K to 12 science

K to 12 Science
K to 12
Curriculum Guide Science – version April 25, 2013 Page 1
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
DepEd Complex, Meralco Avenue
Pasig City
K to 12 Curriculum Guide
SCIENCE
(Kindergarten to Grade 10)
April 25, 2013

K to 12 Science
K to 12
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Science education aims to develop scientific literacy among students that will prepare them to be informed and participative citizens who are able to
make judgments and decisions regarding applications of scientific knowledge that may have social, health, or environmental impacts.
The science curriculum recognizes the place of science and technology in everyday human affairs. It integrates science and technology in the civic,
personal, social, economic, and the values and ethical aspects of life. The science curriculum promotes a strong link between science and technology,
including indigenous technology, keeping our country’s cultural uniqueness and peculiarities intact.
Whether or not students pursue careers that involve science and technology, the K to 12 science curriculum will provide students with a repertoire of
competencies important in the world of work and in a knowledge-based society. The K to 12 science curriculum envisions the development of scientifically,
technologically, and environmentally literate and productive members of society who manifest skills as critical problem solvers, responsible stewards of nature,
innovative and creative citizens, informed decision makers, and effective communicators. This curriculum is designed around the three domains of learning
science: understanding and applying scientific knowledge in local setting as well as global, context whenever possible, performing scientific processes and
skills, and developing and demonstrating scientific attitudes and values. The acquisition of these domains is facilitated using the following approaches:
multi/interdisciplinary approach, science–technology society approach, contextual learning, problem/issue-based learning, and inquiry-based approach. The
approaches are based on sound educational pedagogy namely: constructivism, social cognition learning model, learning style theory, and Gestalt psychology.
Science content and science processes are intertwined in the K to 12 curriculum. Without the content, learners will have difficulty utilizing science
process skills since these processes are best learned in context. Organizing the curriculum around situations and problems that challenge and arouse
students’ curiosity motivates them to learn and appreciate science as relevant and useful. Rather than relying solely on textbooks, varied hands-on, minds-on,
and hearts-on activities will be used to develop students’ interest and let them become active learners.
As a whole, the K to 12 science curriculum is learner-centered and inquiry-based, emphasizing the use of evidence in constructing explanations.
Concepts and skills in Life Sciences, Physics, Chemistry, and Earth Sciences are presented with increasing levels of complexity from one grade level to
another (spiral progression), thus paving the way to deeper understanding of a few concepts. These concepts and skills are integrated rather than discipline-
based, stressing the connections across science topics and other disciplines as well as applications of concepts and thinking skills to real life.

K to 12 Science
K to 12
The Conceptual Framework of Science Education
Developing and
Demonstrating Scientific
Attitudes and Values

K to 12 Science
K to 12
CORE LEARNING AREA STANDARD: (SCIENCE FOR THE ENTIRE K TO 12)
The learner demonstrates understanding of basic science concepts, applies science process skills, and exhibits scientific attitudes and values to
solve problems critically, innovate beneficial products, protect the environment and conserve resources, enhance the integrity and wellness of people,
and make informed and unbiased decisions about social issues that involve science and technology. This understanding will lead to learner’s
manifestation of respect for life and the environment, bearing in mind that Earth is our ONLY HOME.
KEY STAGE STANDARDS: (STANDARD FOR SCIENCE LEARNING AREA FOR K-3, 4-6, 7-10 AND 11-12)
K – 3 4 – 6 7 – 10 11-12
At the end of Grade 3, the
learners should have
acquired healthful habits
and developed curiosity
about self and their
environment using basic
process skills of observing,
communicating, comparing,
classifying, measuring,
inferring and predicting.
This curiosity will help
learners value science as
an important tool in helping
them continue to explore
their natural and physical
environment.
At the end of Grade 6, the learners
should have developed the essential
skills of scientific inquiry – designing
simple investigations, using
appropriate procedure, materials
and tools to gather evidence,
observing patterns, determining
relationships,drawing conclusions
based on evidence, and
communicating ideas in varied ways
to make meaning of the
observations and/or changes that
occur in the environment. The
content and skills learned will be
applied to maintain good health,
ensure the protection and
improvement of the environment,
and practice safety measures.
At the end of Grade 10, the learner
should have developed scientific,
technological and environmental literacy
so that they will not be isolated from the
society where they live, will not be
overwhelmed by change, and can make
rational choices on issues confronting
them. Having been exposed to scientific
investigations related to real-life, they
should recognize that the central feature
of an investigation is that if one variable is
changed (while controlling all others), the
effect of the change on another variable
can be measured. The context of the
investigation can be problems at the local
or national level to allow them to
communicate with students in other parts
of the Philippines or even from other
countries using appropriate technology.
At the end of Grade 12, the learner
should have gained skills in
obtaining scientific and
technological information from
varied sources about global issues
that have impact on the country.
They should have acquired
scientific attitudes that will allow
them to innovate and/or create
products useful to the community
or country. They should be able to
process information to get relevant
data for a problem at hand. In
addition, learners should have
made plans related to their
interests and expertise, considering
the needs of their community and
the country — to pursue either
employment, entrepreneurship, or
higher education.

