo; famous paintings
should not be decided on, in reality regular pix have to be
selected. Presently BMPpixof800*600 pixelsarenotusually
visible on the Internet consequently its use could be
suspicious. In eight bit image, for the reason that hints to
entries inside the palette changed, therefore, change of even
one bit is fantastically major. Grey scale palettes because of
least reported sun shades are endorsed.
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
Fig.no:1
STEGANOGRAPHY Vs CRYPTOGRAPHY
Many a instances Steganography is associated with
Cryptography. It can be a deceptive statement with respect
to a Steganography approach. Steganography is associated
with Cryptography with the aid of meaning that each are
used for safety functions but with exceptional technique or
implementation. Steganographyis,alongwithCryptography,
a completely historic idea however its application varies in
step with rising technologies. It is pertinent to say right here
that both of these technology might not be taken as rival to
each other however they are able to play a completely
important role if these supplement each other.
TECHNIQUES
The steps in steganography include the writing the text
messages, encryption of the textual content message is one
of the alternatives available. Later, text is hidden in the
selected media and transmittedtorecipient.Atreceiverstop,
reverse system is applied to recover the original text
message. Various strategies used inside the art of
steganography is the preparations of various bits of the
characters of the textual content in an image or different
media. Keeping in mind the above, documents are wanted;
the image record and the textual content file that contains
the information. LSB affects the smallest adjustments of the
eight bits therefore it alters the photo to minimum. The
maximum not unusual approachusedisknownasLSB(Least
Significant Bit) Mechanism this is hiding if the facts in the
least sizable Bit (LSB) of the message. However, one in all its
primary limitations is small length of information whichcan
be embedded in such sort of images the usage of only LSB.
LSB is extraordinarily at risk of assaults. LSB techniques
implemented to 24 bit formats are tough to come across
opposite to eight bit format. The other strategies include
Masking and Filtering. It is generally related to JPEG. In this
technique image records is prolonged by covering secret
statistics over it. Therefore, specialists do now not
encompass this as a form of Steganography. All algorithms
hired for any sort of layout have pros and consand relyupon
the environments used. It additionally depends upon the

records to be embedded. Various techniques evolved were
compared.
EXTRACTION
The extraction technique takes vicinity on the receivingside
when the second celebration gets the Stegoimageandusesit
with the extraction software such that the name of the game
message will be extracted with none mistakes or
modifications. In fashionable, the embeddingmethod entails
cover picture to mystery message to Stego photograph,
whilst the extraction process runs in the opposite, in which
the Stego photograph is entered earlier than the secret
messages are extracted.
IV. ALGORITHMS
AES ALGORITHM
The greater famous and extensively adopted symmetric
encryption set of rules probably to be encountered
nowadays is the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). It is
observed as a minimum six time quicker than triple DES. A
alternative for DES changed into wanted as its key length
was too small. With increasing computing power, it changed
into taken into consideration inclined towards exhaustive
key seek attack. Triple DES turned into designed to conquer
this downside however it became found sluggish.
The functions of AES are as follows −
• Symmetric key symmetric block cipher
• 128-bit data, 128/192/256-bit keys
• Stronger and faster than Triple-DES
• Provide full specification and layout details
• Software implementable in C and Java
OPERATION OF AES
AES is an iterative as opposed to Feistel cipher. It is based
totally on ‘substitution–permutationcommunity’.Itcontains
of a sequence of related operations, some of which involve
changing inputs by using unique outputs (substitutions)and
others involve shuffling bits round (diversifications).
Interestingly, AES performs all its computations on bytes in
preference to bits. Hence, AES treats the 128 bits of a
plaintext block as 16 bytes. These 16 bytes are arranged in
four columns and four rows for processing as a matrix −
Unlike DES, the number of rounds in AES is variable and
depends at the period of the important thing. AES makesuse
of 10 rounds for 128-bit keys, 12roundsfor192-bitkeysand
14 rounds for 256-bit keys. Each of those rounds makes use
of a distinctive 128-bit round key, that's calculated from the
unique AES key.
CONCLUSION
Security mechanism in our scheme ensures the privateness
of grids data in cloud storage. Encryption secures the
transmission on the general public channel; confirmed
security scheme make the grids information simplest
accessed by means of authorized parties. The better
performance in terms of storage and computation make our
scheme greater sensible.
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