IRJET-Smart Farm Application: A Modern Farming Technique using Android Application
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This document describes the design of an automated solar-powered lawn mower called the Automated Mower Robo. It uses an Arduino board and ultrasonic sensors to cut grass automatically while avoiding obstacles. The mower is powered by a 12V battery that charges from an attached solar panel. It was tested on different grass types and was able to cut the grass shorter than the expected height, showing 90% efficiency. The mower provides an environmentally friendly alternative to gas-powered mowers by using solar energy for an automated grass cutting system.
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 343
AUTOMATED MOWER ROBO
Mr. Shinde Vaibhav Tanaji1, Mr.Chavan Swaroop Chandrakant2, Mr.Parulekar Sharvarish
Shashikant3, Mr. Gavali Omkar Raju4, Mr. Gokhale Shantanu Bhalchandra5
1,2,3,4,5 Department of Mechanical Engineering, KIT’s College of Engineering, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract -A normal grass cutter moving with IC enginewill
run based on the energy from petrol. The major drawbacks of
this technology are high running cost; create noise pollution
and air pollution. Also, an IC engine requires periodic
maintenance such as changing the engine oil, mechanical
maintenance. It is an innovative technology of cutting grass
without any pollution, electric solar grass cutter are
environmentally friendly. Nowadays, the labor charge is
increased day by day. This technology can help the peoplewho
are living in rural areas. This project is mainly proposal for
reduce the manpower and usage of electricity. The system
control is done by the Schmitt trigger circuit. Thegrass cutter
and vehicle motors are interfaced to a Schmitt trigger circuit
that controls the working of all the motor.
Key Words: Robotic Grass Cutter, Grass Cutter Robot,
Mower Robo
1.INTRODUCTION
A lawn mower is a machine that is used to cut grass
in a lawn. The blades of the lawn mower are generally
powered by pushing the mower forward. Lawn mowers are
classified based on different criteria. For example,according
to the axis of rotation of blades we may have reel lawn
mowers (in which the axis is horizontal) and rotary lawn
mowers (in which the axis is vertical).The reel (cylindrical)
lawn mower is found to be better. Rotary mowers are often
powered either by an internal combustion engines or an
electric motor and are generally mowed manually, with the
engine only spinning the cutting blades. Rotary mowers are
generally have opening by the side of the housing through
which cut grasses are expelled. Some are attached with a
grass collector at the exit point. The blade is seldom sharp
enough to give a neat cutting point. The bladesimplycutsthe
grass resulting in brown tips. Over the years, there have
been numerous developments in lawn mower technology.
But with technological advancement there also arises the
need to check the impact of machines on the environmentas
well as on man. Pollution is the major concern with the
conventional gas powered lawn mower. Human effort is
another factor that needs to be reduced. Solar Powered
Lawn Mower it is the design of a microcontrollerand sensor
based robotic lawn mower mechanism. Thisroboticmowing
device is solar powered and its battery gets charged from
sunlight while mowing on the lawn or even manually.
Ultrasonic sensors is used for avoiding obstacles.Thisdesign
is targeted as an alternate green option against the popular
but environmentally hazardous gas powered lawn mower.
The design is built on a mobile robot which communicates
with a smartphone through aBluetoothmodule.mowerrobo
uses solar energy with the help of a solar panel and solar
photovoltaic cells to run an electric motor. Also this mover
robo can be used automatically by using arduino and
ultrasonic sensor for obstacle detection.
We performed detailed analysis to estimate the torque
produced in the blade and whether it is sufficient to perform
the intended job. After design and development of the lawn
mower, it is tested on four different species of grass. We
tried to develop a height adjustable mechanism for the
cutting blade.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
This “solar powered vision based robotic lawn
mower” is an autonomous lawn mower that will allow the
user to the ability to cut their grass with minimal effort[8].
