Is 848 2006

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है”ह”ह
IS 848 (2006): Specification for Synthetic Resin Adhesives
for Plywood (Phenolic And Aminoplastic) - [CED 20: Wood and
other Lignocellulosic products]

IS 848: 2006
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Indian Standard
SYNTHETIC RESIN ADHESIVES FOR PLYWOOD
(PHENOLIC AND AMINOPLASTIC) - SPECIFICATION
( Second Revision)
res790.060.10; 83.180
C BIS 2006
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEWDELHI 110002
July 2006 Price Group 3

AMENJ)MENT N(). 1 AlJ(~lJSI' 2007
T()
IS 848 : 2006 SYNTI1ETIC Rf4:SIN ADHESIVES
FOR PLYWOOD (PH.:NOLIC AND
AMINOPLASTIC) - SPECIFICATION
( Second Revision )
(Page 2, Table I) - Insertthe following Note at the end ot the table
NO11 - 1he cycles of dr}mg or soakmgcan be made lip of a numberof shorter pcnods of drymg or
-oakmg In such mxtancesthe specimenshall be kept In air at 27 ± 2°t III between the shorter penods
consunnmg the drying cycle and be kept submerged III water at 27 ± 2°t III between the shorter
pcnods constuunng the soakmgcycle
(CFD 20)
Reprography Unit B1S New Deihl India
.. ~ OAO • .,nnt:.

Wood and Other Lignocellulosic ProductsSectionalCommittee,CEO20
FOREWORD
ThisIndianStandard(SecondRevision)wasadoptedby the Bureauof IndianStandards,afterthedraft finalized by the
Woodand Other Lignocellulosic ProductsSectionalCommitteehad been approvedbythe Civil EngineeringDivision
Council.
Adhesives fonn one of the most importantraw materialsused in the plywoodindustryand woodworking andjoinery
industry. Theselectionoftheadhesivesandtheirproperusesare importantfactorscontrollingthequalityoftheplywood
or the joinery work produced.There has been enormousimprovement in the quality of indigenousraw materialsfor
adhesives.
Tl)jsstandard was first published in 1957. The first revision was issued in 1974 based on experiencegained in the
manufacture and useof syntheticresinadhesives.Inthepresentrevision,thetestmethodshavebeenmodifiedtoassess
the perfonnance of the adhesive for manufactureof variousgrades of plywood.The test methodsare based on the
studiescarriedout at IndianPlywoodIndustriesResearch and TrainingInstituteand foundto be suitablefor plywood
madewithforestgrownas well as plantationtimber,whilemeetingthe end use requirements.
Inthe formulation of this standard, due weightagehas been givento internationalco-ordination amongthe standards
and practicesprevailingin differentcountriesinadditionto relatingit to the practices in the field in this country.
Forthepurposeof decidingwhethera particularrequirementofthisstandardiscompliedwith,thefinalvalue,observed
or calculated,expressingthe resultofa test or analysis,shallbe roundedoff in accordancewith IS 2: 1960'Rules for
roundingoffnumericalvaluestrevisedy . The numberof significantplacesretained inthe roundedofTvalueshouldbe
the sameas that of the specifiedvalue in this standard.