K to 12 Science
K to 12
Grade/Level Grade Level Standards
K Concepts and skills in the kindergarten curriculum are taught thematically so that it is not necessary to identify specific science ideas.
Grade 1 To be finalized by the designated TWG for Grades 1 and 2
Grade 3
At the end of Grade 3, learners are able to describe the functions of the different parts of the body and things that make up their
surroundings --- rocks and soil, plants and animals, the Sun, Moon and stars. They have learned that things may be solid, liquid or gas
while others may give off light, heat and sound. They have observed changes in the conditions of their surroundings. These would lead
learners to become more curious about their surroundings, appreciate nature, and practice health and safety measures.
Grade 4
Learners can investigate changes in the properties of materials when these are subjected to different conditions. They are able to
identify materials that do not decay and use this knowledge to help minimize waste at home, school, and in the community.
They are able to describe the functions of the different internal parts of the body in order to practice ways to maintain good health. They
are able to classify plants and animals according to where they live and observe interactions among living things and their environment.
They can infer that plants and animals have traits that help them survive in their environment.
Learners can investigate the effects of push or pull on the size, shape, and movement of an object.
Learners can investigate which type of soil is best for certain plants and infer the importance of water in daily activities. They learned
about what makes up weather and apply their knowledge of weather conditions in making decisions for the day. They can infer the
importance of the Sun to life on Earth.

K to 12 Science
K to 12
Grade 5
After investigating, learners can decide whether materials are safe and useful based on their properties. They can infer that new
materials may form when there are changes in properties.
Learners have developed healthful and hygienic practices related to the reproductive system after describing changes that accompany
puberty. They can compare different modes of reproduction among plant and animal groups and conduct an investigation on
pollination. They can help in the preservation of estuaries and intertidal zones.
Learners recognize that different materials react differently with heat, light, and sound. They can relate these abilities of materials to
their specific uses.
Learners describe the changes that earth materials undergo. They can make emergency plans with their families in preparation for
typhoons. They can observe patterns in the natural events by observing the appearance of the Moon.
Grade 6
Learners recognize that when mixed together, materials may not form new ones thus these materials may be recovered using different
separation techniques. They can prepare useful mixtures such as food, drinks and herbal medicines.
Learners understand how the different organ systems of the human body work together. They classify plants based on reproductive
structures, and animals based on the presence or lack of backbone. They can design and conduct an investigation on plant
propagation. They can describe larger ecosystems such as rainforests, coral reefs, and mangrove swamps.
Learners can infer that friction and gravity affect how people and objects move. They have found out that heat, light, sound, electricity,
and motion studied earlier are forms of energy and these undergo transformation.
Learners can describe what happens during earthquakes and volcanic eruptions and demonstrate what to do when they occur. They
can infer that the weather follows a pattern in the course of a year. They have learned about the solar system, with emphasis on the
motions of the Earth as prerequisite to the study of seasons in another grade level.
Grade 7
Learners distinguish mixtures from substances through semi-guided investigations. They realize the importance of fair testing when
doing investigations.
After studying how organ systems work together in plants and animals in the lower grades, learners can use a microscope when
observing very small organisms and structures. They recognize that living things are organized into different levels: cells, tissues,
organs, organ systems, and organisms. These organisms comprise populations and communities which interact with nonliving things in
ecosystems.

K to 12 Science
K to 12
Learners can describe the motion of objects in terms of distance and speed and represent this in tables, graphs, charts, and equations.
They can describe how various forms of energy travel through different media.
Learners describe what makes up the Philippines as a whole and the resources found in the archipelago. They can explain the
occurrence of breezes, monsoons, and ITCZ and how these weather systems affect people. They explain why the seasons change and
demonstrate how eclipses occur.
Grade 8
Learners have investigated the effects of some factors on the motion of an object based on the Laws of Motion. They can differentiate
the concept of work as used in science and in layman’s language. They know the factors that affect the transfer of energy such as
temperature difference and the type (solid, liquid, or gas) of the medium.
Learners can explain how active faults generate earthquakes and how tropical cyclones originate from warm ocean waters. They
recognize other members of the solar system.
Learners explain the behavior of matter in terms of the particles it is made of. They recognize that ingredients in food and medical
products are made up of these particles and are absorbed by the body in the form of ions.
Learners recognize reproduction as a process of cell division resulting in growth of organisms. They have dealt deeper into the process
of digestion studied in the lower grades giving emphasis on proper nutrition for overall wellness. They can participate in activities that
protect and conserve economically important species used for food.
Grade 9
After learning about the digestive system, learners have expanded their knowledge to a deeper understanding of the respiratory and
circulatory systems to promote overall health. They are familiar with some technologies that introduce desired traits in economically
important plants and animals.
Learners explain how new materials are formed when atoms are rearranged. They recognize that a wide variety of useful compounds
may arise from such rearrangements.
Learners can identify volcanoes and distinguish between active and inactive ones. They can explain how energy from volcanoes may
be tapped for human use. They are familiar with climatic phenomena that occur on a global scale. They can explain why certain
constellations can be seen only at certain times of the year.
Learners can predict the outcomes of interactions among objects in real life applying the laws of conservation of energy and
momentum.

