IRJET- IoT and PLC based Home Automation System with PV Inverter

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 06 | June 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3147
IOT AND PLC BASED HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM WITH PV INVERTER
Mathew Varghese1, Ameer Fayiz2, Athira Prasad3
1,2Student, Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MACE, Kerala, India
3Assistant Professor, Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering, MACE, Kerala, India
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Abstract - Typical IOT based smart home systems requires
Wi-Fi coverage for the whole area. This is usually done
using expensive routers. Also studies are going on to
confirm suspected harmful effects of Wi-Fi on human
health. We eliminate the need for this broad WI-FI
coverage for smart homes by communicating control
signals over the powerline itself. This can be used for
public systems like streetlights, bus stops etc. The system
consist of a pure sine wave solar inverter, a main PLC
control box and a control box at every switchboard. The
control unit is provided with internet access either via lan
cable or via WI-FI modem. All the switchboards and
appliances will be connected to the control unit via
existing powerline itself. We implement a UPS system with
lead acid battery and MPPT for the PV system. The main
control box is connected to the internet which enables the
whole system to be communicated remotely via a website
or mobile app. This also enables us to do the store and do
analytics on the usage pattern of households to predict
energy demand.
The inverter market is dominated by a few individuals and
majority of the companies buy rights from these proven
designers and this increases the cost of them. We aim to
make it open source so that engineering community can
work on it, contribute and thus benefit from the
knowledge generated by doing this project.
Key Words: IOT, PLC, Home automation, Pure sine
wave inverter, MPPT, Solar, PV inverter
1. INTRODUCTION
Electric generators transform kinetic energy into
electricity. This is the most used form for generating
electricity and is based on Faraday's law. It can be seen
experimentally by rotating a magnet within closed loops of
conducting material (e.g. copper wire). Almost all
commercial electrical generation is done using
electromagnetic induction, in which mechanical energy
forces a generator to rotate. This produces sine wave. This
sine wave is required to drive motors and mostly the
designs for various appliances are designed based on this
50 Hz 220V sine wave. Older inverters are based on square
wave and is not suitable for some applications like driving
an AC motor. The ever-increasing reliance on electronic
devices which utilize AC power highlights the problems
associated with the unexpected loss of power from the
electrical grid. In places where the electrical infrastructure
is not well-developed, brown-outs can prove fatal when
electronic medical instruments become unusable.
Therefore, there is a need for inexpensive and reliable
pure-sine wave inverters for use with medical devices in
the underdeveloped world. This report documents the
development of one component of an uninterruptible
power supply, the DC-to-AC inverter. Through the use of
analog signal processing techniques, a prototype which
efficiently and accurately emulates the pure-sine wave
power present on the power grid was created. The pure
sine wave inverter is created with the possibility of a
feedback-regulated system to be implemented in the
future.
A power line communication system is implemented to
enable telemetry and control of home appliances without
using expensive routers present in conventional IOT
systems. The MPPT charge controller associated with the
solar panel and battery increases the efficiency of the
system to as high as 95%
2. PROPOSED DESIGN
Figure 1-Hardware Block Diagram
The battery of the inverter is charged by a solar panel,
which is connected to an MPPT. The MPPT makes use of
maximum power point tracking algorithm to derive the
maximum available electrical power from the solar panel.
This power is fed to a charge controller, which in turn
charges a lead acid battery. Alternatively, battery can be
charged by rectifying the mains supply using a crossover
switch.
The pure sine wave inverter uses battery power and
converts DC to AC. The 220v 50Hz sinewave produced is
fed to the household appliances as power source. In the
main controller portion, an FSK signal is injected to the
220v 50Hz sinewave to facilitate powerline
communication using the powerline modem. At the
receiver end, this FSK signal is retrieved and demodulated

