Java apptitude-questions-part-2

Exception Handling
1) What is the difference between ‘throw’ and ‘throws’
ce ‘throws’?And their applications?
Ans: Exceptions that are thrown by java runtime systems can be handled by Try and catch blocks. With
:
throw exception we can handle the exceptions thrown by the program itself. If a method is capable of
causing an exception that it does not handle, it must specify this behavior so the callers of the method
can guard against that exception.

2) What is the difference between ‘Exception’ and ‘error’ in java?
Ans: Exception and Error are the subclasses of the Throwable class. Exception class is used for
:
exceptional conditions that user program should catch. With exception class we can subclass to create
our own custom exception.
Error defines exceptions which are not expected to be caught by you program. Example is Stack
ted
Overflow.

3) What is ‘Resource leak’?
Ans: Freeing up other resources that might have been allocated at the beginning of a method.
:

4) What is the ‘finally’ block?
Ans: Finally block will execute whether or not an exception is thrown. If an exception is thrown, the
te
finally block will execute even if no catch statement match the exception. Any time a method is about to
return to the caller from inside try/catch block, via an uncaught exception or an explicit return
statement, the finally clause is also execute.

5) Can we have catch block without try block? If so when?
Ans: No. Try/Catch or Try/finally form a unit.
:

6) What will happen to the Exception object after exception handling?
)
Ans: It will go for Garbage Collector a frees the memory.
ll and

7) How many Exceptions we can define in ‘throws’ clause?
)
Ans: We can define multiple exceptions in throws clause.
:

8) The finally block is executed when an exception is thrown, even if no catch matches it
) it.
True/False
Ans: True

9) The subclass exception should precede the base class exception when used within the catch clause.
)
True/False
Ans: True

10) Exceptions can be caught or rethrown to a calling method.
True/False

1

Ans: True

11) The statements following the throw keyword in a program are not executed.
llowing
True/False
Ans: True

12) The toString ( ) method in the user
) user-defined exception class is overridden.
True/False
Ans: True

MULTI THREADING
1) What are the two types of multitasking?
Ans: (i) process-based & (ii) Thread-
-based

2) What are the two ways to create the thread?
Ans: (i) by implementing Runnable, & (ii) by extending Thread
,

3) What is the signature of the constructor of a thread class?
Ans: Thread(Runnable threadob,String threadName)
:

4) What are all the methods available in the Runnable Interface?
Ans: run()

5) What is the data type for the method isAlive() and this method is available in which class?
Ans: boolean, Thread

6) What are all the methods available in the Thread class?
Ans: (i) isAlive()
(ii) join()
(iii) resume()
(iv) suspend()
(v) stop()
(vi) start()
(vii) sleep()
(viii) destroy()

7) What are all the methods used for Inter Thread communication and what is the class in which these
methods are defined?
Ans: (i) wait(),notify() & notifyall()
(ii) Object class

2

8) What is the mechanisam defind by java for the Resources to be used by only one Thread at a time?
Ans: Synchronisation

9) What is the procedure to own the moniter by many threads?
Ans: not possible

10) What is the unit for 1000 in the below statement?
t
ob.sleep(1000)
Ans: long milliseconds

11) What is the data type for the parameter of the sleep() method?
Ans: long

12) What are all the values for the following level?
(i) max-priority
(ii) min-priority
(iii) normal-priority
Ans: (i) 10, (ii) 1, & (iii) 5

13) What is the method available for setting the priority?
Ans: setPriority()

14) What is the default thread at the time of starting the program?
Ans: main thread

15) The word synchronized can be used with only a method.
True/ False
Ans: False

16) Which priority Thread can prompt the lower primary Thread?
Ans: Higher Priority

17) How many threads at a time can access a monitor?
Ans: one

18) What are all the four states associated in the thread?
Ans: 1. new 2. runnable 3. blocked 4. Dead

19) The suspend()method is used to teriminate a thread?
True /False
Ans: False

3

20) The run() method should necessary exists in clases created as subclass of thread?
True /False
Ans: True

21) When two threads are waiting on each other and can't proceed the programe is said to be in a
ting
deadlock?
True/False
Ans: True