K to 12 Science
K to 12
Grade 10
Learners realize that volcanoes and earthquakes occur in the same places in the world and that these are related to plate boundaries.
They can demonstrate ways to ensure safety and reduce damage during earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions.
Learners explain the factors that affect the balance and stability of an object to enable them to practice appropriate positions and
movements to achieve efficiency and safety such as in sports and dancing. They can analyze situations where energy is harnessed for
human use whereby heat is released affecting the physical and biological components of the environment.
Learners have completed the study of the entire organism with their deeper study of the excretory and reproductive systems. They can
explain in greater detail how genetic information is passed from parents to offspring and how diversity of species increases the
probability of adaptation and survival in changing environments.
Learners explain the importance of controlling the conditions under which a chemical reaction occurs. They recognize that cells and
tissues of the human body are made up of water, a few kinds of ions, and biomolecules. These biomolecules may also be found in the
food they eat.

K to 12 Science
K to 12
PROPOSED Sequence of Domain/Strands per Quarter
G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8 G9 G10
1st Quarter Matter Matter Matter Matter Matter
Force, Motion
& Energy
Living Things
and Their
Environment
Earth &
Space
2nd Quarter
Living Things
and Their
Environment
Living Things
and Their
Environment
Living Things
and Their
Environment
Living Things
and Their
Environment
Living Things
and Their
Environment
Earth & Space Matter
Force, Motion
& Energy
3rd Quarter
Force, Motion &
Energy
Force, Motion
& Energy
Force, Motion
& Energy
Force, Motion &
Energy
Force, Motion
& Energy
Matter
Earth &
Space
Living Things
and Their
Environment
4th Quarter Earth & Space Earth & Space Earth & Space Earth & Space Earth & Space
Living Things
and Their
Environment
Force, Motion
& Energy
Matter

K to 12 Science
K to 12
Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6
PROPERTIES
When students observe different
objects & materials, they become
aware of their different characteristics,
such as shape, weight, definiteness of
volume and ease of flow. Using these
characteristics, these objects and
materials can be grouped into solids,
liquids and gases.
Aside from being grouped into
solids, liquids, and gases, materials
may also be grouped according to
their ability to absorb water, ability
to float or sink, and whether they
decay or not.
After learning how to read and
interpret product labels, students
can decide whether these materials
are harmful. They can also describe
ways in which they can use their
knowledge of solids and liquids in
making useful materials and
products.
In Grade 4, the students have observed
the changes when mixing a solid in a
liquid or a liquid in another liquid.
From these investigations, students
can now describe the appearance of
mixtures as uniform or non-uniform
and classify them as homogeneous or
heterogeneous mixtures.
CHANGES MATERIALS UNDERGO
Using the characteristics observed
among solids, liquids, and gases,
students investigate ways in which
solid turns into liquid, solid into gas,
liquid into gas, and liquid into solid, as
affected by temperature.
Changes in the characteristics of
solid materials can be observed
when these are bent, hammered,
pressed, and cut.
After investigating the changes in
characteristics of materials due to
temperature in Grade 3, students
can now inquire about changes
observed when a solid is mixed with
a liquid or when a liquid is mixed
with another liquid.
Students learn that some changes in
the characteristics of a product such
as food or medicine may affect its
quality. One way of finding out is by
reading and interpreting product
labels. This information helps them
decide when these products become
harmful.
In Grade 4, students investigated
changes in materials that take place
at certain conditions, such as
changing the size, shape, volume, or
temperature. In Grade 5, they
investigate changes that take place
under the following conditions:
presence or lack of oxygen, and
applying heat. They learn that some
of these conditions can result in a
new product. Knowing these
conditions enable them to apply the
5R method (recycling, reducing,
reusing, recovering and repairing) at
home and in school.
Based on the characteristics of the
components of a heterogeneous
mixture, students investigate ways of
separating these components from the
mixture. They will infer that the
characteristics of each of the
components remain the same even
when the component is part of the
mixture.
Spiraling of Concepts about Matter Grade 3 – Grade 6