to obtain the corresponding signal. This communication
occur in half duplex mode using ALOHA algorithm. Any of
the PLC module can start communication.
An IOT modem is connected to the main microcontroller
which uses MQTT protocol with the help of thinger.io
platform to enable telemetry and control of appliances. A
mobile app is provided to the user, which enable him/her
to control the appliances and view the status of devices
remotely.
3. SOFTWARE BLOCK DIAGRAM
Figure 2-Software block diagram
The data from the microcontroller is sent to NodeMCU Wi-
Fi module using the UART protocol. This data is sent to
router using the JSON data format. An MQTT server is used
to send this JSON data to the IOT Dashboard. The IOT
Dashboard can also send this data to the mobile app so
that the user can control and monitor appliances remotely.
4. DEVELOPEMENT
The system consist of a base station, receiver node,
inverter, and MPPT systems.
Base station is the main controller system which
coordinates the communication of PLC to internet
Receiver node controls the appliances connected to it
Inverter produces pure sine wave from the battery
MPPT system ensure maximum power delivery from the
solar panel
1.1 MOSFET IRF540
RF540 is basically an N-Channel power Metal Oxide
Silicon Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) and operates in
enhancement mode. Mosfet is a lot sensitive in comparison
to an FET (Field Effect Transistor) due to its very high
input impdence. IRF540 can perform very fast switching as
compared to the normal transistor. If we need some
switching application between different signals or to
perform any of amplification process, MOSFET IRF540 will
be the best option in this case because it can perform very
fast switching as compared to the similar general
transistors. It has a very wide range of applications in real
life e.g. high power switching drivers for high speed,
switching regulators, relay drivers, switching converters,
motor drivers. Figure shows the image of IRF540.
Figure 3-IRF540
1.2 ACS712 Current Sensor
Figure 4-Current sensor module based on ACS712
It is a fully Integrated, Hall Effect-Based Linear Current
Sensor with 2.1 kVRMS Voltage Isolation and a Low-
Resistance Current Conductor. Sensing and controlling
current flow is a fundamental requirement in a wide
variety of applications including, over-current protection
circuits, battery chargers, switching mode power supplies,
digital watt meters, programmable current sources, etc.
This ACS721 current module is based on ACS712 sensor,
which can accurately detect AC or DC current. The

maximum AC or DC that can be detected can reach 30A,
and the present current signal can be read via analog I / O
port of Arduino
1.3 Solar Panel
The process of converting light (photons) to electricity
(voltage) is called the solar photovoltaic (PV) effect.
Photovoltaic solar cells convert sunlight directly into solar
power (electricity). They use thin layers of semi-
conducting material that is charged differently between
the top and bottom layers. The semi-conducting material
can be encased between a sheet of glass and/or a polymer
resin.
When exposed to daylight, electrons in the semi-
conducting material absorb the photons, causing them to
become highly energised. These move between the top and
bottom surfaces of the semi-conducting material. This
movement of electrons generates a current known as a
direct current (DC). This is then fed through an inverter,
which converts the power to alternating current (AC) for
use in your home.
1.4 PLC1672 Power Line Communication Module
Power line Modem is a communication module which
sends data on the 230 Volt mains power lines. Power line
communication module basically uses the existing power
lines to transfer both AC power as well as data
simultaneously. This form of communication is also known
as power-line carrier, power-line digital subscriber line
(PDSL), mains communication, power-line
telecommunications, or power-line networking (PLN).
This module provides bi directional communication in half
duplex mode i.e. it can either transmit or receive data at
one time but cannot do both at the same time. If the
module received data via power line it sends data via Tx
pin to your controller and if it receives data serially via
your microcontroller it switches to transmit mode and
sends data via the power line. The communication is quite
simple and any serial data at 9600 bps can be easily
transmitted via power line. The interfacing is also quite
simple just connect your controllers Tx line to Modules Rx
line and the controllers Rx line to the Modules Tx line and
you are ready to go. No need of any settings or anything
just a simple plug and play module.
1.5 ARDUINO
Figure 5-Arduino Uno
The Arduino UNO is an open-source microcontroller board
based on the Microchip Atmega328P microcontroller and
developed by Arduino.cc. The board is equipped with sets
of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be
interfaced to various expansion boards (shields) and other
circuits. The board has 14 Digital pins, 6 Analog pins, and
programmable with the Arduino IDE (Integrated
Development Environment) via a type B USB cable. It can
be powered by a USB cable or by an external 9 volt battery,
though it accepts voltages between 7 and 20 volts. The
Uno board and version 1.0 of Arduino Software (IDE) were
the reference versions of Arduino, now evolved to newer
releases. The Uno board is the first in a series of USB
Arduino boards, and the reference model for the Arduino
platform. The Atmega328 on the Arduino Uno comes
preprogrammed with a bootloader that allows uploading
new code to it without the use of an external hardware
programmer. It communicates using the original STK500
protocol. The Uno also differs from all preceding boards in
that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip.
Instead, it uses the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to
version R2) programmed as a USB-to-serial converter.
1.6 NodeMCU 1.0
NodeMCU is an open source IoT platform. It includes
firmware which runs on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC from
Espressif Systems, and hardware which is based on the
ESP-12 module. The term "NodeMCU" by default refers to
the firmware rather than the development kits. The
firmware uses the Lua scripting language. It is based on
the eLua project and built on the Espressif Non-OS SDK for
ESP8266.

