IRJET- Proof of Document using Multichain and Ethereum

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 07 Issue: 01 | Jan 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1495
Proof of Document using Multichain and Ethereum
Malika Acharya
Master of Technology, Department of Computer Science, Rajasthan Technical University,
Kota, Rajasthan.
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Abstract - In the past years, we have been hearing a lot about
cryptocurrency and Blockchain which has brought new scope
and technology into the hands of developers and common
man. Blockchain technology was first introduced in a
whitepaper which went like this : “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer
Electronic Cash System,”bySatoshiNakamotoin2008.Though
Blockchain being a completely new field, many companies are
trying to implement Blockchaintoo. ABlockchaincontainsofa
block which contains a hash of cryptography of the previous
block, timestamp and transaction data
Key Words: Multichain, Ethereum, Digital Signature.
Hash, AWS, Ether token
1. INTRODUCTION
Blockchain is one of the recent topics that have changed the
whole scenario of transaction intermediation. The
development of this has undoubtedly led to a complete
different world of the cryptography chain blocks. It is a
technology that allows transactions to be grouped in blocks
and being recorded, allows the ledger to be accessed by
different servers. The main player over here is the nodes
made by connecting two or more systems. The main feature
of this technology is information is distributed but not
copied. Originally this was whole and sole for the tech
community of digital currency but now its potential in other
field is also tested. The two other features that come in
forefront are first that there is no single point of failure and
second that it can’t be any one controller entity. It’s highly
durable and robust and though it’s still in the development
phase its addresses the two main requirements of
transaction which are transparent and incorruptible.
Accessible from anywhere this is the distributed ledgers
which are private and centralized making the Blockchain
distributed in nature due to its nodes. A distributed ledger
proves transactions and facts by generating random but
unique hash codes which can be checked afterwardsthatthe
file existed before. The basic idea of any large transaction
with nodes and peer to peer computing is of the distributed
and decentralized system and blockchain does not offer it
rather it’s the crux of the block chain.Thisdecentralizationis
the very soul of the transaction done using blockchain. In
today’s world the transactionisconsideredasworthongoing
if besides being secured and authenticatedit’salsoeconomic
and no doubt blockchain assures that the peer to peer
transaction happen in cost effective nature.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Multichain is attended only when two blockchain nodes
connect but the connection is aborted when there is no
desired result from the P2P connection. By default the
transaction fees and block incentive is null but you can set
these in param.dat file. We will build our tool using
multichain where customers don’t have to pay for using this
service, it is free of cost and there is no scope of loss for
us.[1] This will be providing a platform to all users to make
their documents secure and which cannot be hacked by
anyone. The main reason why the documents cannot be
hacked by anyone is the documents are uploaded the node.
[2] Only a unique hash code is generated for every
document. To verify the document later, the hash codes will
be matched and a perfect match means the document is
original and genuine. Many more new and advanced
definitions are being introduced in our Dapp where the
transaction will be done using wallets and tokens, every
newly registered customer will be provided a wallet and
some tokens in it which they will use for every transaction.If
someone is a one-time user and don’t want to register then
they can use our service by just paying the required ethers
for their transaction. [3]. We shall beprovidingwalletsto the
customers where they can transact using our own build
token using ethers. These tokens they have to buys from us
which will be a type of virtual money. These ethers will
decide how many documents the user can upload. Adding
both of them to the picture has made the POE more efficient
than all other POEs. This is because we are building our
Dapp at a whole new level where we are combining two
different platforms at a single place which no one has ever
done.[4] The timerelated blocksorganizationgivesthename
blockchain. The transaction in the same blocks areknownto
be committed at the synchronous time but elsethe existence
is considered to be ambiguous.[5] Wallet is the string of
letters that appear as address in blocks of blockchain during
a transaction where as the private key is a address field
whose identity is covert. The mix of both these is actual
criterion for the encryption forming the soul of blockchain
transaction. Once the validity of the block is established its
the transaction is rewarded a block and it’s that stage where
the information stored is considered to be the
irrevocable.[6]. Using both Multichain and Ethereum to be
implemented in the POE, the task is quite difficult to
maintain the nodes. And mainly, we are building our tool
using Ethereum blockchain where customershavetopayfor
using our service by the concept of virtual money.[7]

3. METHOLODOGY
3.1. TECHNOLOGY USED
The technologies used in the work are dived in two heads
firstly Web and secondly the Services.Thetechnologiesused
under each section are illustrated in the following section
briefly
3.1.1. WEB
1 HTML
Developed by Berner-Lee it is the most widely used to
develop web. It stands for Hyper Text Markup Language.
