IRJET- Maximum Power Point Technique based Solar Charge Controller implemented Solar System

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3576
Maximum Power Point Technique based Solar Charge Controller
implemented Solar System
K.Gobinath1, S.Muthukrishnan2, S.Rajasekar3, R.Rajmohan4 and K.Jagatheesan5
1,2,3,4Under Graduate Students, Department of EEE, Paavai Engineering College, Namakkal
5Assistant Professor, Department of EEE, Paavai Engineering College, Namakkal
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Abstract - The basic needed of all human life require energy
for all regular activities. In this connection renewable energy
play major role because it is pollution free and lesser cost. The
renewable energy sources are like wind, biomass geothermal,
solar and hydro power. Within this, solar power is considered
in this work and solar energy is converted into electrical
energy for regular activities with help of Photovoltaic (PV)
cells. The main issue in solar power is the output voltage of
panel is varied with respect to solar radiation because of
climate condition. So, output voltage of panel is varied time to
time and input voltage given to the battery also varied. In
order to solve this crisis charge controller is implemented in
battery to regulate the output voltage of panel. In this work
MPPT technique-based charge controller is proposed for
output voltage regulation solar panel. The result clearlyrevels
that proposed MPPT based charge controller improved solar
energy utilization during different radiations conditions.
Key Words: Solar energy, Photovoltaic Cell, Maximum
Power Point Tracking (MPPT), Pulse Width Modulation
(PWM).
1.INTRODUCTION
Solar power is a conversion of energy from sunlight
(Radiation) into electricity.Solarpowerchangeswithrespect
to the temperature. Concentrated solar power system use
lenses or mirror and tracking system to focus a large area of
sunlight into small beam. Photovoltaic cell convert light into
electric current using photovoltaic effect [11]. The 392MW
Ivanpah installation is the largest concentrating solar power
plant in the world, located in the Mojave Desert in California.
Energy can be classified as two types,
1. Renewable energy sources
2. Non-Renewable energy sources.
1.1 Renewable Energy
Renewable energy is an energy it can useful for human
resources, without energy we can’t live in the world. Which
are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such
as Solar, Wind, Hydro, Geothermal and biomass power [17].
Renewable energy often provides energy in four important
areas:
1. Electricity generation
2. Water heating/cooling
3. Transportation
4. Rural (off-grid) energy services.
Renewable contributed 19.2% to humans' global energy
consumption and 23.7% to their generation of electricity in
2014 and 2015, respectively. This energy consumption is
divided as 8.9% coming from traditional biomass, 4.2% as
heat energy (modern biomass, geothermal and solar heat),
3.9%hydroelectricity and 2.2%iselectricityfromwind,solar,
geothermal, and biomass [12].
1.2 Non-renewable Energy
Non-renewable energy is located inside the earth.
Deforestation or landscape can occur in earth, plants are
going toinside the earth at that plant changingintofossilfuel,
oil, natural gas, coal and nuclear energy. A non-renewable
resource is a resource of economic value that cannot be
readily replaced by natural means on a level equal to
consumption. In these formations can taking value in 100
million years. Example of non-renewable energy is
petroleum; petroleum is extracted and turned into varietyof
fuel sources including petrol or gasoline, diesel, propane, jet
fuel, heating oil and paraffin wax [13].
1.3 Literature Survey
Aryabhata Pradhan and S.M Ali, Puspapriya Behera [1]
analyzed about the performance of batteryin PVcell.Battery
is a stored energy coming from PV module value. After that
voltage is given into inverter and it converts given DC supply
to AC supply for using domestic appliances. Battery can be
connected in series 48 volt and 150 Amp capacity batteries,
each battery having a 12-volt supply from the controller. PV
can produce a more amount of current it will control and
regulate the constant input supply to the battery.Sometimes
changing the climate condition does not produce required
amount of current at that time with help of optimizer. The
functionof optimizer can regulatepowerfromEBsupply.The
excess power can be stored in a batter and it act as backup it
can used rainy climate season or monsoon climate.
Aryabhata Pradhan.et.al. [2] The solar PV module can be
used for different applications. The current and voltage
characteristics can be changed with temperature and
isolation. Output of a PV module receive a maximum power