Figure 6-NodeMCU 1.0
The ESP8266 is a low-cost Wi-Fi microchip with full
TCP/IP stack and microcontroller capability produced by
manufacturer Espressif Systems [in Shanghai, China.
Processor: L106 32-bit RISC microprocessor core based on
the Tensilica Xtensa Diamond Standard 106Micro running
at 80 MHz
1.7 MOSFET Driver TLP250
Figure 7-TLP250
The driver TL250 like other MOSFET drivers have input
stage and output stage. It also have power supply
configuration. TLP250 is more suitable for MOSFET and
IGBT. Here, IRF540 Mosfet is uesd. The main difference
between TLP250 and other MOSFET drivers is that
TLP250 MOSFET driver is optically isolated. Its mean
input and output of TLP250 mosfet driver is isolated from
each other. Its works like a optocoupler. Input stage have a
light emitting diode and output stage have photo diode.
Whenever input stage LED light falls on output stage photo
detector diode
5. CONCLUSIONS
The IOT and PLC based home automation system was
designed and working was verified. The Powerline
Communication circuitry could be expanded beyond 2
devices by parallel connection with the phase and neutral
wires. A solar panel was attached to the MPPT circuit and a
battery was charged using the solar power. The system
automatically cutoff charging when the battery is full and
thus proper operation of charging circuitry was verified.
The mobile app enhances the user experience by allowing
the user to monitor the devices while on the move. This
circuitry can be easily installed in a house after
incorporating an overload protection, low voltage cut off
and short circuit protection. This system could be easily
connected to grid using a changeover switch, which can be
electrically controlled. A two way meter could be
incorporated in the future to facilitate energy trading
based on advanced secure technologies like bitcoin.
Future collaboration and further development of this
project is facilitated using GitHub, which is a version
management system. The whole project is open source and
publicly available in
https://github.com/mathewvarghesemanu/MainProject_I
OT-PLC-inverter
REFERENCES
[1] Salman Salman, Xin Al, Zhouyang WU (2018) Design
of a P-&-O algorithm based MPPT charge controller
for a stand-alone 200W PV system
[2] Akarte, Vivek & Punse, Nitin & Dhanorkar, Ankush.
(2014). Power Line Communication Systems.
[3] Rayyan Azam Khan, Liaquat Ali Khan , Farzan Majeed
Noori, Zareena Kausar, and Aaqib Majeed(2016)
Design and Simulation of a Sine Wave Inverter with
PID Control for Nonlinear Load Applications ISSN
2351-8014 Vol. 26 No. 2 Sep. 2016
[4] Kirti P.Shinde (2017) a low-cost home automation
system based on power-line communication links
ISSN: 2320-2882
[5] Kodali, Ravi & Jain, Vishal & Bose, Suvadeep &
Boppana, Lakshmi. (2016). IoT based smart security
and home automation system. 1286-1289.
10.1109/CCAA.2016.7813916.
[6] Shumin Ding, Faqiang Wang, New Negative output
buck-boost converter with wide conversion ratio,
IEEE transactions on industrial electronics.

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