Hypertext stands for the link in the document that allow the
user to navigate to the other pages or other document
smoothly and securely. Markup Language is the procedural
communication of the presentation and computation
between the computers. HTML is tag based language
2 CSS
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) used in coordination with
HTML is used to set the layout of the WebPages. Generally
the separate CSS is preferred butnow-a-daysvariedversions
of the CSS are also available. The preference of separate CSS
sheet is high and above because on requirement of any
changes in the layout all you have to do is to access the CSS
sheet and make the changes
3 Java Script
A lightweight/JIT complied languagethatisusedwhenthere
is a need of the dynamic content and thus it is one of the 3
important languages that are needed for the webpage
development. Starting from the animation to photos to any
sort of dynamism in the webpageisthe whole-and-solestake
of the JavaScript. It is prototype-based language multi-
paradigm, dynamic language, supporting object-
oriented, imperative, and declarative.
4 JQuery
A cross-platform JavaScript Library developed explicitly for
the HTML scripting and document traversal, event handling
and AJAX etc, for making things simple and easy with the
handy API supporting variety in browsers and Operating
System. JavaScript though an easy and handy yet a code
intensive and comparatively lame. JQueryisthusconsidered
a better option to make the layout of the pages morealluring
and enticing
5 Bootstrap
A front end framework with high grid system and fast and
speedy to support dynamic content on web based
application. It aids in speedy loading and high
responsiveness in the content. The basic advantages of the
technology includes its high community support and
customizable framework with a very low rate of browser
bugs. Whatever may be the scenario, who ever may be the
developer the bootstrap always provides consistentcontent
in the dynamic frame
6 Scikit Learn
It is a library which is free softwaremachinelearningused in
Python Programming. It is basically coded in python. But for
performance issue it uses somealgorithmwhichiswrittenin
Python. Python implements vector machine which is a
wrapper around LIBSVM. It provides a variety of learning
algorithm by means of a reliable interface in Python. Before
using Scikit-learn we have to install a library which is built
upon a SciPy i.e. Scientific Python. The Libraryisparticularly
on modeling data. To support Python 2.7 we need scikit-
learn version 2.0.
3.1.2. SERVICES
1. AWS
A comprehensive cloud computing platform providing a
services IaaS, PaaS, SaaS. In our work on we are using
Ubuntu 16.04 LTS. Periodically upgraded by SmartAMI it
provides a reliable, economic, confidential and secured
environment for the development and deployment of the
application. It is the responsibility of the SmartAMI to
complete and fulfill all the dependencies that it requires.
Since it’s on AWS environment the work is run without any
issues. Provided by Canonical Group Limited the product is
secure and offers 29000packages to choose from
repositories.
2. Git Bash
A Microsoft Windows environment provision that is an
emulation layer for a Git command line experience. Bash
stands for BOURNE AGAIN SHELL. A shell canbedefined asa
terminal application used to interface with an operating
system through written commands.Bashisa populardefault
shell on Linux and MacOS. Git Bash is used as a tool for
installation of Bash comprises of 2 parts:
 Git: A version control system (VCS)usedtotrack file
changes.
 Bash: A very common UNIX shell command line
interface.