Unlikeother robotic lawn mowerson the market,thisdesign
requiresno perimeter wiresto maintain therobotwithinthe
lawn and also with less human effort in the manual mode
operation. There are International Journal of Research In
Science & Engineering e-ISSN: 2394-8299 Volume:3Issue:2
March-April 2017 p-ISSN: 2394-8280 IJRISE JOURNAL|
www.ijrise.org|editor@ijrise.org [277-281] some preset
pattern installed in the robot, in the automatic mode
operation no human effort needed for the operation and
helps to cut different patterns in the lawn very easily with
less time. Through an array of sensors safety takes major
consideration in the device, this robot will not only stay on
the lawn, it will avoid and detect objects and humans. And
also it detect the land boundaries and startmowinguponthe
predefine pattern with the help of installed camera and
MATLAB program. The Solar Powered Automatic Lawn
Mower “Lawn Buddy”. This project is an autonomous lawn
mower that will allow the user to cut their grass with
minimal effort. Unlike other robotic lawn mowers in the
market, this design requiresno perimeter wires to maintain
the robot within the lawn. Through an array of sensors, this
robot will notonly stay within the lawn, but it will also avoid
and detect objects and humans. This design is still in the
prototype stage due to financial and time constraints. The
Smart Lawn Mower for Grass Trimming[4].The present
technology commonly used for trimming the grass is by
using the manually handledevice. In this project we have
automated the machine for trimming the grass. The device
consists of linear blade which is operated with the help of](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v5i175-180312065331/85/IRJET-Smart-Farm-Application-A-Modern-Farming-Technique-using-Android-Application-1-320.jpg)
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 346
I = 5/12
I = 420ma
Time required to charge battery :Batterycurrent/solaro/p=
1300/420
~ 3 hrs
Fig -6: CUTTER IN ACTION
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION :
Table -1: Calculated Results
Sample plot
Height
average height of
the grass before
mowing (mm)
Average
average
height of the
grass after
mowing (mm)
Average
Expected
height of the
grass after
mowing (mm)
Average
Elephant grass 230 80 90
Stubborn grass 234 84 90
Spare grass 111 80 80
Carpet grass 70.5 - -
The solar powered lawnmower is designed and developed.
Test is carried out using four species of grass and the result
obtained is summarized aspresented in Table 1. FromTable
1, the average height of the grasses after mowing is lesser
than the expected after the machine is adjusted to a height
for the four species of grasses. Less time is spent in cutting
the grasses. The efficiency of the machine is found 90%.
6. CONCLUSION :
In the world today, all machines are designed with
the aim of reducing or eliminating greenhousegasemissions
which is the major causes of climate change. This solar
powered lawn mower will meet the challenge of
environmental production and low cost of operation since
there is no cost for fueling. A solar powered lawn mowerhas
been developed for the use of residences andestablishments
that have lawns where tractor driven mowers could not be
used. The machine’scapacity isadequateforitspurpose.The
machine has proved to be a possible replacement for the
gasoline powered lawn mowers.
Fig -7: AUTOMATED MOWER ROBO WORKING
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to gratefully and sincerely thank to our
professor Mr. Mihir Kulkarni, Department of Mechnical
Engineering, KIT’s College of Engineering, Kolhapur for his
guidance, understanding and most importantly help.
REFERENCES
[1] Khurmi and Gupta (2000)
[2] US RE 8560, Passmore, Everett G., "Improvement in
Lawn-Mowers", published 23 February 1869
[3] 1869, issued 28 January 1879; see pg 1, col 2. Foracopy,
see Google Patents copy. This source indicates the
patent number as "6,080". According to "British patent
numbers 1617 -1852 (old series)", the patent number
would have been assigned sometime after 1852 and
taken the form of "6080/1830".
[4] [ Ernest L. Hall. A Survey of Robot Lawn Mowers,
Available from: Ernest L. Hall Retrieved on: 06 October
2015
[5] Technical Solutions, J. Hammond and R. Rafaels, “Build
the Lawn Ranger,” Radio Electronics, June 1990, pp. 31-
49.
[6] Robert Zondlo, U.S. Patent 5,461,292,Remotecontrolled
guidance system for working vehicle ,October 24, 1995.
