JPA - Java Persistence API

JPA - Java Persistence API
Thomas Wöhlke
ObjectCode GmbH
12.03.2009

JPA: Agenda
© 2009 ObjectCode GmbH

Domain Object Model

Object-Relational Mapping
Analogie: OO  RDB
 Klasse  Tabelle
 Objekt  Zeile
 Variable Spalte
 Wert  Feld
Domain Object Modell = ERD ?

O/R Impedance Mismatch

Domain Object Model: GLE

... und die Physik?
• v(Harddisk) << v(RAM)
• CPU 99% idle
• Process 99% IO_WAIT
• Page Impressions  SQL-Requests?

Anno Domini 2004...
© 2004-2005 TheServerside.com

Hibernate
Mapping von POJO‘s:
2. Java Bean API
3. Collection API (Generics)
4. Mapping:
XML oder Hibernate-Annotations
Hibernate ist ein JPA-Vendor:
 Hibernate-Core
 Hibernate-Annotations
 Hibernate Entity Manager

Von Hibernate nach JPA

JPA im JEE-Stack

persistence.xml (Java EE)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_1_0.xsd"
version="1.0">
<persistence-unit name="JPM_DB">
<provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider>
<jta-data-source>java:/JpmDS</jta-data-source>
<properties>
<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create-drop"/>
<property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true"/>

<property name="hibernate.cache.provider_class"
value="org.hibernate.cache.HashtableCacheProvider"/>
<property name="hibernate.transaction.manager_lookup_class"
value="org.hibernate.transaction.JBossTransactionManagerLookup"/>
</properties>
</persistence-unit>
</persistence>

persistence.xml (Java SE)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_1_0.xsd"
version="1.0">
<persistence-unit name="JPM_DB">
<provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider>
<class>org.woehlke.projecteering.kernel.calendar.pao.Day</class>
<class>org.woehlke.projecteering.kernel.minutes.pao.Event</class>
<class>org.woehlke.projecteering.kernel.minutes.pao.Minutes</class>
<class>org.woehlke.projecteering.kernel.minutes.pao.MinutesItem</class>
<class>org.woehlke.projecteering.kernel.projects.pao.Project</class>
<class>org.woehlke.projecteering.kernel.projects.pao.ProjectCategory</class>
<class>org.woehlke.projecteering.kernel.timerecording.pao.TimeRecordingItem</class>
<class>org.woehlke.projecteering.kernel.userrights.pao.Company</class>
<class>org.woehlke.projecteering.kernel.userrights.pao.Team</class>
<class>org.woehlke.projecteering.kernel.userrights.pao.User</class>
<exclude-unlisted-classes>true</exclude-unlisted-classes>
<properties>
<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create-drop"/>
<property name="hibernate.generate_statistics" value="true"/>
<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="hibernate.connection.username" value="jpm"/>
<property name="hibernate.connection.password" value="jpmpwd"/>
<property name="hibernate.connection.url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jpm"/>
<property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect"/>
</properties>
</persistence-unit>
</persistence>

Mapping der Klassen 1
public class Customer extends Person {
@OneToMany(mappedBy=“purchaser”) Set<Order> orders =
new HashSet<Order>();
protected Customer() { } // for loading from db
public Customer(String fname, String lname) {
super(fname, lname);
}
public void addOrder(Order o) { orders.add(o); }
public Set<Order> getOrders() { return orders; }
}

Mapping der Klassen 2
@Entity
@Table(name=“PRODUCTS”)
public class Product {
@Id @GeneratedValue
@Column(name=“PRODUCT_PK”)
long id;
@Version int oplock; // column defaults to “OPLOCK”
String name; // column defaults to “NAME”
@ManyToOne
@JoinColumn(name=“SUPP_FK”,
referencedColumnName=“SUPP_PK”)
Supplier supplier;
...
}

Mapping der Assoziationen
Kardinalität:
 1:1  OneToOne
 1:n  OneToMany
 n:m  ManyToMany
Richtung:
 1:n -> OneToMany
 N:1 <- ManyToOne
Sichtbarkeit:
 Unidirektional ->
 Bidirektional <->

Mapping der Vererbung
2. Eine Tabelle pro Klassen-Hierarchie
3. Eine Tabelle pro konkrete Klasse
4. Eine Tabelle pro Subklasse
5. Non-Entity Vererbung
6. Keine Vererbung: Embbeding

Mapping der Vererbung?

Einsatz von JPA im JBoss/EJB3
@Stateless
public class MinutesItemDao extends BaseDao<MinutesItem> implements
IMinutesItemDao {
@PersistenceContext(unitName = "JPM_DB")
private EntityManager entityManager;
public MinutesItem findById(Long id) {
return entityManager.find(MinutesItem.class,id);
}
public EntityManager getEntityManager() {
return entityManager;
}
public void setEntityManager(EntityManager entityManager) {
this.entityManager = entityManager;
}
}

Einsatz von JPA in Spring/Tomcat
@Transactional
public class MinutesDao extends BaseDao<Minutes> implements
IMinutesDao {
public Minutes findById(Long id) {
return jpaTemplate.find(Minutes.class,id);
}
}

EJB-QL
Query q = em.createQuery(“select c from Customer c where c.firstName
= :fname order by c.lastName”);
q.setParameter(“fname”, “Joe”);
q.setFirstResult(20);
q.setMaxResults(10);
List<Customer> customers = (List<Customer>) q.getResultList();
// all orders, as a named query
@Entity
@NamedQuery(name=“Order:findAllOrders”,
query=“select o from Order o”);
public class Order { ... }
Query q = em.createNamedQuery(“Order:findAllOrders”);

Lebenszyklus Persistente Objekte
2. Neu, transient (@Id id == null)
3. Persistent (@Id id != null)
4. Detached:
– Wie persistent (@Id id!= null)
– Jedoch ausserhalb des EntityManager Kontext
– Lazy Loading nicht möglich!
– Änderungen in DB sichern mit merge

EJB-QL
// all people, via a custom SQL statement
Query q = em.createNativeQuery(“SELECT ID, VERSION, SUBCLASS,
FIRSTNAME, LASTNAME FROM PERSON”, Person.class);
List<Person> people = (List<Person>) q.getResultList();
// single-result aggregate: average order total price
Query q = em.createQuery(“select avg(i.price) from Item i”);
Number avgPrice = (Number) q.getSingleResult();
// traverse to-many relations
Query q = em.createQuery(“select o from Order o left join o.items li where
li.price > :price”);
q.setParameter(“price”, 1000);
List<Order> orders = (List<Order>) q.getResultList();

Lazy Loading
• Supplier s = order.getItem().getProduct().getSupplier();
• Bei Aufruf eines Getters wird Objekt aus DB-Zeile nachgeladen.
• Ohne Lazy Loading muss komplettes Objekt-Netz geladen werden.
• Struktur des Objekt-Netzes variiert je nach Web-View

DAO und „Unit of Work“

Ausblick: Seam
• Kern-Entwickler von Hibernate sind nun im
Seam-Projekt
• O/R-Mapping von EJB3/JPA auch für die
Webapplikation
• OO im Datenbankbackend durch ORM
• OO im Webfrontend durch JSF
• Im Conversation-Scope ist Lazy-Loading möglich.
• Detached Objects können für die Webview
verwendet werden: Kein DTO-Antipattern

RTFM: http://www.hibernate.org/
O‘Reilly: Enterprise JavaBeans 3.0
Manning: EJB3 in Action
Manning: Hibernate in Action
Literatur

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... Vielen Dank
für die Aufmerksamkeit

JPA - Java Persistence API

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