22) Which method waits for the thread to die ?
Ans: join() method

23) Which of the following is true?
(i) wait(),notify(),notifyall() are defined as final & can be called only from with in a synchronized method
) final
(ii) Among wait(),notify(),notifyall() the wait() method only throws IOException
)
(iii) wait(),notify(),notifyall() & sleep() are methods of object class
)
a) (i)
b) (ii)
c) (iii)
d) (i) & (ii)
e) (i), (ii) & (iii)
Ans: D

24) Garbage collector thread belongs to which priority?
Ans: low-priority

25) What is meant by timeslicing or time sharing?
Ans: Timeslicing is the method of allocating CPU time to individual threads in a priority schedule.
:

26) What is meant by daemon thread? In java runtime, what is it's role?
t
Ans: Daemon thread is a low priority thread which runs intermittently in the background doing the
:
garbage collection operation for the java runtime system.

Inheritance
1) What is the difference between superclass & subclass?
ce
Ans: A super class is a class that is inherited whereas subclass is a class that does the inheriting.
:

2) Which keyword is used to inherit a class?
Ans: extends

4

3) Subclasses methods can access superclass members/ attrib
attributes at all times?
True/False
Ans: False

4) When can subclasses not access superclass members?
Ans: When superclass is declared as private.
:

5) Which class does begin Java class hierarchy?
Ans: Object class

6) Object class is a superclass of all other classes?
True/False
Ans: True

7) Java supports multiple inheritance?
True/False
Ans: False

8) What is inheritance?
Ans: Deriving an object from an existing class. In the other words, Inheritance is the process of inheriting
:
all the features from a class

9) What are the advantages of inheritance?
Ans: Reusability of code and accessibility of variables and methods of the superclass by subclasses.
:

10) Which method is used to call the constructors of the superclass from the subclass?
Ans: super(argument)

11) Which is used to execute any method of the superclass from the subclass?
1)
Ans: super.method-name(arguments)
name(arguments)

12) Which methods are used to destroy the objects created by the constructor methods?
Ans: finalize()

13) What are abstract classes?
Ans: Abstract classes are those for which instances can’t be created.
act

14) What must a class do to implement an interface?
Ans: It must provide all of the methods in the interface and identify the interface in its implements
clause.

5

15) Which methods in the Object cl class are declared as final?
Ans: getClass(), notify(), notifyAll(), and wait()
:

16) Final methods can be overridden.
True/False
Ans: False

17) Declaration of methods as final results in faster execution of the program?
True/False
Ans: True

18) Final variables should be declared in the beginning?
les
True/False
Ans: True

19) Can we declare variable inside a method as final variables? Why?
Ans: Cannot because, local variable cannot be declared as final variables.
:

20) Can an abstract class may be final?
Ans: An abstract class may not be declared as final.

21) Does a class inherit the constructors of it super class?
its
Ans: A class does not inherit constructors from any of its super classes.

22) What restrictions are placed on method overloading?
Ans: Two methods may not have the same name and argument list but different return types.
ay

23) What restrictions are placed on method overriding?
Ans: Overridden methods must have the same name , argument list , and return type. The overriding
:
method may not limit the access of the method it overridees. The overriding method may not throw any
s
exceptions that may not be thrown by the overridden method.

24) What modifiers may be used with an inner class that is a member of an outer class?
Ans: a (non-local) inner class may be declared as public, protected, private, static, final or abstract.
local)

25) How this() is used with constructors?
Ans: this() is used to invoke a constructor of the same class

26) How super() used with constructors?
Ans: super() is used to invoke a super class constructor
:

27) Which of the following statements correctly describes an interface?

6

a) It's a concrete class
b) It's a superclass
c) It's a type of abstract class
Ans: c

28) An interface contains __ methods
a) Non-abstract
b) Implemented
c) unimplemented
Ans: c

STRING HANDLING
1. Which package does define String and StringBuffer classes?
Ans : java.lang package.

2. Which method can be used to obtain the length of the String?
Ans : length( ) method.

3. How do you concatenate Strings?
Ans : By using " + " operator.

4. Which method can be used to compare two strings for equality
equality?
Ans : equals( ) method.

5. Which method can be used to perform a comparison between strings that ignores case
differences?
Ans : equalsIgnoreCase( ) method.

