IRJET- Study and Performance Evaluation of Different Symmetric Key Cryptography Technique for Encryption

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 05 | May 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1151
Study and Performance Evaluation of Different Symmetric Key
Cryptography Technique for Encryption
Preethi Hebbar1, Pratheeksha Hegde2, Shailesh Nayak3, Sambhav Kerni4, Rajgopal K T5
1,2,3,4Student, Dept. of computer science and engineering, CEC, Karnataka, India
5Professor, Dept. of computer science and engineering, CEC, Karnataka, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Technology is growing day-to-day. In order to
have a better and faster technology, information security is
a must. This requires data authentication at the execution
levels. Cryptography is a useful tool through which secure
data independency can be established. Cryptography
technique uses two basic operations namely encryption and
decryption. A large number of cryptographic techniques
have been proposed and implemented so far. The two main
characteristics that identify and differentiate one
encryption algorithm from another are its ability to secure
the protected data against attacks and its speed and
efficiency in doing so. Proposed project provides a
performance comparison between four of the most common
encryption algorithms: DES, 3DES, Blowfish and AES. The
comparative analysis is done by considering different
criteria. Symmetric key cryptography is a cryptographic
technique in which the same key is used by both sender and
receiver. The advantage of symmetric key cryptographic
technique is its less computational cost compared to public
key cryptography technique.
Key Words: Symmetric key cryptography, AES, DES,
Blowfish, One-time pad
1. INTRODUCTION
The process of concealing the messages to introduce
secrecy in information is considered as cryptography. The
process of hiding a message is encryption. The output
obtained after encryption is ciphertext. The process of
obtaining plaintext from ciphertext is decryption.
Cryptography is the technique of using mathematics to
encrypt and decrypt data. Cryptography helps us to store
sensitive information and allows only intended receiver to
access it. Symmetric-key algorithm use the same keys for
both encryption and decryption.
AES stands for Advanced Encryption Standard. It is known
as block cipher with a block length of 128 bits. AES
supports three key sizes, they are 128, 192, and 256 bits.
The AES is also known as Rijndael. The design principle
used in AES is known as a substitution permutation
network.
DES stands for Data Encryption Standard which is a
symmetric-key algorithm for the encryption of electronic
data. The key size used in DES is 56 bits and is small
therefore DES is insecure.
Another symmetric key cryptographic algorithm is which
is a symmetric key block cipher. Blowfish takes input as a
variable length key, varying from 32 bits to 448 bits, which
can be used for domestic purpose. Blowfish algorithm is
considered to be a general-purpose algorithm and was
designed by Schneier.
One-time pad is an encryption method that cannot be
cracked and it requires the use of one-time pre-shared key
which is of size same or longer than the original message.
Since it can be computed by hand with only pencil and
paper it is used in hypothetical espionage situations.
This paper presents performance analysis for different
cryptography technique so that unauthorized users cannot
access the data. The criteria considered for performance
analysis are file size, file type, time required for encryption
and decryption and block size.
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
Diaa Salama Abd Eliminaam, Hatem Mohamed Abdual
Kader and Mohiy Mohamed Hadhoud “Evaluating the
performance of Symmetric Encryption Algorithms”: This
paper provides evaluation of six of the most common
encryption algorithms namely: AES (Rijndael), DES, 3DES,
RC2, Blowfish, and RC6. A comparative analysis has been
conducted based on different sizes of data blocks, different
key sizes and finally encryption/decryption speed. Key
understanding is in the case of changing packet size,
Blowfish has better performance than any other
algorithm.3DES has low performance compared to
algorithm DES.RC2 has disadvantage over all other
algorithms in terms of time consumption. AES has best
performance than RC2, DES and 3DES.[1]
Aamer Nadeem, Dr. M Younus Javed “A performance
comparison of data encryption algorithms”: This paper
revolves around the four of the popular secret key
encryption algorithms, that is, DES, 3DES, AES and the
Blowfish. Input to the processing algorithm is data files of
varying size and format. The algorithms were
implemented, and were tested on two different hardware
platforms, to compare their performance. The four
symmetric key algorithms are in the following order, as