IS 848: 2006
Indian Standard
SYNTHETIC RESIN ADHESIVES FOR PLYWOOD
(PHENOLIC AND AMINOPLASTIC) - SPECIFICATION
( Second Revision)
1 SCOPE
TillS standard prescribes the requirements for phenolic
and ammoplasnc synthetic resin adhesives used 10 the
plywood industry, covering liquid, powder and film
adhesives
2 REFERENCES
The standards lasted below COl I. provisrons which
throughreferencemthistext,constituteprovisions of this
standard Atthetimeof'pubhcation,theedinons indicated
werevalid Allstandardsare subjectto revisronandparties
to agreementsbased on this standard are encouraged to
mvestigate the possibihty of applying the most recent
edmons of the standards indicatedbelow
adhesive SUItable for use only 10 those joints where the
surfacesto bejoined maybe broughtIntoclosecontactby
meansofadequatepressureandwheregluelineexceed109
o12mmmay be avoided withcertaimty
3.1.2.2 Gap filling adhesive - AnadhesiveSUitable for
use 10 thosejomts wherethe surfacesto bejomed mayor
maynot be 10 close or contmuouscontactowingeitherto
impossibrhty of applyingadequate pressure or to slight
maccuraciesIn machmmg
3.1.3 Extender - A substance added to the adhesive
eitherto reducethecostofglumgor to reducepenetration
throughthe veneersor both
3 TERMINOLOGY
3.1.5 Fortifier - AsubstanceusedpnmanIyto Improve
the waterresistanceand durabihty of hot settingresms
3.1.6 Hardener (Catalyst) - Amatenal addedto resmto
brmgabout or promotethe curmgof resin
3.1.4 Filler- An mertsubstance,suchas woodflouror
metaloxide added to alter the charactensncs of the resm,
forexampleto reduce brittlenessof the syntheticresmor
to mhibrt excess penetration of the resm mto veneer or
wood The term 'filler' IS sometimessynonymously used
with 'extender'
Tille
Glossary of terms applicable to timber
technology and uuhzanon isecond
revtstont
1734 Methods of test for plywood
(Part 1) 1983 Deterrnmation of densityand moisture
content (second revisions
(Part 5) 1983 Test for adhesion of plies (second
revision)
IS No
707 1976
3.1 Forthe purposeof this standard,thedefirnnonsgiven
10 IS707 and the followmgshall apply
3.1.7 Pot life - The time between the mixmg of the
constituentparts of an adhesive and ItS reachmgthe age
whenIt IS no longerusable
3.1.1 Assembly TIme
3.1.1.1 Openassemblytime - Thetimeelapsingbetween
the apphcation of the adhesive and assembly of joint
components
3.1.1.2 Closed assembly time - The time elapsing
between assembly of the JOint components and the
apphcationof pressureand temperature
3.1.2 Adhesive
3.1.2.1 Closed contact adhesive - A non-gap-filhng
3.1.8 ShelfLife - The period up to whichadhesiveor
adhesivecomponentsmaybestoredWithout affectmgtheir
SUItability for use 10 accordance With the standard
3.1.9 Spreadof'Adhesive- The area 10 m2
of thesurface
of substratecovered by 1 kg of sohd/hquid resin
3.1.10 Synthetic ReSIn - Amorphousorganicmaterials
produced by the polymerizationor condensation of one,
twoor lessfrequentlythree relativelySImple compounds
The term IS also applied now-a-days to chemically
modifiednaturalresms The propertiesof'synthencresms
canvaryWidely depend109 upontheirbasicrawmaterials,