K to 12 Science
K to 12
PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE
In Grade 6, students learned how to
distinguish homogenous from
heterogeneous mixtures. In Grade 7,
students investigate properties of
solutions which are homogeneous
mixtures. They learn how to express
concentrations of solutions qualitatively
and quantitatively. They distinguish
mixtures from substances based on a
set of properties.
Students begin to do guided and semi-
guided investigations, making sure that
the experiment they are conducting is a
fair test.
Using models, students learn that
matter is made up of particles, the
smallest of which is the atom. These
particles are too small to be seen
through a microscope. The
properties of materials that they
have observed in earlier grades can
now be explained by the type of
particles involved and the attraction
between these particles.
Using their understanding of atomic
structure learned in Grade 8, students
describe how atoms can form units called
molecules. They also learn how ions are
formed. Further, they explain how atoms
form bonds (ionic and covalent) with other
atoms by the transfer or sharing of
electrons.
They also learn that the forces that hold
metals together are caused by the
attraction between flowing electrons and
the positively charged metal ions.
Students explain how covalent bonding in
carbon forms a wide variety of carbon
compounds.
Recognizing that matter consists of an
extremely large number of very small
particles, counting these particles is not
practical. So, students are introduced to
the unit, mole.
Students investigate how gases behave in
different conditions based on their knowledge
of the motion of and distances between gas
particles. Students, then, confirm whether
their explanations are consistent with the
Kinetic Molecular Theory. They also learn the
relationships between volume, temperature,
and pressure using established gas laws.
In Grade 9, students learned that the bonding
characteristics of carbon result in the
formation of large variety of compounds. In
Grade 10, they learn more about these
compounds which includes biomolecules such
as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic
acids. Further, they will recognize that the
structure of these compounds are repeating
units which are made up of a limited number
of elements, such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
and nitrogen.
CHANGES MATERIALS UNDERGO
Students recognize that materials combine in
various ways and through different processes,
contributing to the wide variety of materials.
Given this diversity of materials, they recognize
the importance of a classification system. They
become familiar with elements and
compounds, metals and non-metals, acids and
bases.
Further, students demonstrate that
homogeneous mixtures can be separated using
various techniques.
Students learn that particles are always in
motion. They can now explain that the
changes from solid to liquid, solid to gas,
liquid to solid, and liquid to gas, involve
changes in the motion of and relative
distances between the particles, as well as
the attraction between them.
They also recognize that the same particles
are involved when these changes occur. In
effect, no new substances are formed.
Students explain how new
compounds are formed in terms of
the rearrangement of particles.
They also recognize that a wide
variety of useful compounds may
arise from such rearrangements.
In Grade 9, students described how particles
rearrange to form new substances. In Grade 10,
they learn that the rearrangement of particles
happen when substances undergo chemical
reaction. They further explain that when this
rearrangement happens, the total number of
atoms and total mass of newly formed
substances remain the same. This is the Law of
Conservation of Mass. Applying the Law of
Conservation of Mass, students learn to balance
chemical equations and solve simple mole-mole,
mole-mass and mass-mass problems.
Spiraling of Concepts about Matter Grade 7 - Grade 10

K to 12 Science
K to 12
PARTS AND FUNCTION
Students learn about the different parts of
living things focusing on the more familiar
external parts.
They also learn about some characteristics of
living things that distinguish them from
nonliving things.
In Grade 4, the students are introduced to
the major organs of the human body.
They also learn about parts that help
plants and animals survive in places where
they live.
After learning in Grade 4 how the major
organs of the human body work together,
the students now focus on the
reproductive systems of humans, animals,
and plants.
In Grade 6, students describe the interactions
among parts of the major organ systems of
the human body and among the different
organ systems of representative organisms.
HEREDITY: INHERITANCE AND VARIATION
Students learn that living things reproduce and
certain traits are passed on to their offspring.
Students learn that humans, animals, and
plants go through life cycles. Some
inherited traits may be affected by the
environment at certain stages in their life
cycles.
Students learn how flowering plants and
some non-flowering plants reproduce.
They are also introduced to the sexual and
asexual modes of reproduction.
Students learn how non-flowering plants
(spore-bearing and cone-bearing plants,
ferns, and mosses) reproduce.
BIODIVERSITY AND EVOLUTION
Different kinds of living things are found in
different places.
Students learn that animals and plants live
in specific habitats.
Students learn that reproductive
structures serve as one of the bases for
classifying living things.
They learn that plants and animals share
common characteristics which serve as bases
for their classification.
ECOSYSTEMS
Students learn that living things depend on their
environment for food, air, and water to survive.
Students learn that beneficial and harmful
interactions occur among living things and
their environment as they obtain their basic
needs.
Students are introduced to interactions
among components of larger habitats
such as estuaries and intertidal zones and
the conditions that enable certain
organisms to live.
Students are introduced to more complex
interactions among components of habitats
with the highest species diversity such as
tropical rainforests, coral reefs, and
mangrove swamps.
Spiraling of Concepts about Living Things and Their Environment Grade 3 - Grade 6