Andre Colens, U.S. Patent 5,444,965, Continuous and
autonomous mowing system , August 29, 1995.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v5i175-180312065331/85/IRJET-Smart-Farm-Application-A-Modern-Farming-Technique-using-Android-Application-4-320.jpg)
IRJET-Smart Farm Application: A Modern Farming Technique using Android Application
- 1. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 343 AUTOMATED MOWER ROBO Mr. Shinde Vaibhav Tanaji1, Mr.Chavan Swaroop Chandrakant2, Mr.Parulekar Sharvarish Shashikant3, Mr. Gavali Omkar Raju4, Mr. Gokhale Shantanu Bhalchandra5 1,2,3,4,5 Department of Mechanical Engineering, KIT’s College of Engineering, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract -A normal grass cutter moving with IC enginewill run based on the energy from petrol. The major drawbacks of this technology are high running cost; create noise pollution and air pollution. Also, an IC engine requires periodic maintenance such as changing the engine oil, mechanical maintenance. It is an innovative technology of cutting grass without any pollution, electric solar grass cutter are environmentally friendly. Nowadays, the labor charge is increased day by day. This technology can help the peoplewho are living in rural areas. This project is mainly proposal for reduce the manpower and usage of electricity. The system control is done by the Schmitt trigger circuit. Thegrass cutter and vehicle motors are interfaced to a Schmitt trigger circuit that controls the working of all the motor. Key Words: Robotic Grass Cutter, Grass Cutter Robot, Mower Robo 1.INTRODUCTION A lawn mower is a machine that is used to cut grass in a lawn. The blades of the lawn mower are generally powered by pushing the mower forward. Lawn mowers are classified based on different criteria. For example,according to the axis of rotation of blades we may have reel lawn mowers (in which the axis is horizontal) and rotary lawn mowers (in which the axis is vertical).The reel (cylindrical) lawn mower is found to be better. Rotary mowers are often powered either by an internal combustion engines or an electric motor and are generally mowed manually, with the engine only spinning the cutting blades. Rotary mowers are generally have opening by the side of the housing through which cut grasses are expelled. Some are attached with a grass collector at the exit point. The blade is seldom sharp enough to give a neat cutting point. The bladesimplycutsthe grass resulting in brown tips. Over the years, there have been numerous developments in lawn mower technology. But with technological advancement there also arises the need to check the impact of machines on the environmentas well as on man. Pollution is the major concern with the conventional gas powered lawn mower. Human effort is another factor that needs to be reduced. Solar Powered Lawn Mower it is the design of a microcontrollerand sensor based robotic lawn mower mechanism. Thisroboticmowing device is solar powered and its battery gets charged from sunlight while mowing on the lawn or even manually. Ultrasonic sensors is used for avoiding obstacles.Thisdesign is targeted as an alternate green option against the popular but environmentally hazardous gas powered lawn mower. The design is built on a mobile robot which communicates with a smartphone through aBluetoothmodule.mowerrobo uses solar energy with the help of a solar panel and solar photovoltaic cells to run an electric motor. Also this mover robo can be used automatically by using arduino and ultrasonic sensor for obstacle detection. We performed detailed analysis to estimate the torque produced in the blade and whether it is sufficient to perform the intended job. After design and development of the lawn mower, it is tested on four different species of grass. We tried to develop a height adjustable mechanism for the cutting blade. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW This “solar powered vision based robotic lawn mower” is an autonomous lawn mower that will allow the user to the ability to cut their grass with minimal effort[8]. Unlikeother robotic lawn mowerson the market,thisdesign requiresno perimeter wiresto maintain therobotwithinthe lawn and also with less human effort in the manual mode operation. There are International Journal of Research In Science & Engineering e-ISSN: 2394-8299 Volume:3Issue:2 March-April 2017 p-ISSN: 2394-8280 IJRISE JOURNAL| www.ijrise.org|editor@ijrise.org [277-281] some preset pattern installed in the robot, in the automatic mode operation no human effort needed for the operation and helps to cut different patterns in the lawn very easily with less time. Through an array of sensors safety takes major consideration in the device, this robot will not only stay on the lawn, it will avoid and detect objects and humans. And also it detect the land boundaries and startmowinguponthe predefine pattern with the help of installed camera and MATLAB program. The Solar Powered Automatic Lawn Mower “Lawn Buddy”. This project is an autonomous lawn mower that will allow the user to cut their grass with minimal effort. Unlike other robotic lawn mowers in the market, this design requiresno perimeter wires to maintain the robot within the lawn. Through an array of sensors, this robot will notonly stay within the lawn, but it will also avoid and detect objects and humans. This design is still in the prototype stage due to financial and time constraints. The Smart Lawn Mower for Grass Trimming[4].The present technology commonly used for trimming the grass is by using the manually handledevice. In this project we have automated the machine for trimming the grass. The device consists of linear blade which is operated with the help of
- 2. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 344 the motor the power supply for the motor is by using battery. The battery can be charge by using power supply and solar panel. In case of any obstacles in the path it is sensed by using an IR sensor. If there is any variation then the device using free direction sensor and find the new path to travel. The above feature is enabled so that the damage to the hardware of the device is avoided. In future the automation of the device will play a vital role in world wide. Mowing device is solar powered and itsbattery getscharged from sunlight while mowing on the lawn or even manually. Ultrasonic sensors is used for avoiding obstacles.Thisdesign is targeted as an alternate green option against the popular but environmentally hazardous gas powered lawn mower. The design is built on a mobile robot which communicates with a smart phone through a Bluetooth module. mower robo uses solar energy with the help of a solar panel and solar photovoltaic cells to run an electric motor. Also this mover Robo can be used automatically by using arduinoand ultrasonic sensor for obstacle detection. We performed detailed analysis to estimate the torque produced in the blade and whether it is sufficient to perform the intended job. After design and development of the lawn mower, it is tested on four different speciesof grass. We tried to develop a height adjustable mechanism for the cutting blade. Fig -1: AUTOMATED MOWER ROBO 3.COMPONENTS USED 1. Arduino uno 2. Motor drivers (L298N) 3. Bluetooth Module 4. Battery (12 V, 1.3Ah) 5. Solar panel (12 V, 5W) 6. DC motors 7. Cutting Blade (Steel) 8. Ultrasonic Sensor module 3.1 ARDUINO UNO : Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. Arduinoboardsareable to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing something online. You can tell your board what to do by sending a set of instructions to the microcontroller on the board. To do so you use the Arduino programming language (based on Wiring), and the Arduino Software (IDE), based on Processing. In this Automated mower robo arduino is as main microcontroller for this robo. The Bluetooth module and ultrasonic sensor is connected to this board on digital and analog pins. With proper programming on arduino board mower can be used automatically. Fig -2: ARDUINO UNO Why Arduino : 1. Open source and extensible hardware 2. Open source and extensible software 3. Simple, clear programming environment 4. Cross-platform 5. Inexpensive 3.2 ULTRASONIC MODULE SENSOR : An Ultrasonic sensor is a device that can measure the distance to an object by using sound waves. It measures distance by sending out a sound wave at a specific frequency and listening for that sound wave to bounce back. By recording the elapsed time between the sound wave being generated and the sound wave bouncing back, it is possible to calculate the distance between the sonar sensor and the object.