IS 848: 2006
proportions andconditionsof manufacture. Allsynthetic
resins are classified broadly as thermosetting or
thermoplastic.
3.1.11 Phenolic Synthetic Resin - Aphenolicsynthetic
resin is derived from the reaction of phenol with an
aldehyde.
3.1.12 Amtnoplasuc Synthetic Resin - Anaminoplastic
synthetic resin is derived from the reactionof urea,thio-
urea,melamine or alliedcompoundsor mixturesof these
compounds with formaldehyde.
3.1.13 Synthetic Resin Adhesive - A composition,
substantially consistingof a syntheticresin of either the
phenolic or aminoplastic type including any hardening
agent,fortifier, filleror extender,whichmaybe required
to be added before use according to the manufacturer's
instructions.
4 TYPES
Dependingupontheirdegreeof resistance, syntheticresin
adhesives for plywood shall be of the three types as
specifiedinTable 1.Thecharacteristicsofeachtypeshall
beasgiveninTableI. Fortheguidanceofusersinselecting
thegradeof resinadhesivesatisfyingtherequirements for
practical work, recommended use of each type is also
indicatedin Table 1.
5 KEEPING QUALITIES
Thekeepingqualitiesofresinadhesives shallbeasfollows:
a) Liquid Resin Adhesives - The adhesives shall
comply withthe requirementsspecifiedin 7, after
the resin and hardener have been stored in the
original closed containers according to the
manufacturer's instructions up to the date
recommended by the manufacturer.
Table 1 Characteristics of Different Types of Synthetic Resin Adhesives
(Clauses 4 and 7.3.2)
81 Type CydlcTest Criteria of ('onformity Recommended Use
No.
(I) (2) (3) (4) (5)
I) BWP SIX cycles,each cycleconsisung Noseparationofphes at theedges Adhesivesof the type have been
(BOiling WaterProof) of 8 h borhng In water and and/or surface at the end of SIX proved to make JOints highly
thereafterdryingat 65 ± 2°Cfor cycles resistant to weather. cold and
16 h On forcible separation of plies boilingwater,steamanddryheat
WIth knife. wood failureshall be
predominant and shall be more
than 75% for excellentbond and
not less than 50% for pass
standard Forlessthan50%wood
failure. the specimen shall be
consideredas failed
II) BWR Three cycles. each cycle Noseparationofpliesat theedges Jomts made of this type of
(BOIling WaterResistant) conslstangof8 hboilmg mwatcr and/orsurfaceat the end of three adhesivesWill surviveexposureto
and thereafterdryingat 6S± 20C cycles weatherforonlya fewyears They
for 16 h On forcible separation of phe~
Will Withstand cold water
WIth kmfe, woodfailureshall be mdefimtelyand borlmgwaterfor
predommant and shall be more a limitedpenod
than 75% forexcellentbond and
standard Forlessthan50%wood
failure, the specimen shall be
consideredas failed
Ill) MR Three cycles. each cycle Noseparauonof pliesat theedges Jomts madeWith theseadhesives
(MOisture Resistant) consisting of 3 h at 60 :t 2°C an and/orsurfaceat the end of three withstand cold water for a long
water and thereafter drymg at cycles periodandhot waterfora limited
65:t 2°Cfor8 h On forcible separation of plies time. but fall in boilingwater
With knife. woodfailureshall be
predommant and shall be more
than 75% for excellentbond and
standard for lessthan50%wood
failure. the specimen shall be
consideredas failed
2