3. Multichain[8]
A perfect platform for the deployment of the private
blockchain, multichain is supported by the Windows, Mac,
Linux servers. Putting the simple API and command-line
interface in the solution lineage it aims at the following:
 Making the blockchain activitytransparentto selected
participants
 Transaction controls being permitted
 Data mining is done securely and at a minimum costs

4. API by Slim Framework[9]
Slim was first developed by Josh Lockhart in2013sincethen
this has been the most popular PHP framework that allows
the developers to design the application easily and thus has
proved to be the great competitor forotherPHPframeworks
like Larvel, Symphony, etc. There are certain pre-requisites
that are imperative to begin with the framework:
i. PHP
ii. Composer
iii. Git
1. Composer
PHP has some dependencies that need to be sorted and
Composer does the same by allowing thedevelopertoattach
the libraries needed. To quote this there is a difference
between composer and package mangers like Yum or Apt. It
does not do any installation in the global level but all it does
is decide on the pre-work on basis. It very clearly allows the
user to decide the libraries on which your work on depends
2. Libphp-multichin by Kunstmaan Labs.
To overcome the shortcomings of blockchain that count to
limited capacity, irrelevant data, transaction costs, single
asset this multichain fork solution was developed
3.2. METHODOLOGY
1. Proof of existence is the application that shall proofthe
existence of any particular document.
First we need to build a front-end for the work on using
HTML, CSS, JS, jQuery & Bootstrap. Using the Bootstrap
template , the front-end will be created which is of form
structure requesting to provide user related information
then a space showing file to generate POE, at that particular
area we need to drag and drop the JSON file for which the
hash code needs to be generated. Then by using jQuery,
coding of SHA-256 Hash generator has to be done. The
header.php file is created using JQuery which is included in
the index.php file.
2. Working on AWS :
Create Amazon machine image of Ubuntu 16.04 LTS with in
bound security group of – 1. HTTP TCP 80 SSH TCP 22 and
outbound security group allowing all. Generating a new key
pair and downloading it to connect with our AMI in future.
Download git-bash and -ssh commandisusedforconnecting
our local machine with the instance. LAMP is installed on
Ubuntu for web services.
3. Working on Multichain[10]
Creating a new blockchain based on Multichain’s default
parameters is the primary work and forthis wefirststart the
blockchain and then generate the genesis and block.
Creating a stream (by creating stream we will be able to use
some storage for storing and retrieval of data). Publish our
first data using key and value.
4. Creating API
With this we aim to create an API format that is done using
Composer. After downloading composer we install slim
framework and then Xampp for the localhost. A demo is
created and tested on the localhost to check get and post
methods are working or not. On success of demo, libphp –
multichain by kuntsmaanLabsisinstalledinslimframework
3.3. INSIGHT TO SYSTEM
1. Web interface
Web page is first insight to the paper. The language for
designing the front page is javaScript.Thepageshowsup the
menu for various services.
2. Hash Code Generation
With the extensive use of the JQUERY we can easily develop
the SHA 256 hash code generatorpurviewthatwill generate
a hash code and will provide the digital signature wallet so
required.
3. Results
Fig1 : Setup Amazon We Services EC2 Instance with
Apache, PHP, MySQL

Fig 2: Starting multichain(multichain [chain-name] -
demon)(chain-name is the name of our multichain)
Fig3: API form
Fig 4: Digital signature generated
On creating a PoE we have will be able to see the PoE link
and this will serve the purpose. The result so generated will
be accompanied by the timestamp so that the usercancheck
all the previous attempts chronologically with the served
token. After uploading the document what is retained at the
Ethereum end is the unambiguous proof of the document
that serves the purpose of the work on and details the
subject efficaciously. One can easily check the details of the
generated signatures.
The work on embarks on establishingtheconsolidated proof
of existence of the document in the simple process of
matching the hash code and then generating a required
digital signature using Ethereum and multichain.
4. FUTURE WORK
The future scope of the work on is vast and varied. The
application can be used in different disciples and will be of
worth. Some of them are discussed below:
i. Food supply chain using iot and machine learning:
For checking purity of milk usingBlockchainsetting
a benchmark for milk purity.
ii. In University/Colleges,verificationofdocuments e.g
registration, marksheets, certificates, etc. The
medium through which the documents in
Universities is removed. Faster verification is done
and forgery of documents is prevented.
iii. In hospitals and clinics,verificationofprescriptions,
reports, patient’s profile, etc. All typesofreportsare
given a particular timestamp to record the time at
which the patient is checked.
iv. In companies, industries, factories, all types of data.