and load can be adjusting itself and according to maximum
power point tracking. PVmoduleproduceamaximumpower
at 17 volt and temperature (climate condition)250 C. During
changing the climate condition, the voltage value will be
changed. For an example350 C in a particular daythevoltage
value can be increased. At the charged power can be used
pumping water, street lighting and many Industrial
applications.
C.A. Osaretin and F.O. Edeko [3] discussed about charge
controller designingusing MPPT technique.Thistechniqueis
more economical and its work based on microcontroller at a
maximum charging rate at20A.Thechargingmoduleusedfor
PV system module monitoring the charging system. In a PV
system generate power from solar radiation depend upon a
climatic condition. Solar charge controller can maintain the
12V constant input supply given to the battery.
Dr. Anil S. Hiwale.et.al. [4] Maximum power point tracker
battery charger is proposed for extracting maximum power
from a Photovoltaic panel to charge the battery. The output
power of the PV system continuously varies with respect to
change in irradiation andtemperature. It isveryimportantto
improve the efficiency of charger.
Muhammad Riazul Hamid.et.al [5] Inthis work tokeepthe
design simple we have used Arduino Nano. It has features
like: LCD display, Led Indication and it is equipped with
various protections to protect the circuitry from abnormal
condition. This design is suitable for a 50W solar panel to
charge a commonly used 12V lead acid battery. As the
maximum power point (MPP) of photovoltaic (PV) power
generation systems change with changing atmospheric
conditions (e.g. solar radiation and temperature), an
important considerationin the designof efficientPV systems
is to track the MPP correctly. Wehave implemented themost
common MPPT algorithm named Perturb and Observe (PO)
to control the output of a synchronous buck-converter.
From the literature review it is clearly shows that charge
controller plays major role in solar system. In this regard
MPPT technique-based controller is implemented in this for
effective utilization of solar energy. This paper is organized
as follows Section “Investigation” gives the details
arrangement of proposed work, in section “Maximum point
tracking” describes about MPPT and its development.
Results are analyzed and discussed in section “Result and
Discussion” and finally “conclusion” give the conclusion
about proposed work and its advantage.
2.INVESTIGATION
In these proposed system, Solar panel is connected to the
optimizer. The optimizer is used to change the connection or
switch based on climate condition.Whenthereisnoradiation
from the sun at that time supply is taken from EB. Optimizer
is connected to the charge controller; it controls the supply
voltage of the battery. Battery can used to store the energy
during low load condition and stored can be utilized during
high load demand [14].
The arrangement of proposed solar system with charge
controller is shown in figure 1.
Fig- 1: Arrangement of proposed system
The proposed solar system consists of following
components. Such as,
1. Solar Panel
2. Charge Controller
3. Optimizer
4. Inverter
5. Battery
6. Load
Solar Panel convert sun light energy (Radiation) into useful
electrical energy. Charge controller maintainsconstantinput
voltage supply to the battery. Optimizer function is If the
current from solar panel, it can be varied by the climate
condition. So, the working condition of the solar panel is to
optimize the current both EB and solar supply.
The Inverter covert given DC supply in to AC supply. Battery
it is used to store the energy from solar panel. Load is device
it consumeselectrical supply from source and it convertinto
some useful work (Light, heat, Illuminations, etc.,). In this
proposed work inductive (Incandescent lamp) load is
considered for analysis [15].
3.Maximum power point tracking
Maximum power point tracking is a technique commonly
used with wind turbines and PV solar systems to maximize
power extraction under all conditions. Althoughsolar power
is mainly covered, the principle applies generally to sources
with variable power. PV solar systemsexist inmanydifferent
configurations with regard to their relationship to inverter
systems, external grids, battery banks, or other electrical
loads [2-5].
3.1 Block diagram of MPPT
The solar panel is connected to the DC-DC power converter
and controller. It consists of two sensorssuch as voltageand
current sensor [6].