b) Film/Powder Resin Adhesives - The adhesives
shall comply with the requirements specified in 7,
after these have been stored in accordance with the
manufacturer's written instructions up to the date
recommended by the manufacturer.
6 INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
6.1 The manufacturer shall furnish written instructions
detailing the manner in which each resin or recommended
combination of resin(s), hardener(s), filler, fortifier and
extender shall be used. The instructions shall give
information in the manner indicated under 6.2 and 6.3, as
applicable.
6.2 Shelf-Life of Adhesive or Adhesive Components
The manufacturer shall specify the shelf-life of the
adhesive or adhesive components.
6.3 Preparation for Use
The preparation of resin, hardener, fortifier, filler and
extender, methods of mixing, recommended types of
mixing, apparatus and necessary precautions ofany kind
shall be stated.
6.4 Usable Life of Mixed Adhesive or Pot Life
The maximum time shall be stated during which the
adhesive maintained at temperatures of 15°C, 20°C, 25°C,
30°C, 40°C and 45°C would remain fit for use so as to
comply with the requirements ofthis standard.
6.5 Applications
Guidance on the following points shall be given:
a) Range ofmoisture content ofwood, at the time of
gluing;
b) Preparation of wood surfaces;
c) Method(s) ofapplication, such as single or double
spread;
d) Normal amounts ofspread for single glue line;
e) Maximum and minimum open and closed assembly
times;
f) Recommended range of temperature in °C and
specific pressure in kg/em";
g) Recommended pressing time for given thickness
in minutes;
h) Post treatment offinished products;
j) Cleaning ofcontainers; and
k} Tests.
6.6 Setting Times and Conditions
The recommended range of temperature to which the
3
IS 848: 2006
adhesives in any glue line may be subjected and also the
minimum and maximum time for which pressure shall be
maintained on flat panels at temperatures within therange
shall be stated.
7 TESTS
7.1 Sampling
A representative sample shall be drawn from each batch
of adhesive. Such sample shall in each case be tested
separately and not be bulked with other samples or
otherwise averaged.
7.2 Preparation of Test Pieces
The test pieces shall be prepared according to the
instructions given in Annex A. Veneers used for the
preparation of test pieces shall comply with the
requirements specified in A-I.
7.3 Cyclic Test
7.3.1 Test specimens shall be prepared in accordance
with 7.2.
7.3.2 Test specimens have to be tested as per the
schedule given in Table I, under cyclic test for BWP,
BWR or MR types.
7.3.3 After cyclic test in accordance with 7.3.2, each
specimen shall be further examined/tested in manner
specified in 7.3.3.1 and 7.3.3.2.
7.3.3.1 Visual examination shall be carried out at the edge/
surface of the specimen to find out whether any
delamination/separation of plies have taken place.
7.3.3.1 Forcible separation of plies shall be carried out
by the knife test method described in IS 1734 (Part 5).
7.3.4 Criteriaa/Conformity
The specimens, when tested in the manner specified
in 7.3.2 and 7.3.3 shall conform to the criteria of
conformity given in Table 1.
7.4 Acidity and Alkalinity (PH)
The pH of the adhesive, when set, shall be not less than
2.0. The pH shall be determined by the method described
in Annex B.
8 RETEST
In the event of failure to comply with any of the
requirements specified under 7.3 to 7.4. the batch of
material concerned shall be retested in respect of such
requirement(s). In the event of failure of retest, the batch
shall be rejected.

IS 848: 2006
9 MARKING
9.1 Eachcontainershall be legiblyand indeliblymarked
withthe following:
a) Manufacturer'snameor distinguishingmark,
b) Description of material,
c) Batchnumber,
d) Dateof manufacture,
e) The date beyond which the adhesive components
shall not be used when stored under conditions
recommended bythe manufacturer,
f) Reference to the manufacturer's instructions for
use, and
g) The words 'To bestored in a cool dry place'.
9.1.1 SIS Certification Marking
Each container may also be marked with the Standard
Mark.
9.1.1.1 The use of the Standard Markisgovernedby the
provisionsof the Bureau ofIndia" StandardsAct, 1986
andtheRulesandRegulations madethereunder. Thedetails
of the conditions under which the licencefor the use of
the Standard Mark may be granted to the manufacturers
or producersmay be obtained from the Bureauof Indian
Standards.
ANNEXA
(Clause 7.2)
METHOD OF PREPARATION OF TEST PIECES
A-I VENEERS FOR TEST PIECES
A-I.I Veneers shall be rotary cut from species actually
used by the manufacturer or be supplied by the resin
manufacturer alongwiththe resin sample. 1.6 mm thick
veneerwiththegrowthringsapproximatelyparalleltothe
faceshallbe used.
A-l.2 The veneers shall be smooth cut on both faces,
straightgrainedand free fromall defects,at leastoverthe
area that will form the middlecommonlengthof the test
pieces and may be lightly sanded. Elsewhere the
occurrenceof slight defects, such as small uplifts,small
live knots and distorted grain may be disregarded.The
moisturecontentof the veneerswhendeterminedby the
methoddescribed in IS 1734(Part 1) shall be 6.0 ± 2.0
percentforaminoplastic resinwhenusedinliquidadhesive
formand 12.0 ± 2.0 percentfor powder/film adhesive,as
maybe recommended by the manufacturer.
A-2 PREPARATION OF ADHESIVE
Theadhesiveshallbe preparedand usedaccordingto the
instructions suppliedby the manufacturer.
A-3 CONSTRUCTION OF TEST BOARDS
Thetest boardsshall be constructedby bondingtogether
threeveneersof 1.6mmthickassuppliedorrecommended
by the resinmanufacturer. The size of the board shall be
4
such that all the test pieces required for testing can be
takenoutofthe sameboard leavinga marginof25 mrnon
the four edges. The grain of the core veneer shall be at
rightangle to that of the two face veneers.The prepared
adhesivemaybeappliedto bothsidesof thecoreor tothe
inner surface of each face veneer or as directed by the
manufacturerof the resin, but care shall be taken in all
cases to ensurethat the adhesive is uniformly spreadand
the surfacescompletelycoated.The veneersshallthenbe
assembledand loadedonto a flat platen press withinthe
time specified in the manufacturer's instructions. The
pressingconditionsshall be as recommended bytheresin
manufacturer. Film glues shall be employed by simple
inter-leaving and in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions.
A-4 CONDITIONING OF TEST BOARDS
Immediately afterremovalfromthe press,theboardsshall
be given a special treatment if stipulated by the
manufacturer. The boards shall then be exposed at
prevailinglaboratoryatmosphericconditionsina manner
to ensure a free circulationof air around them for six to
ninedays,or forsuchtimeas themanufacturer maydirect.
A-5 PREPARATION OF TEST PIECES
Afterconditioningof the test boards, six test specimens
of size 125 rnm x 125 mm having full thicknessof the
board shall be prepared fromtwo boards madeas above
takingthree test specimensfromeach board.