6. What is the use of valueOf( ) meth
method?
Ans : valueOf( ) method converts data from its internal format into a human readable form.
human-readable

7. What are the uses of toLowerCase( ) and toUpperCase( ) methods?
Ans : The method toLowerCase( ) converts all the characters in a string from uppercase to lowercase.
The method toUpperCase( ) converts all the characters in a string from lowercase to uppercase.

8. Which method can be used to find out the total allocated capacity of a StrinBuffer?
Ans : capacity( ) method.

9. Which method can be used to set the length of the buffer within a StringBuffer object?
length
Ans : setLength( ).

7

10. What is the difference between String and StringBuffer?
Ans : String objects are constants, whereas StringBuffer objects are not. String class supports constant
strings, whereas StringBuffer class supports growable, modifiable strings.
fer

11. What are wrapper classes?
Ans : Wrapper classes are classes that allow primitive types to be accessed as objects.

12. Which of the following is not a wrapper class?
String
Integer
Boolean
Character
Ans : a.

13. What is the output of the following program?
public class Question {
public static void main(String args[]) {
String s1 = "abc";
String s2 = "def";
String s3 = s1.concat(s2.toUpperCase( ) );
System.out.println(s1+s2+s3);
}
}
a) abcdefabcdef
b) abcabcDEFDEF
c) abcdefabcDEF
d) None of the above
Ans: c.

14. Which of the following methods are methods of the String class?
a) delete( )
b) append( )
c) reverse( )
d) replace( )
Ans : d.

15. Which of the following methods cause the String object referenced by s to be changed?
a) s.concat( )
b) s.toUpperCase( )
c) s.replace( )
d) s.valueOf( )

8

Ans : a and b.

16. String is a wrapper class?
True/False
Ans : False.

17. Given the following declarations
String s1=new String("Hello");
String s2=new String("there");
String s3=new String();
Which of the following are legal operations?
a)s3=s1 + s2;
b)s3=s1 - s2;
c) s3=s1 & s2
d) s3=s1 && s2
Ans : a.

18. Which of the following statements are true?
The String class is implemented as a char array, elements are addressed using the stringname[]
convention
b) Strings are a primitive type in Java that overloads the + operator for concatenation
c) Strings are a primitive type in Java and the StringBuffer is used as the matching wrapper type
d) The size of a string can be retrieved using the length property.
Ans : b.

EXPLORING JAVA.LANG
1. java.lang package is automatically imported into all programs.
True/False
Ans : True

2. What are the interfaces defined by java.lang?
Ans : Cloneable, Comparable and Runnable.

3. What are the constants defined by both Flaot and Double cla
classes?
Ans : MAX_VALUE,
MIN_VALUE,
NaN,
POSITIVE_INFINITY,
NEGATIVE_INFINITY and
TYPE.

9

4. What are the constants defined by Byte, Short, Integer and Long?
Ans : MAX_VALUE,
MIN_VALUE and
TYPE.

5. What are the constants defined by both Float and Double classes
classes?
Ans : MAX_RADIX,
MIN_RADIX,
MAX_VALUE,
MIN_VALUE and
TYPE.

6. What is the purpose of the Runtime class?
Ans : The purpose of the Runtime class is to provide access to the Java runtime system.

7. What is the purpose of the System class?
Ans : The purpose of the System class is to provide access to system resources.

8. Which class is extended by all other classes?
Ans : Object class is extended by all other classes.

9. Which class can be used to obtain design information about an object?
Ans : The Class class can be used to obtain information about an object’s design.

10. Which method is used to calculate the absolute value of a number?
Ans : abs( ) method.

11. What are E and PI?
Ans : E is the base of the natural logarithm and PI is the mathematical value pi.

12. Which of the following classes is used to perform basic console I/O?
ich
a) System
b) SecurityManager
c) Math
d) Runtime
Ans : a.

13. Which of the following are true?
a) The Class class is the superclass of the Object class.
b) The Object class is final.
c) The Class class can be used to load other classes.

10

d) The ClassLoader class can be used to load other classes.
Ans : c and d.