K to 12 Science
K to 12
PARTS AND FUNCTION
In Grade 7, students are introduced to the
levels of organization in the human body and
other organisms. They learn that organisms
consist of cells, most of which are grouped
into organ systems that perform specialized
functions.
In Grade 8, students learn how the body breaks
down food into forms that can be absorbed
through the digestive system and transported to
cells.
Students learn that gases are exchanged through
the respiratory system. This provides the oxygen
needed by cells to release the energy stored in
food.
They also learn that dissolved wastes are
removed through the urinary system; solid
wastes are eliminated through the excretory
system.
Students learn the coordinated functions
of the digestive, respiratory, and
circulatory systems.
They also learn that nutrients enter the
bloodstream and combine with oxygen
that was taken in through the respiratory
system. Together, they are transported to
the cells where oxygen is used to release
the stored energy.
Students learn that organisms have feedback
mechanisms which are coordinated by the
nervous and endocrine systems. These
mechanisms help the organisms maintain
homeostasis to reproduce and survive.
HEREDITY:INHERITANCE AND VARIATION
After learning how flowering and non-flowering
plants reproduce, Grade 7 students learn that
asexual reproduction results in genetically
identical offspring whereas sexual reproduction
gives rise to variation.
Students learn the process of cell division
by mitosis and meiosis. They understand
that meiosis is an early step in sexual
reproduction that leads to variation.
Students learn the structure of genes and
chromosomes, and the functions they
perform in the transmission of traits from
parents to offspring.
Students are introduced to the structure of the DNA
molecule and its function.
They also learn that changes that take place in sex cells
are inherited while changes in body cells are not
passed on.
BIODIVERSITY AND EVOLUTION
Students learn that the cells in similar tissues
and organs in other animals are similar to those
in human beings but differ somewhat from cells
found in plants.
Students learn that species refers to a group of
organisms that can mate with one another to
produce fertile offspring. They learn that
biodiversity is the collective variety of species living
in an ecosystem. This serves as an introduction to
the topic on hierarchical taxonomic system.
Students learn that most species that have
once existed are now extinct. Species
become extinct when the environment
changes and they fail to adapt.
Students revisit the mechanisms involved in the
inheritance of traits and the changes that result from
these mechanisms. Students explain how natural
selection has produced a succession of diverse new
species. Variation increases the chance of living things
to survive in a changing environment.
ECOSYSTEMS
Students learn that interactions occur among the
different levels of organization in ecosystems.
Organisms of the same kind interact with each other to
form populations; populations interact with other
populations to form communities.
Students learn how energy is transformed
and how materials are cycled in
ecosystems.
Students learn how plants capture energy from the
Sun and store energy in sugar molecules
(photosynthesis). This stored energy is used by
cells during cellular respiration. These two
processes are related to each other.
Students investigate the impact of human activities
and other organisms on ecosystems.
They learn how biodiversity influences the stability of
ecosystems.
Spiraling of Concepts about Living Things and Their Environment Grade 7 – Grade 10

K to 12 Science
K to 12
FORCE AND MOTION
Students observe and explore how
things around them move and can
be moved. They also identify things
in their environment that can cause
changes in the movement of objects.
Students now learn that if force is
applied on an object, its motion,
size, or shape can be changed.
They will further understand that
these changes depend on the
amount of force applied on it
(qualitative). They also learn that
magnets can exert force on some
objects and may cause changes in
their movements.
This time, students begin to
accurately measure the amount
of change in the movement of an
object in terms of its distance
travelled and time of travel using
appropriate tools.
Aside from the identified causes
of motion in Grade 3, such as
people, animals, wind, and water,
students also learn about gravity
and friction as other causes or
factors that affect the movement
of objects.
ENERGY
Students observe and identify
different sources of light, heat,
sound, and electricity in their
environment and their uses in
everyday life.
Students learn that light, heat, and
sound travel from the source. They
perform simple activities that
demonstrate how they travel using
various objects.
Note: Electricity is not included in
Grade 4 because the concept of
‘flow of charges’ is difficult to
understand at this grade level.
This time, students explore how
different objects interact with light,
heat, sound, and electricity (e.g.,
identifying poor and good
conductors of electricity using simple
circuits).
They learn about the relationship
between electricity and magnetism
by constructing an electromagnet.
They also learn about the effects of
light, heat, sound, and electricity on
people.
At this grade level, students are
introduced to the concept of
energy. They learn that energy
exists in different forms, such as
light, heat, sound and electricity,
and it can be transformed from
one form to another. They
demonstrate how energy is
transferred using simple
machines.
Spiraling of Concepts about Force, Motion, and Energy Grade 3 - Grade 6