- 3. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 345 Fig -3: ULTRASONIC MODULE SENSOR 3.3 BLUETOOTH MODULE : HC‐ 05 module is an easy to use Bluetooth SPP (Serial Port Protocol) module, designed for transparent wireless serial connection setup.The HC-05 Bluetooth Module can be used in a Master or Slave configuration, making it a great solution for wireless communication. This serial port bluetooth module is fully qualified Bluetooth V2.0+EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) 3Mbps Modulation with complete 2.4GHz radio transceiver andbaseband.ItusesCSR Bluecore 04‐ External single chip Rluetooth system with CMOS technology and with AFH (Adaptive Frequency Hopping Feature). Fig -4: BLUETOOTH MODULE 3.4 BATTERY Batteries are available in various volts and ampere hour range. To determine the one to use, consideration was given to the voltage and the ampere hour rating.,12Vbattery was selected. The ampere hour measures the length of time the battery will discharge while in use and is not charging. 1.3ampere hour battery will givea 1.3amp of currentforone hour and the current required by the motor is lessthan that. We used one motor of 420mAh and four motors of 220mAh in which two motors are in series with other two motors. 220+220+420 = 860mAh< 1300mAh Fig -5: AUTOMATED MOWER ROBO WORKING 4. DESIGN ANALYSIS : In designing the cutting blade, the force required to cut the lawn as well as the force acting on the blade was considered. The force required by any sharp object to have impact on the grass is less than 10 Newton. It is also dependent on the height, density and the areacoveredbythe object (Atkins, 1984). Therefore, in designing the blade of the solar powered lawn mower, the force required for effective mowing should be greater than 10 Newton. A stainlesssteel is used in the construction of the cuttingblade because of its strength and weight which can transmit same speed as that of the DC motor or a little less cause of friction. Shearing force of most annual grasses found on most lawns is usually between 9.2N to 11.51N. Force required by cutting blade to shear the grassisgivenby F=T/R, where T= shaft torque R=radius of cutting blade= 0.075m T= P/(2*3.14*N) where P= power developed by shaft N=Speed of motor=1450 rpm P= V*I = 12*420= 5040W T= 5040/6280= 0.8025 Nm F= T/R = 0.8025/0.075 =10.7 N Which is in given range SOLAR PANEL CALCULATION: VOLT = 12 V WATT = 5 W W = V X I 5 = 12 X I
- 4. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 346 I = 5/12 I = 420ma Time required to charge battery :Batterycurrent/solaro/p= 1300/420 ~ 3 hrs Fig -6: CUTTER IN ACTION 5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Table -1: Calculated Results Sample plot Height average height of the grass before mowing (mm) Average average height of the grass after mowing (mm) Average Expected height of the grass after mowing (mm) Average Elephant grass 230 80 90 Stubborn grass 234 84 90 Spare grass 111 80 80 Carpet grass 70.5 - - The solar powered lawnmower is designed and developed. Test is carried out using four species of grass and the result obtained is summarized aspresented in Table 1. FromTable 1, the average height of the grasses after mowing is lesser than the expected after the machine is adjusted to a height for the four species of grasses. Less time is spent in cutting the grasses. The efficiency of the machine is found 90%. 6. CONCLUSION : In the world today, all machines are designed with the aim of reducing or eliminating greenhousegasemissions which is the major causes of climate change. This solar powered lawn mower will meet the challenge of environmental production and low cost of operation since there is no cost for fueling. A solar powered lawn mowerhas been developed for the use of residences andestablishments that have lawns where tractor driven mowers could not be used. The machine’scapacity isadequateforitspurpose.The machine has proved to be a possible replacement for the gasoline powered lawn mowers. Fig -7: AUTOMATED MOWER ROBO WORKING ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to gratefully and sincerely thank to our professor Mr. Mihir Kulkarni, Department of Mechnical Engineering, KIT’s College of Engineering, Kolhapur for his guidance, understanding and most importantly help. REFERENCES [1] Khurmi and Gupta (2000) [2] US RE 8560, Passmore, Everett G., "Improvement in Lawn-Mowers", published 23 February 1869 [3] 1869, issued 28 January 1879; see pg 1, col 2. Foracopy, see Google Patents copy. This source indicates the patent number as "6,080". According to "British patent numbers 1617 -1852 (old series)", the patent number would have been assigned sometime after 1852 and taken the form of "6080/1830". [4] [ Ernest L. Hall. A Survey of Robot Lawn Mowers, Available from: Ernest L. Hall Retrieved on: 06 October 2015 [5] Technical Solutions, J. Hammond and R. Rafaels, “Build the Lawn Ranger,” Radio Electronics, June 1990, pp. 31- 49. [6] Robert Zondlo, U.S. Patent 5,461,292,Remotecontrolled guidance system for working vehicle ,October 24, 1995. Andre Colens, U.S. Patent 5,444,965, Continuous and autonomous mowing system , August 29, 1995.