jnc-8-hypertension-guideline-algorithm.pdf
- 1. No No Yes No Black JNC 8 Hypertension Guideline Algorithm Lifestyle changes: • Smoking Cessation • Control blood glucose and lipids • Diet Eat healthy (i.e., DASH diet) Moderate alcohol consumption Reduce sodium intake to no more than 2,400 mg/day • Physical activity Moderate-to-vigorous activity 3-4 days a week averaging 40 min per session. Adult aged ≥ 18 years with HTN Implement lifestyle modifications Set BP goal, initiate BP-lowering medication based on algorithm General Population (no diabetes or CKD) Diabetes or CKD present Age ≥ 60 years Age < 60 years All Ages Diabetes present No CKD All Ages and Races CKD present with or without diabetes BP Goal < 150/90 BP Goal < 140/90 BP Goal < 140/90 BP Goal < 140/90 Nonblack Yes Initiate thiazide or CCB, alone or combo Initiate ACEI or ARB, alone or combo w/another class Reinforce lifestyle and adherence Titrate medications to maximum doses or consider adding another medication (ACEI, ARB, CCB, Thiazide) At blood pressure goal? Reinforce lifestyle and adherence Add a medication class not already selected (i.e. beta blocker, aldosterone antagonist, others) and titrate above medications to max (see back of card) Initiate thiazide, ACEI, ARB, or CCB, alone or in combo Reinforce lifestyle and adherence Titrate meds to maximum doses, add another med and/or refer to hypertension specialist Yes Continue tx and monitoring Initial Drugs of Choice for Hypertension • ACE inhibitor (ACEI) • Angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) • Thiazide diuretic • Calcium channel blocker (CCB) At blood pressure goal? Strategy Description A Start one drug, titrate to maximum dose, and then add a second drug. B Start one drug, then add a second drug before achieving max dose of first C Begin 2 drugs at same time, as separate pills or combination pill. Initial combination therapy is recommended if BP is greater than 20/10mm Hg above goal At blood pressure goal? Reference: James PA, Ortiz E, et al. 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: (JNC8). JAMA. 2014 Feb 5;311(5):507-20 Card developed by Cole Glenn, Pharm.D. & James L Taylor, Pharm.D.
- 2. Compelling Indications Indication Treatment Choice Heart Failure ACEI/ARB + BB + diuretic + spironolactone Post –MI/Clinical CAD ACEI/ARB AND BB CAD ACEI, BB, diuretic, CCB Diabetes ACEI/ARB, CCB, diuretic CKD ACEI/ARB Recurrent stroke prevention ACEI, diuretic Pregnancy labetolol (first line), nifedipine, methyldopa Beta-1 Selective Beta-blockers – possibly safer in patients with COPD, asthma, diabetes, and peripheral vascular disease: • metoprolol • bisoprolol • betaxolol • acebutolol Drug Class Agents of Choice Comments Diuretics HCTZ 12.5-50mg, chlorthalidone 12.5-25mg, indapamide 1.25-2.5mg triamterene 100mg K+ sparing – spironolactone 25-50mg, amiloride 5-10mg, triamterene 100mg furosemide 20-80mg twice daily, torsemide 10-40mg Monitor for hypokalemia Most SE are metabolic in nature Most effective when combined w/ ACEI Stronger clinical evidence w/chlorthalidone Spironolactone - gynecomastia and hyperkalemia Loop diuretics may be needed when GFR <40mL/min ACEI/ARB ACEI: lisinopril, benazapril, fosinopril and quinapril 10-40mg, ramipril 5- 10mg, trandolapril 2-8mg ARB: candesartan 8-32mg, valsartan 80-320mg, losartan 50-100mg, olmesartan 20-40mg, telmisartan 20-80mg SE: Cough (ACEI only), angioedema (more with ACEI), hyperkalemia Losartan lowers uric acid levels; candesartan may prevent migraine headaches Beta-Blockers metoprolol succinate 50-100mg and tartrate 50-100mg twice daily, nebivolol 5-10mg, propranolol 40-120mg twice daily, carvedilol 6.25-25mg twice daily, bisoprolol 5-10mg, labetalol 100-300mg twice daily, Not first line agents – reserve for post-MI/CHF Cause fatigue and decreased heart rate Adversely affect glucose; mask hypoglycemic awareness Calcium channel blockers Dihydropyridines: amlodipine 5-10mg, nifedipine ER 30-90mg, Non-dihydropyridines: diltiazem ER 180-360 mg, verapamil 80-120mg 3 times daily or ER 240-480mg Cause edema; dihydropyridines may be safely combined w/ B-blocker Non-dihydropyridines reduce heart rate and proteinuria Vasodilators hydralazine 25-100mg twice daily, minoxidil 5-10mg terazosin 1-5mg, doxazosin 1-4mg given at bedtime Hydralazine and minoxidil may cause reflex tachycardia and fluid retention – usually require diuretic + B-blocker Alpha-blockers may cause orthostatic hypotension Centrally-acting Agents clonidine 0.1-0.2mg twice daily, methyldopa 250-500mg twice daily guanfacine 1-3mg Clonidine available in weekly patch formulation for resistant hypertension Hypertension Treatment