![[1] Fraiwan, S. Mukherjee, S. Sundermier, H.-S. Lee, S. Choi, "A paper-based
Microbial Fuel Cell: Instant battery for disposable diagnostic devices",
Biosensors and Bioelectronics, vol. 49, pp. 410-414, 2013.
[2] M.B.Fischback, J.K.Y oun, X.Zhao, P.W ang, H.G.P ark, H.N. Chang,
J.Kim, and S.Ha, “Electro analysis "18, 2016.
[3] J.Spitzley and C.Larsen, Latest trends in medical device packaging,
Clinically Packaged, http://www.packaginggateway.com/features/
feature44/.
[4] M. Kannan, V. Renugopalakrishnan, S. Filipek3, P. Li,G. F. Audette,and
L. Munukutla Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.9, 1665–
1678, 2009
[5] M.B.Fischback, J.K.Y oun, X.Zhao, P.W ang, H.G.P ark, H.N. Chang,
J.Kim, and S.Ha, “Electroanalysis "18, 2016](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/suhas-240415170330-88eecbd9/85/It-is-a-good-and-most-usefull-for-the-all-the-engg-students-16-320.jpg)
It is a good and most usefull for the all the engg students
- 1. Tontadarya College of Engineering, Gadag Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technical Seminar-18EES84 PPT on “Prospects and Challenges of Electric Vehicles” Under the guidance of Prof. J. G Shivanagutti B.E., M. Tech. Assistant Professor Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering TCE, Gadag Presented by Suhas Somappa Byahatti 2TG20EE009 Date:16-04-2024
- 2. CONTENTS Introduction to Bio Battery Challenges of Bio Battery History of Bio Battery Parameters of Bio Battery Advantages and disadvantages Applications Conclusion References
- 3. A bio-battery is an energy storing device that is powered by organic compounds, usually being glucose, such as the glucose in human blood. When enzymes in human bodies break down glucose, several electrons and protons are released. These batteries then store this energy for later use. This concept is almost identical to how both plants and many animals obtain energy. Bio battery use biocatalyst, either bio molecules such as enzymes or even whole living organism to catalyze oxidation of bio mass-based materials for generating electrical energy. Bio Battery can be called as energy accumulated device that is motorized by organic compounds, usually being glucose, like glucose in human blood.
- 4. Low Power Output : Bio batteries typically produce low power densities compared to conventional batteries and other renewable energy sources. Slow Reactor Start-up : MFCs often require a significant period to establish a stable microbial community and achieve optimal power output. Substrate Limitations : The performance of bio batteries heavily depends on the availability of suitable organic substrates for microbial metabolism. Microbial Diversity and Stability : The microbial communities within MFCs are complex and dynamic, consisting of various species with different metabolic capabilities.
- 5. As an electrical signal can induce a biological reaction; the reverse in is also true in most of the cases and in this way biological processes can be used to generate electricity for powering electrical equipment. Even though the Bio fuel cells have been known for almost a century since the first microbial BFC(Bio fuel cells) was demonstrated in 1912,the first enzyme-based bio-fuel cell was reported only in 1964 using glucose oxidize (GOx) as the anodic catalyst and glucose as the bio-fuel.
- 6. I. Electrical Parameters Open Circuit Voltage (OCV): The voltage generated by the MFC when no current is drawn from it. OCV represents the maximum potential difference between the anode and cathode in the absence of current flow. Voltage Output: The actual voltage produced by the MFC when current is drawn from it. This voltage output is influenced by factors such as substrate concentration, electrode material, microbial activity, and external load. Current Output: The electric current generated by the MFC when a load is connected across its electrodes. Current output depends on factors like microbial metabolism rate, electrode surface area, and internal resistance.
- 7. II. Mechanical Parameter of Bio Battery Material Selection: The choice of materials for constructing the MFC components, including electrodes, membranes, and structural supports, influences its mechanical properties such as strength, flexibility, and corrosion resistance. Selecting durable and cost-effective materials is essential for ensuring long-term reliability and stability. Mechanical Integrity: The ability of the MFC to maintain its structural integrity and functionality under mechanical stress, including handling, installation, and operation. Proper design and fabrication techniques are necessary to prevent mechanical failures and ensure consistent performance over time. Sealing and Leakage Prevention: Effective sealing mechanisms and leak-proof designs are crucial for preventing the escape of electrolyte solutions and microbial cultures from the MFC, as well as ingress of contaminants or air. Maintaining a sealed and airtight environment is essential for optimal microbial activity and electrical performance.