14. Which of the following methods are methods of the Math class?
absolute( )
log( )
cosine( )
sine( )
Ans : b.

15. Which of the following are true about the Error and Exception classes?
a) Both classes extend Throwable.
b) The Error class is final and the Exception class is not.
c) The Exception class is final and the Error is not.
d) Both classes implement Throwable.
Ans : a.

a) The Void class extends the Class class.
id
b) The Float class extends the Double class.
c) The System class extends the Runtime class.
d) The Integer class extends the Number class.
Ans : d.

17. Which of the following will output -4.0
a) System.out.println(Math.floor(--4.7));
b) System.out.println(Math.round(
System.out.println(Math.round(-4.7));
c) System.out.println(Math.ceil(-4.7));
4.7));
d) System.out.println(Math.Min(-4.7));
4.7));
Ans : c.

18. Which of the following are valid statements?
a) public class MyCalc extends Math
blic
b) Math.max(s);
c) Math.round(9.99,1);
d) Math.mod(4,10);
e) None of the above.
Ans : e.

19. What will happen if you attempt to compile and run the following code?
Integer ten=new Integer(10);

11

Long nine=new Long (9);

System.out.println(ten + nine);

int i=1;

System.out.println(i + ten);
a) 19 followed by 20
b) 19 followed by 11
c) Error: Can't convert java lang Integer
d) 10 followed by 1
Ans : c.

INPUT / OUTPUT: EXPLORING JAVA.IO
:
1. What is meant by Stream and what are the types of Streams and classes of the Streams?
Ans : A Stream is an abstraction that either produces or consumes information.
There are two types of Streams. They are:
Byte Streams: Byte Streams provide a convenient means for handling input and output of bytes.
Character Streams: Character Streams provide a convenient means for handling input and output of
:
characters.
Byte Stream classes: Byte Streams are defined by using two abstract classes. They are:InputStream and
:
OutputStream.
Character Stream classes: Character Streams are defined by using two abstract classes. They are :
:
Reader and Writer.
a) UTF characters are all 8-bits.
b) UTF characters are all 16-bits.
c) UTF characters are all 24-bits.
d) Unicode characters are all 16-bits.
bits.
e) Bytecode characters are all 16-bits.
bits.
Ans : d.
g
a) When you construct an instance of File, if you do not use the filenaming semantics of the local
machine, the constructor will throw an IOException.
b) When you construct an instance of File, if the corresponding file does not exist on the local file
system, one will be created.
c) When an instance of File is garbage collected, the corresponding file on the local file system is
deleted.
d) None of the above.
Ans : a, b and c.

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4. The File class contains a method that changes the current working directory.
True /False
Ans : False.

5. It is possible to use the File class to list the contents of the current working directory.
True/False
Ans : True.

6. Readers have methods that can read and return floats and doubles.
True/False
Ans : False.

7. You execute the code below in an empty directory. What is the result?
File f1 = new File("dirname");
File f2 = new File(f1, "filename");
a) A new directory called dirname is created in the current working directory.
b) A new directory called dirname is created in the current working directory. A new file called
current
filename is created in directory dirname.
c) A new directory called dirname and a new file called filename are created, both in the current
working directory.
d) A new file called filename is created in the current worki directory.
working
e) No directory is created, and no file is created.
Ans : e.

8. What is the difference between the Reader/Writer class hierarchy and the InputStream /
OutputStream class hierarchy?
Ans : The Reader/Writer class hierarchy is character
character-oriented and the InputStream/OutputStream class
d
hierarchy is byte-oriented.

9. What is an I/O filter?
Ans : An I/O filter is an object that reads from one stream and writes to another, usually altering the
data in some way as it is passed from one stream to another.

10. What is the purpose of the File class?
Ans : The File class is used to create objects that provide access to the files and directories of a local file
system.

11. What interface must an object implement before it can be written to a stream as an object?
Ans : An object must implement the Serializable or Externalizable interface before it can be written to a
stream as an object.

12. What is the difference between the File and RandomAccessFile classes?

13

Ans : The File class encapsulates the files and directories of the local file system. The RandomAccessFile
class provides the methods needed to directly access data contained in any part of a file.

13. What class allows you to read objects directly from a stream?
Ans : The ObjectInputStream class supports the reading of objects from input streams.