The output of converter is connected to load and output
voltage is controlled by commend signal received from the
MPPT through DAC (Digital to AnalogConvertor)[10].Inthis
work incandescent lamp is considered as a load for analysis.
The block diagram of MPPT is shown in figure2.Itcomprises
solar panel, DC-DC convertor, DAC, MPPT and load.
Fig- 2: Block diagram of MPPT controller
Regardless of the ultimate destination of the solar power,
though, the central problem addressed by MPPT is that the
efficiency of power transfer from the solar cell depends on
both the amount of sunlight (Radiation) falling on the solar
panels and the electrical characteristics of the load. As the
amount of sunlight varies, the load characteristic that gives
the highest power transfer efficiency changes, so that the
efficiency of the system is optimized when the load
characteristic changes to keep the power transfer at highest
efficiency [7].
There are number of maximum power point tracking
(MPPT) methods available to operate the PV system at
maximum power point. The proposed system has used
Perturb & Observe (P&O) MPPT algorithm for the designand
implementation [8].
When irradiance and temperature are constant or slowly
varying, the P&O method tracks MPP steadily and calculate
the operating point at which the battery is capable of
producing maximum power. In this method, the controller
provides the PWM signal to adjust the voltage, adjustment is
done by Buck converter and measures power, if the power
increases, further adjustmentsin thatdirectionaretrieduntil
power no longer increases. At climatic condition are poor at
the controller stored in voltage it gives to the battery in
constant value. The value can be used to boost from buck
boost controller, at that controller voltage value can
increased or boost up from PV module to the controller [9].
4.Result analysis
The system analysis is made by comparing the amount of
energy utilized during the day time. The energy observed
during various time schedules and energy calculations are
tabulated and shown in Table 1.
TABLE I: COMPARISON OF SOLAR PANEL OUTPUT WITH
DIFFERENT TIME PERIOD
Time in
Hours
Solar
Output
Voltage
Solar
Output
Current
Load
(watts)
Utilization
%
9.30AM 42.5V 52.6A 2500W 89.2%
10AM 42.9V 52.9A 2500W 89.2%
10.30AM 43.1V 53A 2500W 89.2%
11AM 43.3V 53.1A 2500W 89.2%
11.30AM 47.5V 52.8A 2500W
89.2%
12AM 53.4V 55.3A 2500W 89.2%
12.30AM 55.3V 46.9A 2500W 89.2%
1.30PM 57.4V 52.8A 2500W 89.2%
2.0PM 59.4V 52.9A 2500W 89.2%
2.30PM 60.5V 55.O6A 2500W 89.2%
3.0PM 63.9V 55.1A 2500W 89.2%
3.3OPM 55.4V 56.4A 2500W 89.2%
4.0PM 50.4V 57.8A 2500W 89.2%
TABLE II: COMPARISON OF SOLAR RADIATION OUTPUT
WITH DIFFERENT TIME PERIOD
Time
Radiatio
n
(Btu)
Radiation
in watt
Max(w/m2
)
Radiation
in watt
Min(w/m2
)
Temperatur
e 0c
9.30 am 300 1140 897 27
10.00
am
300 1140 897 27
10.30
am
335 1085 995 27
11.00
am
340 1026 989 30
11.30
am
360 1147 1143 32
12.00
am
365 1165 1154 32
12.30
pm
384 1216 1214 33
1.00 pm 370 1150 1142 32
1.30 pm 340 1081 1076 31
2.00 pm 325 1028 1026 31
2.30 pm 308 986 973 27
3.00 pm 285 906 901 26
3.30 pm 280 900 890 26
4.00 pm 277 870 862 25
4.30 pm 260 850 845 25

As seen from the Table I and II it is clearly observed that
during the morning time maximum power is obtained as
1140w/m2 and the minimumpowerisobtainedas895w/m2
from the solar panel with the atmospheric temperature of
380c.
In the evening the maximum and minimum valueof power is
noted as 850 w/m2 and 845 w/m2 respectively with the
atmospheric temperature of 250 c.
5.CONCLUSIONS
Solar power is a renewable energy source and it is emitted
by sun. The main issue in solar panel is output voltage of
panel is varied with respect to time because of radiation. By
using MPPT technique-based charge controller the input
voltage given to battery is regulated as constant input
voltage. The maximum power point tracking technique-
based controller is clubbed with electrical.
The performance of proposed MPPT technique-based
controller performance is verifiedduringdifferentradiations
of sunlight during day time with different time interval. And
also, the performance is verified by connecting incandescent
lamp as load. It is clearly evident that proposed MPPT
technique-based controller improve the utilization of solar
power during different time period within the day time.
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BIOGRAPHIES
K. Gobinath, was born on July 20,1996,
currently graduate student in the
electrical engineering department,
Paavai Engineering College, Namakkal,
tamilnadu, India. His area of interest
includes Control System and Electrical
Machines.
S. Muthukrishnan, was born on
February 18,1997,currently graduate
student in the electrical engineering
department, Paavai Engineering
College, Namakkal, tamilnadu, India.
His area of interest includes Power
Plant Engineering.
S.Rajasekar , wasborn on May 19,1997,
currently graduate student in the
electrical engineering department,
includes Circuit Theory.
R.Rajmohan , was born on March
26,1997, currently graduate student in
the electrical engineering department,
includes Digital Logic Circuit.
K.Jagatheesan received his B.E degree
in electrical engineering in Hindusthan
College of Engg & Technology,
Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, and M.E.
degree in Applied Electronics in from
Paavai College of Engineering,
Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, . Now, he is
currently working towards the Ph.D.
degree with the faculty of Information
& Communication Engg, Anna
University Chennai, Chennai,

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