K to 12 Science
K to 12
FORCE AND MOTION
From a simple understanding of
motion, students learn more scientific
ways of describing (in terms of
distance, speed, and acceleration) and
representing (using motion diagrams,
charts, and graphs) the motion of
objects in one dimension.
This time, students learn about the
concept of force and its relationship to
motion. They use Newton’s Laws of
Motion to explain why objects move
(or do not move) the way they do (as
described in Grade 7). They also realize
that if force is applied on a body, work
can be done and may cause a change in
the energy of the body.
To deepen their understanding of motion,
students use the Law of Conservation of
Momentum to further explain the motion of
objects.
From motion in one dimension in the previous
grades, they learn about motion in two
dimensions using projectile motion as an
example.
From learning the basics of
forces in Grade 8, students
extend their understanding of
forces by describing how
balanced and unbalanced
forces, either by solids or
liquids, affect the movement,
balance, and stability of objects.
ENERGY
This time students recognize that
different forms of energy travel in
different ways−light and sound travel
through waves, heat travels through
moving or vibrating particles, and
electrical energy travels through
moving charges.
In Grade 5, they learned about the
different modes of heat transfer. This
time, they explain these modes in
terms of the movement of particles.
Students learn that transferred energy
may cause changes in the properties of
the object. They relate the observable
changes in temperature, amount of
current, and speed of sound to the
changes in energy of the particles
Students explain how conservation of
mechanical energy is applied in some
structures such as roller coasters and in natural
environments such as waterfalls. They further
describe the transformation of energy that
takes place in hydroelectric power plants.
Students also learn about the relationship
between heat and work and apply this concept
to explain how geothermal power plants
operate.
After they have learned how electricity is
generated in power plants, students further
develop their understanding of transmission of
electricity from power stations to homes.
Students learn more about the
properties of light as applied in
optical instruments.
Students also use the concept of
moving charges and magnetic
fields in explaining the principle
behind generators and motors.
Spiraling of Concepts about Force, Motion, and Energy Grade 7 - Grade 10

K to 12 Science
K to 12
GEOLOGY
Students will describe what
makes up their environment,
beginning with the landforms
and bodies of water found in
their community,
After familiarizing themselves with the
general landscape, students will investigate
two components of the physical
environment in more detail: soil and water.
They will classify soils in their community
using simple criteria. They will identify the
different sources of water in the
community. They will infer the importance
of water in daily activities and describe
ways of using water wisely.
In this grade level, students will learn that our
surroundings do not stay the same forever. For
example, rocks undergo weathering and soil is carried
away by erosion. Students will infer that the surface of
the Earth’s changes with the passage of time.
Students will learn that aside from weathering and
erosion, there are other processes that may alter the
surface of the Earth: earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
Only the effects of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
are taken up in this grade level, not their causes (which
will be tackled in Grades 8 and 9). Students will also
gather and report data on earthquakes and volcanic
eruptions in their community or region.
METEOROLOGY
..the different types of local
weather,
After making simple descriptions about the
weather in the previous grade, students
will now measure the components of
weather using simple instruments. They
will also identify trends in a simple weather
chart.
Students will learn that the weather does not stay the
same the whole year round. Weather disturbances such
as typhoons may occur. Students will describe the
effects of typhoons on the community and the changes
in the weather before, during, and after a typhoon.
After learning how to measure the different components
of weather in Grades 4 and 5, students will now collect
weather data in the span of a school year. Students will
interpret the data and identify the weather patterns in
their community.
ASTRONOMY
..and the natural objects that
they see in the sky.
After describing the natural objects that are
seen in the sky, students will now focus on
the main source of heat and light on Earth:
the Sun, its role in plant growth and
development, and its effect on the
activities of humans and other animals.
After learning about the Sun, students will now
familiarize themselves with the Moon and the stars.
They will describe the changes in the appearance of the
Moon and discover that the changes are cyclical, and
that the cycle is related to the length of a month.
Students will identify star patterns that can be seen
during certain times of the year.
In Grade 6, students will turn their attention to Earth as
another natural object in space (in addition to the Sun,
Moon, and stars). Students will learn about the motions
of the Earth: rotation and revolution. Students will also
compare the different members that make up the Solar
System and construct models to help them visualize their
relative sizes and distances.
Spiraling of Concepts about Earth and Space Grade 3 - Grade 6