regards their performance: Blowfish(fastest), DES, AES,
3DES (slowest). This approach failed to analyse the
performance/security trade-off in greater depth.[2]
Pria Bharti, Roopali Soni “A new approach of data hiding in
images using cryptography and steganography”: In this
paper propose a new method to embed data in colour
images. 4 bits data can be embedded in a 4*4 block and
some blue part of pixels need to be changed on average.
Experimental results show that the method is very
efficient especially when applied to those binary images
whose colour pixels are distributed nearly uniformly.[3]
Piyush Marwaha, Paresh Marwaha “Visual Cryptographic
steganography in images”: This method can be used to
increase the security on web-based applications. The user
should provide the secret key and the password can be
compared from image files using the key. It can be used as
advancement over the existing option to input the security
phrase in various web-based applications.[4]
Saleh Saraireh “A secure data communication system
using cryptography and steganography”: In this paper a
high security model uses both cryptography and
Steganography has been developed. The encryption of the
data is done by filter bank cipher. Discrete wavelet
transform is used to embed encrypted data in a cover
image. PSNR and histogram are used to evaluate the
performance. The results showed that, the PSNR of the
proposed system are high, which ensure the invisibility of
the hidden message through the cover image. Also, the
histograms of the stage and cover images are very close to
each other, which ensure the resistivity of the proposed
system against the attacks.[5]
Jawahar Thakur, Nagesh Kumar “DES, AES and Blowfish:
Symmetric Key Cryptography Algorithms Simulation
Based Performance Analysis”: This paper provides a fair
comparison between three most common symmetric key
cryptography algorithms: DES, AES, and Blowfish. The
results showed that Blowfish has a better performance
than other common encryption algorithms used. AES
showed poor performance when compared to other
algorithms. Using CBC mode has added extra processing
time, but overall it was relatively negligible especially for
certain application that requires more secure encryption
to a relatively large data block. When compared to ECB
and CBC, OFB showed better performance but require
more processing time than CFB. Overall time differences
between all modes are negligible.[6]
Priti Sehgal, Sarvesh Rawat, 3Saurabh Kaushik, Shafaq Ali,
Rohit Yadav “Hiding encrypted text using text and image
steganography: A dual steganographic technique”: Due to
the exponential growth of internet users, unauthorized
access of information has become one of the most
significant problems. There is always a constant fear of
hackers and other unwanted users for they might attack
and gain access to important data, passwords or any other
covert information. Therefore, to provide more security to
the information at the time of communication over
unsecured channel, dual steganography, an advance
technique for data security is needed. In this paper, we
propose a highly secure dual steganography technique
which takes the secret message and hides it in three
phases. First it encrypts the secret message using vigenere
cipher then it applies whitespace text steganography
technique and lastly it hides the cover text in cover image
using LSB image steganography technique. The Final Stego
image is looking perfectly intact and has high PSNR value
and low MSE value. Hence, an unintended observer will
not be aware of existence of the secret message inside the
cover image.[7]
Septimiu Fabian Mare, Mircea Vladutiu and Lucian Prodan
“Secret data communication system using Steganography,
AES and RSA”: This paper introduces steganography as an
additional security layer that covers the entire
communication process by using harmless images (as seen
from a third party). The data travels through finely
modified and enhanced pixel colours, indistinguishable for
both human and computerized analysis. Breaching such a
system would imply intercepting, identifying, extracting,
reverse engineering and decoding.[8]
Ajit Singh, Swati Malik “Securing Data by Using
Cryptography with Steganography”: In this paper two
layers of security i.e. cryptography and steganography are
used which makes it difficult to detect the presence of
hidden message. But in some cases, if the eavesdropper
has attacked the carrier of message then he will not be
able to get the original message as all the relevant data
here is in encrypted form. For cryptography Blowfish
algorithm is used which is much better than AES and DES.
In order to break blowfish algorithm, he has to spend a lot
of time and effort for trying several attacks and getting the
original message. Although both of these techniques are
easy to implement but their combination will provide
much efficient and reliable security.[9]
Ako Muhamad Abdullah “Advanced Encryption Standard
(AES) Algorithm to Encrypt and Decrypt Data”: Using
internet and network are increasing rapidly. Various kind
of algorithms are available to encrypt data. Advanced
encryption standard (AES) algorithm is widely supported
and adopted on hardware and software. This paper
describes a number of important features of AES
algorithm and presents some previous researches that
have done on it to evaluate the performance of AES to
encrypt data under different parameters. According to the
results obtained from researches shows that AES has the
ability to provide much more security compared to other
algorithms like DES, 3DES etc. [10]

