JPA and Hibernate

JPA and Hibernate are specifications and frameworks for object-relational mapping (ORM) in Java. JPA is a specification for ORM that is vendor-neutral, while Hibernate is an open-source implementation of JPA. Both use annotations to map Java classes to database tables. JPA queries use JPAQL while Hibernate supports both JPAQL and its own HQL. Additional features covered include relationships, inheritance mapping strategies, custom types, and querying.