- 8. 1. Substrate Management: Feedstock Selection: Choosing appropriate organic substrates with high bioavailability and biodegradability can enhance microbial metabolism and power generation. Substrate Concentration Control: Maintaining optimal substrate concentrations within the MFC to avoid inhibition or depletion while promoting sustained microbial activity. 2. Microbial Control: Microbial Community Composition: Selecting and maintaining a diverse and stable microbial consortium with synergistic metabolic activities to improve substrate utilization and electron transfer efficiency. Biofilm Formation Control: Promoting biofilm development on electrode surfaces through surface modification or conditioning techniques to enhance microbial adhesion, electron transfer rates, and overall MFC performance. 3. Electrode Management: Electrode Material Optimization: Choosing electrode materials with high conductivity, surface area, and electrocatalytic activity to facilitate efficient electron transfer reactions and minimize overpotentials. Electrode Surface Modification: Surface treatments or coatings to enhance electron transfer kinetics, reduce fouling, and improve long-term stability of electrodes.
- 9. 1.Structure Like any cell battery, bio-batteries contain an anode, cathode, separator and electrolyte with each component layered on top of another. Anodes and cathodes are the negative and positive areas on a battery that allow electrons to flow in and out. The anode is located at the top of the battery and the cathode is located at the bottom of the battery. Anodes allow electrons to flow in from outside the battery, whereas cathodes allow current to flow out from the battery.
- 10. 2. Glucose Bio batteries are heavily based on the amount of glucose available. This glucose (sugar) can be provided from nearly anything, including soda, waste materials (such as old papers), or the glucose in living organisms. The decomposition of materials to glucose (if they are not already in the proper stage) is the main step in getting the cycle started. Materials can be converted into glucose through the process of enzymatic hydrolysis. 3.Process Similar to how human bodies convert food to energy using enzymes, bio-batteries use enzymes to convert glucose into energy. When glucose first enters the battery, it enters through the anode. In the anode the sugar is broken down, producing both electrons and protons. Glucose → Gluconolactone + 2H+ + 2e− These electrons and protons produced now play an important role in creating energy. They travel through the electrolyte, where the separator redirects electrons to go through the mediator to get to the cathode. On the other hand, protons are redirected to go through the separator to get to the cathode side of the battery. The cathode then consists of an oxidation reduction reaction. This reaction uses the protons and electrons, with the addition of oxygen gas, to produce water. O2 +4H+ + 4e− → 2H2O There is a flow created from the anode to the cathode which is what generates the electricity in the bio- battery. The flow of electrons and protons in the system are what create this generation of electricity.
- 11. Types of bio-batteries There are mainly two types of bio-batteries are – • Enzymatic bio-battery - Biochemical agents, i.e., enzymes are involved in the breakdown of substrate (mainly sugars). • Microbial bio-battery - Micro-organisms such as Escherichia coli, electric bacteria, etc., are involved in the breakdown of substrate (organic or inorganic).
- 12. Faster in charging the devices because of the quick action of the enzymes Totally non-polluting, renewable, and also environmentally friendly. Raw materials available easily & plenty Portable & light weight compared to fuel cell. Readily available fuel source. Very secure to use due to no leakage and explosions like chemical batteries Non-flammable and non-toxic fuel is used.
- 13. Compared to conventional batteries, such as lithium batteries, bio- batteries are less likely to retain most of their energy. This causes a problem when it comes to long term usage and storage of energy for these batteries.
- 14. Medical implants like pace makers, insulin pumps, gastric simulators. Disaster relief. Replacing batteries in toys and greeting cards. Portable charging in cell phones. Bio battery music playback with memory type walkman.
- 15. The Bio batteries are High performing, stable, and reproducible enzymatic fuel cell technology developed over last 5 years. The Scaled-up demonstration of Bio-Battery powering electronic circuit (performed at both Power Sources and Army Science Confs). Fully-integrated Bio-Battery charging prototypes are already developed. Funding secured from multiple Department of Defense (DOD) agencies for multiple target applications over the next 3- 5 years. While many exciting announcements have been made in the field of bio-batteries, it may be some time before we see them replacing nickel-cadmium, lithium-ion or the several other types of traditional batteries. Even so, the small, flexible, long-lasting and environmentally friendly battery technologies discussed here show the great possibilities researchers see in bio-batteries, especially for the field of medicine. The technology generates electricity by turning shredded paper into sugar which in turn is used as fuel. If brought to market, the innovation could allow the public to top up the power of their mobile devices using waste material.
- 16. [1] Fraiwan, S. Mukherjee, S. Sundermier, H.-S. Lee, S. Choi, "A paper-based Microbial Fuel Cell: Instant battery for disposable diagnostic devices", Biosensors and Bioelectronics, vol. 49, pp. 410-414, 2013. [2] M.B.Fischback, J.K.Y oun, X.Zhao, P.W ang, H.G.P ark, H.N. Chang, J.Kim, and S.Ha, “Electro analysis "18, 2016. [3] J.Spitzley and C.Larsen, Latest trends in medical device packaging, Clinically Packaged, http://www.packaginggateway.com/features/ feature44/. [4] M. Kannan, V. Renugopalakrishnan, S. Filipek3, P. Li,G. F. Audette,and L. Munukutla Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.9, 1665– 1678, 2009 [5] M.B.Fischback, J.K.Y oun, X.Zhao, P.W ang, H.G.P ark, H.N. Chang, J.Kim, and S.Ha, “Electroanalysis "18, 2016