3. PROPOSED WORK
In this project, four main algorithms are considered like
AES, DES, Blowfish and one-time pad. Different steps
involved in AES are: deriving set of round keys from
cipher keys, adding the initial round key to the starting
address, performing exact nine rounds of state
manipulation, doing tenth and final round and giving final
array output as encrypted data. Steps involved inn DES are:
dividing data into 64-bit blocks, performing initial
permutation, dividing blocks into left and right (each of 32
bits), performing permutation and combination for 16
times, joining of left and right parts again and inversing
permutation. Main steps involved in Blowfish algorithms
are key expansion and encryption. In one-time pad, the
key length should be same as the message length. For the
key and plaintext, modulo 26 is applied. Again modulo 26
is used for values obtained after subtracting key value
from the cipher text. Since the key size of DES is too small,
combination of DES and Blowfish.
Fig -1: Architecture Diagram for performance evaluation
Input can be text files, image, audio or video. After
encryption, encrypted file is given to decryption
procedure which decrypts and provides original file as the
output. graph is generated by taking time and file size as x-
axis and y-axis respectively.
Fig-2: Bar chart showing time taken by all
algorithms
Fig-3 Bar chart of overall performance
4. CONCLUSION
Data should be sent from one user to another user in a
secure way. Information security plays a major role in this.
In this paper, various symmetric key cryptographic
algorithms are considered. Performance evaluation of
these algorithms are done by measuring several
parameters like type of file, size of file and time needed to
encrypt and decrypt. DES needs more time to encrypt and
decrypt. DES is insecure because of smaller key size. AES is
better when compared to DES because of its key size and
time required for encryption and decryption. Key size of
DES is too small. So, combination of DES and Blowfish is
implemented. Time required for combination is more than
the time required for individual algorithm, but provides
robust security. In AES time required for encryption is
more than decryption because in AES encryption, CBC
technique is used. Key size should same as plaintext’s size
in one-time pad and it is really difficult to break.
REFERENCES
[1] Diaa Salama Abd Eliminaam, Hatem Mohamed Abdual
Kader and Mohiy Mohamed Hadhoud- “Evaluating the
performance of Symmetric Encryption Algorithms”.
International Journal of Network Security, Vol.10, No.3,
PP.213{219, May 2010.} 213-219.
[2] Aamer Nadeem, Dr M.Younus Javed-“A Performance
Comparison of Data Encryption Algorithms”.
Department of Computer Engineering, College of
Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National
University of Sciences and Technology, Rawalpindi,
Pakistan. 07803-9421-6/05/$20.00 ©2005 IEEE.84-
89.
[3] Pria Bharti, Roopali Soni- “A New Approach of Data
Hiding in Images using Cryptography and
Steganography”. International Journal of Computer
Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 58– No.18,
November 2012. 1-5

[4] Piyush Marwaha1, Paresh Marwaha2- “Visual
Cryptographic Steganography in images”. 2010
Second International conference on Computing,
Communication and Networking Technologies. 978-1-
4244-6589-7/10/$26.00 ©2010 IEEE
[5] Saleh Saraireh- “A secure data communication system
using cryptography and steganography”. International
Journal of Computer Networks & Communications
(IJCNC) Vol.5, No.3, May 2013. 125-137.
[6] Jawahar Thakur, Nagesh Kumar- “DES, AES and
Blowfish: Symmetric key cryptography algorithms
simulation-based performance analysis”. International
Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced
Engineering Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-
2459, Volume 1, Issue 2, December 2011). 6-12.
[7] Priti Sehgal, Sarvesh Rawat, Saurabh Kaushik, Shafaq
Ali, Rohit Yadav- “Hiding encrypted text using text and
image steganography:A dual steganographic
technique”. International Journal of Electrical,
Electronics and Data Communication, ISSN: 2320-
2084 Volume-5, Issue-7, Jul.-2017. Hiding Encrypted
text using text and Image Steganography: A Dual
Steganographic Technique. 54-57.
[8] Septimiu Fabian Mare, Mircea Vladutiu and Lucian
Prodan- “Secret data communication system using
Steganography, AES and RSA”. 2011 IEEE 17th
International Symposium for Design and Technology
in Electronic Packaging (SIITME). 978-1-4577-1277-
7/11/$26.00 ©2011 IEEE. 20-23 Oct 2011, Timisoara,
Romania. 339-344.
[9] Ajit Singh, Swati Malik- “Securing Data by Using
Cryptography with Steganography”. International
Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science
and Software Engineering. © 2013, IJARCSSE All
Rights Reserved. 404-409.
[10] Ako Muhamad Abdullah- “Advanced Encryption
Standard (AES) Algorithm to Encrypt and Decrypt
Data”. Cryptography and Network Security.
Publication Date: June 16, 2017.

IRJET- Study and Performance Evaluation of Different Symmetric Key Cryptography Technique for Encryption

More Related Content

What's hot (18)

Similar to IRJET- Study and Performance Evaluation of Different Symmetric Key Cryptography Technique for Encryption (20)

More from IRJET Journal (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

IRJET- Study and Performance Evaluation of Different Symmetric Key Cryptography Technique for Encryption