K to 12 Science
K to 12
GEOLOGY
Students will learn how to locate
places using a coordinate system.
They will discover that our country’s
location near the equator and along
the Ring of Fire influences what
makes up the Philippine environment
(e.g. natural resources, climate).
As a result of being located along the Ring of Fire, the
Philippines is prone to earthquakes. Using models,
students will explain how quakes are generated by
faults. They will try to identify faults in the community
and differentiate active faults from inactive ones.
Being located along the Ring of Fire, the
Philippines is home to many volcanoes. Using
models, students will explain what happens
when volcanoes erupt. They will describe the
different types of volcanoes and differentiate
active volcanoes from inactive ones. They will
also explain how energy from volcanoes may
be tapped for human use.
Using maps, students will discover that
volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and
mountain ranges are not randomly
scattered in different places but are
located in the same areas. This will lead to
an appreciation of plate tectonics, a
theory that binds many geologic
processes, such as volcanism and
earthquakes, together.
METEOROLOGY
Students will explain the occurrence
of atmospheric phenomena (breezes,
monsoons, ITCZ) that are commonly
experienced in the country as a result
of the Philippines’ location with
respect to the equator, and
surrounding bodies of water and
landmasses.
Being located beside the Pacific Ocean, the Philippines
is prone to typhoons. In Grade 5, the effects of
typhoons were tackled. Here, students will explain
how typhoons develop, how typhoons are affected by
landforms and bodies of water, and why typhoons
follow certain paths as they move within the
Philippine Area of Responsibility.
In this grade level, students will distinguish
weather from climate. They will explain how
different factors affect the climate of an area.
They will also be introduced to climatic
phenomena that occur over a wide area (El
Niño and global warming).
Note: The theory of plate tectonics is the
sole topic in Earth and Space in Grade 10.
This is because the theory binds many of
the topics in previous grade levels and
more time is needed to explore
connections and deepen students’
understanding.
ASTRONOMY
Students will explain the occurrence of
the seasons and eclipses as a result of
the motions of the Earth and the Moon.
Using models, students will explain that
because the Earth revolves around the
Sun, the seasons change, and because
the Moon revolves around the Earth,
eclipses sometimes occur.
Students will complete their survey of the Solar
System by describing the characteristics of asteroids,
comets, and other members of the Solar System.
Students will now leave the Solar System and
learn about the stars beyond. They will infer the
characteristics of stars based on the
characteristics of the Sun. Using models, students
will show that constellations move in the course
of a night because of Earth’s rotation while
different constellations are observed in the
course of a year because of the Earth’s
revolution.
Spiraling of Concepts about Earth and Space Grade 7 - Grade 10

K to 12 Science
K to 12
Grade 3 – Matter
FIRST QUARTER/FIRST GRADING PERIOD
Content Content Standards Performance Standards Learning Competencies
Properties
 Characteristics of solids, liquids
& gases
The Learner…
 demonstrates ways of sorting
materials and describing them as
solid, liquid or gas based on
properties such as having definite
shape and volume, and ease of
flow
The Learner…
 describes ways of proper use and
handling of common solids and
liquids found at home and school
The Learner…
 classifies objects and
materials as solids, liquids
and gases based on their
characteristics
 Changes in Materials  demonstrates understanding of the
effects of temperature on materials
 construct a device/practice ways
that can control temperature to
prevent solids from changing to
liquids or vice versa
 investigates changes in
solids and liquids when
temperature changes
Grade 3 – Living Things and Their Environment
SECOND QUARTER/SECOND GRADING PERIOD
Parts and Functions of Living Things
 Humans
The Learner…
 demonstrates understanding on the
parts and functions of the sense
organs of the human body
The Learner…
 practices healthful habits to
protect and keep the sense organs
of the human body healthy
The Learner…
 identifies the sense organs of
the human body
 describes the parts and
functions of the sense organs
of the human body
 communicates healthful
practices to protect the sense
organs using multimedia/non-
multimedia resources
 Animals  demonstrates understanding of the
parts of animals and their functions
and the importance of animals to
humans
 practices safety measures of
handling animals
 practices proper ways of taking
care of animals
 identifies and describes
animals in the environment
 identifies the parts and
functions of animals
 groups or classifies animals

K to 12 Science
K to 12
according to body parts and
use
 states the importance of
animals to humans
 Plants  demonstrates understanding of the
external parts of plants and their
functions
 demonstrates proper care of
plants used for food, and sources
of materials and other by-products
 identifies the parts of plants
and their functions
 describes the parts of
different kinds of plants
 states the importance of
plants to humans
 Characteristics of Living Things  demonstrates understanding of the
characteristics of living and
nonliving things
 makes a collage of living and
nonliving livings
 compares living with nonliving
things
Heredity: Inheritance and Variation
 Characteristics passed on from
parents
- Humans
- Animals
- Plants
 demonstrates understanding that
parents reproduce and certain
characteristics are passed on to
their offspring
 makes a checklist of certain
characteristics they inherited from
either their father or mother
 infers that living things
reproduce
 identifies characteristics
passed on to offspring from
parents (e.g., humans,
animals, plants)
Ecosystems
- Basic Needs  demonstrates understanding that
plants, animals, and humans have
basic needs such as food, air,
water and shelter that come from
the environment
 lists down activities which they can
perform at home, in school, or in
their neighborhood to keep the
environment clean
 identifies the basic needs of
humans, plants and animals
such as air, food, water, and
shelter
 explains how living things
depend on the environment
to meet their basic needs
 recognizes that there is a
need to protect and
conserve the environment