IS 848: 2006
ANNEX 8
(Clause 7.4)
DETERMINATION OF pH (HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION) VALUE OF LIQUID OR
POWDERED RESIN ADHESIVES
B-1 DETAILS
Atleast 100 g of the adhesive shall be prepared according
to the resin manufacturer's instructions. If water is to be
used inthe mixing,only distilled water shall be used.The
adhesive shall be stirred thoroughly.After stirring, about
20 mlof the mixedadhesiveshall be spread ina thin,even
coat of 0.5 mm on a sheet of clean glass to cover an area
approximately 150 mm x 250 mm. The adhesive shall be
cured at the temperature and the length of time
recommendedforgluing by the manufacturer,after which
the cured film shall be peeled from the glass and ground
in a clean mill or mortar to a fineness so as to pass
450 micron ISsieve. Immediately,after grinding,2.0 g of
5
the ground particles, accuratelyweighed,shall be placed
ina clean vialor smallheat-resistingglassflaskand 10ml
of freshly boiled, cooled distilled water shall be added
and thoroughlystirred. The glass container shall be kept
stopperedat all the timesexcept whenpH determinations
are beingmade.The mixtureshall be allowedto standfor
72 h at room temperature after which time the mixture
shall be stirred and thepH valuedeterminedby meansof
a suitablepH meter.The determinationofpH valueshall
berepeatedat intervalsof24 h untilthedifferencebetween
the consecutivereadings is not more than 0.05pH units.
The lastreadingtakenshallbe regardedas theequilibrium
filmpH valuefor the adhesive.

Bureau of Indian Standard,
BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote
harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods
andattending to connected matters inthe country.
Copyright
BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form
without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of
implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations.
Enquiries relatingto copyright beaddressed to the Director(Publications), BIS.
Review of Indian Standards
Amendments are issuedto standards asthe needariseson the basisof comments. Standards are alsoreviewed
periodically; a standardalongwithamendments is reaffirmed whensuchreviewindicates that no changesare
needed; if the review indicates that changesare needed, it is takenup for revision. Usersof IndianStandards
shouldascertain thattheyare inpossession of thelatestamendments or editionbyreferring tothe latestissueof
'BIS Catalogue'and 'Standards: Monthly Additions'.
This IndianStandard hasbeendeveloped fromDoc: No. CEO20 (7335).
AmendmentsIssuedSincePublication
AmendNo. Dateof Issue
BUREAU OFINDIAN STANDARDS
TextAffected
Headquarters :
Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur ShahZafarMarg,NewDelhi110002
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(Common to alloffices)
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Is 848 2006

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