14. What value does read( ) return when it has reached the end of a file?
Ans : The read( ) method returns – 1 when it has reached the end of a file.

15. What value does readLine( ) return when it has reached the end of a file?
Ans : The readLine( ) method returns null when it has reached the end of a file.

16. How many bits are used to represent Unicode, ASCII, UTF UTF-16 and UTF-8 characters?
8
Ans : Unicode requires 16-bits and ASCII requires 8 bits. Although the ASCII character set uses only 1-
bits 8-bits. u
bits, it is usually represented as 8-bits. UTF 8 represents characters using 8, 16 and 18-bit patterns. UTF-
bits. UTF-8 18
16 uses 16-bit and larger bit patterns.
bit

a) The InputStream and OutputStream classes are byte
byte-oriented.
b) The ObjectInputStream and ObjectOutputStream do not support serialized object input and output.
e
c) The Reader and Writer classes are character
character-oriented.
d) The Reader and Writer classes are the preferred solution to serialized object output.
Ans : a and c.

18. Which of the following are true about I/O filters?
h
a) Filters are supported on input, but not on output.
b) Filters are supported by the InputStream/OutputStream class hierarchy, but not by the
Reader/Writer class hierarchy.
c) Filters read from one stream and write to another.
d) A filter may alter data that is read from one stream and written to another.
Ans : c and d.

a) Any Unicode character is represented using 16
16-bits.
b) 7-bits are needed to represent any ASCII character.
bits
c) UTF-8 characters are represented using only 8
cters 8-bits.
d) UTF-16 characters are represented using only 16
16 16-bits.
Ans : a and b.

a) The Serializable interface is used to identify objects that may be written to an output stream.

14

b) The Externalizable interface is implemented by classes that control the way in which their objects
able
are serialized.
c) The Serializable interface extends the Externalizable interface.
d) The Externalizable interface extends the Serializable interface.
Ans : a, b and d.

21. Which of the following are true about the File class?
h
a) A File object can be used to change the current working directory.
b) A File object can be used to access the files in the current directory.
c) When a File object is created, a corresponding directory or file is created in the local file system.
d) File objects are used to access files and directories on the local file system.
e) File objects can be garbage collected.
f) When a File object is garbage collected, the corresponding file or directory is deleted.
Ans : b, d and e.

22. How do you create a Reader object from an InputStream object?
a) Use the static createReader( ) method of InputStream class.
b) Use the static createReader( ) method of Reader class.
c) Create an InputStreamReader object, passing the InputStream object as an argument to the
object
InputStreamReader constructor.
d) Create an OutputStreamReader object, passing the InputStream object as an argument to the
OutputStreamReader constructor.
Ans : c.

Writer classes can be used to write characters to output streams using different character encodings.
Writer classes can be used to write Unicode characters to output streams.
Writer classes have methods that support the writing of the values of any Java primitive type to output
streams.
Writer classes have methods that support the writing of objects to output streams.
Ans : a and b.

24. The isFile( ) method returns a boolean value depending on whether the file object is a file or a
directory.
True/False
Ans : True.

25. Reading or writing can be done even after closing the input/output source.
e
True/False.
Ans : False.

26. The ________ method helps in clearing the buffer.

15

Ans : flush( ).

27. The System.err method is used to print error message.
True/False.
Ans : True.

28. What is meant by StreamTokenize
StreamTokenizer?
Ans : StreamTokenizer breaks up InputStream into tokens that are delimited by sets of characters. It has
the constructor : StreamTokenizer(Reader inStream). Here inStream must be some form of Reader.

29. What is Serialization and deserialization?
Ans : Serialization is the process of writing the state of an object to a byte stream. Deserialization is the
rialization
process of restoring these objects.

30. Which of the following can you perform using the File class?
a) Change the current directory
b) Return the name of the parent directory
c) Delete a file
d) Find if a file contains text or binary information
Ans : b and c.

31. How can you change the current working directory using an instance of the File class called
FileName?
a) FileName.chdir("DirName").
b) FileName.cd("DirName").
c) FileName.cwd("DirName").
d) The File class does not support directly changing the current directory.
Ans : d.

EVENT HANDLING
1. The event delegation model, introduced in release 1.1 of the JDK, is fully compatible with the
event model.
True/False
Ans : False.