Customers, employees and all others have personal
and work related data which needs to be protected
and secured.
v. Land Agreements and all types of agreements. The
third party for land agreements charges huge
amount of money for settlements. POE can easily
remove that because the document can be easily be
verified by the help of POE.
Voting systems: Unique id can be generated having different
timestamps can be used for voting. One vote can be casted
from a unique id having a different timestamp. Thus from
one id, only one vote can be casted which is uploaded in the
Blockchain thus can be accessed with a key.
5. CONCLUSIONS
The paper aims to analyse the system and its utility in terms
of real time models and baseline istheconsolidated percepts
of information provided.
The system of Proof-of-Existence using Multichain and
Ethereum Blockchain is not only going to help people at all
sectors but also a very useful servicetocommonpeople.This
work on can settle land agreements, rental agreements, all
types of academic details of students of schools andcolleges.
It will make these types of data secure by its unique hash
generation and its ability to connect itself through nodes

thus available almost all the time. Thus, this work on can be
our biggest solution to various manual verification by
officials and gazetted officers. This system will remove all
types of third party involvementinall social andgovernment
matters in terms of records and documents.
The concept of tokens and ethers will also keep a count of
the services being used by customers. As the Multichain
service is free of cost, customers can try the service of our
work on then make it more secure using Ethereum part of it.
This system will create a huge revolution in industry where
first we have to make everyone familiar with the Blockchain
technology as very few people know about this emerging
technology. Thus, this work may provide a kick-start to the
many undiscovered technologies hiding beneath it[11]
REFERENCES
[1]. Yli-Huumo J, Ko D, Choi S, Park S, Smolander K (2016)
Where Is Current Research on Blockchain
Technology?—A Systematic Review. PLoS ONE
11(10): e0163477
[2]. Atzori, Marcella, Blockchain-Based Architecturesforthe
Internet of Things: A Survey (2016).
[3]. Crosby MA, Pattanayak P, Verma S, Kalyanaraman V
(2016) BlockChain Technology:Beyond Bitcoin.
Applied Innovation, No. 2, pp. 6–10
[4]. Kim, Henry M. and Laskowski,Marek (2016)Towards an
Ontology-Driven BlockchainDesign for Supply Chain
Provenance. CoRRabs/1610.02922.
[5]. Sun J, Yan J, Zhang K (2016) Blockchain-based Sharing
Services: What BlockchainTechnologyCanContribute
to Smart Cities[J]. Financial Innovation.
[6]. Xu J (2016) Are Blockchains Immune to All Malicious
Attacks? [J]. Financial Innovation
[7].Mario Dobrovnik, David Herold, ElmarFürst and
Sebastian Kummer Journal: Logistics,2018,Volume2,
Number 3
[8]. Atzei, N., Bartoletti, M., Cimoli, T.: A survey of attacks on
Ethereum smart contracts (SoK). In: Maffei, M., Ryan,
M. (eds.) POST 2017. LNCS, vol. 10204, pp. 164–186.
Springer, Heidelberg (2017).
[9]. Bhargavan, K., Delignat-Lavaud, A., Fournet, C.,
Gollamudi, A., Gonthier, G., Kobeissi, N., Kulatova, N.,
Rastogi, A., Sibut-Pinote, T., Swamy, N., Zanella-
Béguelin, S.: Formal verifica tion of smart contracts:
short paper.
[10]. Bartoletti, M., Pompianu, L.: An empirical analysis of
smart contracts: platforms, applications, and design
patterns
[11]. Nærland K, Müller -Bloch C, Beck R, Palmund S (2017)
Blockchain to rule the waves—nascent design
principles for reducing risk and uncertainty in
decentralized environments
BIOGRAPHIES
Malika Acharya,ispursuingMaster
Of Technology in Rajasthan
Technical University. She owns
great interests indocumentssafety
and is keen to learn newer
technologies and integratethemto
new and innovative projects.

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