1) Brainmapping provides a quantitative analysis of EEG data by measuring frequency bands and topographic distribution, allowing objective characterization beyond visual analysis. 2) Studies have found focal increases in beta band energy can localize epileptic foci, while decreased alpha/theta with increased beta may indicate surrounding gliosis. 3) Brainmapping uncovered covert epilepsy and subclinical foci, with patterns of diminished and augmented activity suggesting regions of atrophy surrounded by epileptogenic cortex.