2. A component subclass that has executed enableEvents( ) to enable processing of a certain kind of
event cannot also use an adapter as a listener for the same kind of event.
True/False
Ans : False.

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3. What is the highest-level event class of the eve
level event-delegation model?
Ans : The java.util.eventObject class is the highest
highest-level class in the event-delegation hierarchy.
delegation

4. What interface is extended by AWT event listeners?
Ans : All AWT event listeners extend the java.util.EventListener interface.

5. What class is the top of the AWT event hierarchy?
Ans : The java.awt.AWTEvent class is the highest level class in the AWT event class hierarchy.
highest-level

6. What event results from the clicking of a button?
Ans : The ActionEvent event is generated as the result of the clicking of a button.

7. What is the relationship between an event
event-listener interface and an event-adapter class?
adapter
Ans : An event-listener interface defines the methods that must be implemented by an event handler for
listener
a particular kind of event. An event adapter provides a default implementation of an event-listener
adapter event
interface.

8. In which package are most of the AWT events that support the event delegation model defined?
event-delegation
Ans : Most of the AWT–related events of the event delegation model are defined in the java.awt.event
related event-delegation java
package. The AWTEvent class is defined in the java.awt package.

9. What is the advantage of the event
event-delegation model over the earlier event-inheritance model?
inheritance
Ans : The event-delegation has two advantages over the event inheritance model. They are:
delegation event-inheritance a
i. It enables event handling by objects other than the ones that generate the events. This allows a
clean separation between a component’s design and its use.
ii. It performs much better in applications where many events are generated. This performance
improvement is due to the fact that the event delegation model does not have to repeatedly
vement event-delegation
process unhandled events, as is the case of the event
event-inheritance model.

10. What is the purpose of the enableEvents( ) method?
Ans :The enableEvents( ) method is used to e
enable an event for a particular object.

a) The event-inheritance model has replaced the event
inheritance event-delegation model.
b) The event-inheritance model is more efficient than the event
inheritance event-delegation model.
c) The event-delegation model uses event listeners to define the methods of event-handling classes.
delegation handling
d) The event-delegation model uses the handleEvent( ) method to support event handling.
delegation
Ans : c.

12. Which of the following is the highest class in the event
event-delegation model?
a) java.util.EventListener
b) java.util.EventObject

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c) java.awt.AWTEvent
d) java.awt.event.AWTEvent
Ans : b).

13. When two or more objects are added as listeners for the same event, which listener is first
invoked to handle the event?
a) The first object is added as listener.
b) The last object is added as listener.
c) There is no way to determine which listener will be invoked first.
d) It is impossible to have more than one listener for a given event.
Ans : c)

14. Which of the following components generate action events?
a) Buttons
b) Labels
c) Check boxes
d) Windows
Ans : a)

a) A TextField object may generate an ActionEvent.
b) A TextArea object may generate an ActionEvent.
c) A Button object may generate an ActionEvent.
d) A MenuItem object may generate an ActionEvent.
Ans : a), c) and d).

a) The MouseListener interface defines methods for handling mouse clicks.
b) The MouseMotionListener interface defines methods for handling mouse clicks.
c) The MouseClickListener interface defines methods for handling mmouse clicks.
d) The ActionListener interface defines methods for handling the clicking of a button.
Ans : a) and d).

17. Suppose that you want to have an object eh handle the TextEvent of a TextArea object t. How
should you add eh as the event handler for t?
a) t.addTextListener(eh);
b) eh.addTextListener(t);
c) addTextListener(eh.t);
d) addTextListener(t,eh);
Ans : a).

18. What is the preferred way to handle an object’s events in Java 2?

18

a) Override the object’s handleEvent( ) method.
b) Add one or more event listeners to handl the events.
handle
c) Have the object override its processEvent( ) methods.
d) Have the object override its dispatchEvent( ) methods.
Ans : b).

a) A component may handle its own events by adding itself as an event listener.
b) A component may handle its own events by overriding its event dispatching method.
nt event-dispatching
c) A component may not handle oits own events.
d) A component may handle its own events only if it implements the handleEvent( ) method.
Ans : a) and b).

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