K to 12 Science
K to 12
Grade 3 – Force and Motion
THIRD QUARTER/THIRD GRADING PERIOD
 Moving Objects
- Reference point
- Indicators of motion
The Learner…
 demonstrates understanding of
motion
The Learner…
 describes when an object has
moved
The Learner…
 describes the position of a
person or an object in relation
to a reference point (e.g.,
chair, door, another person)
 identifies things that can make
objects move (e.g. people,
water, wind, magnets)
 compares and contrasts the
movements of objects (e.g.
faster/slower,
forward/backward,
stretching/compressing)
 Sources and Uses of Light and
Sound, Heat and Electricity
 demonstrates understanding of the
sources and uses of light, sound,
heat and electricity
 practices safe and wise use of
light, sound, heat and electricity in
daily life
 observes sources of light and
sound, heat and electricity
 identifies different uses of
light, sound, heat and
electricity
Grade 3 – Earth and Space
FOURTH QUARTER/FOURTH GRADING PERIOD
 The Surroundings
- People
- Animals
- Plants
- Lakes, Rivers, Streams, Hills
and Mountains
The Learner…
importance of things found in the
surroundings
The Learner…
 participates in taking care of his/her
surroundings
The Learner…
 observes the surroundings at
home, in school, in the
community, in the locality
(town, city, province)
 relates the importance of the
surroundings to people and
other living things
 Weather
- Types and effects of weather in
the community
- Safety and precautionary
measures
types and effects of weather as
they relate to daily activities, health
and safety
 decides safety and precautionary
measures in different types of
weather
 describes the changes in the
weather over a period of time
 communicates how different
types of weather affect
activities in the community

K to 12 Science
K to 12
Grade 4 – Matter
Properties
 Properties used to group and
store materials
 Importance of interpreting
product labels
The Learner…
grouping different materials
based on their properties
The Learner…
 safely handles and stores
properly-labeled products
 practices proper disposal of
wastes
The Learner…
 classifies materials based on
these properties:
- Absorb water
- Float or sink
- Decaying or nondecaying
 investigates the effects of
decaying materials to health and
safety
 Changes that Materials
Undergo
- Changes that are useful
- Changes that are harmful
changes materials undergo when
exposed to certain conditions
 practices ways that prevent
changes which may have
harmful effects on the immediate
environment and living
organisms
 describes changes in materials
when they are bent, pressed,
hammered, cut
 conducts investigation to show
changes in properties of
materials when exposed to
certain conditions such as
temperature changes or when
mixed with other materials
 describes the properties of water
that make it safe for drinking
 Natural Objects Seen in the Sky
- During daytime
- During nighttime
natural objects seen in the sky
during daytime and nighttime and
how these affect the activities of
people and the community
 plans activities that he/she can do
during day and night that make
him/her healthy and useful to
his/her family and/or community
 describes the natural objects
that are seen in the sky during
daytime and nighttime
 communicates how the
natural objects in the sky
affect daily activities
 practices precautionary
measures to avoid the harmful
effects of the Sun’s heat and
light

K to 12 Science
K to 12
Parts and Functions
 Humans
- Major organs of the body
- Caring for the major organs
- Diseases that affect the major
organs of the human body
The Learner…
the brain, heart, lungs, liver,
stomach, intestines, kidneys,
bones, and muscles are major
internal organs that keep the rest
of the body working
The Learner…
 practices healthful habits to
maintain proper functioning of
the major internal organs of the
body
The Learner…
 describes the functions of the
major organs
 communicates that the major
organs work together to make
the body function properly
 identifies the causes and
treatment of diseases of the
major organs
 Animals
- Terrestrial animals
- Aquatic animals
animals have body parts that
make them better adapted to
specific habitats
body parts of animals relate to
their movements and habitats
 makes a survey of animals found
in the community and their
specific habitats
 chooses which animals to raise
in a particular habitat
 infers that body structures help
animals adapt and survive in
their particular habitat
 compares body movements of
animals in their habitat
 Plants
- Terrestrial plants
- Aquatic plants
plants have parts that make them
better adapted in specific
habitats
 makes a survey of plants found
in the community and their
specific habitats
 chooses which plants to grow in
a particular habitat
 identifies the specialized
structures of terrestrial and
aquatic plants
 conducts investigation on the
specialized structures of plants
given varying environmental
conditions: light water,
temperature and soil type
 Life Cycles
- Humans, Animals and Plants
different organisms go through
life cycles (e.g., human, dog,
mongo)
certain stages in the life of living
things are vulnerable to changes
in the environment
 draw the life cycle of a living
thing and indicate the stage that
is most affected by changes in
the environment (e.g., the larval
stage of mosquitoes is most
vulnerable to biocontrol
practices)
 compares the stages of the
different life cycles of organisms
 describes the effect of the
environment on the stages of the
life cycle of representative
organisms

K to 12 Science
K to 12
Ecosystems
- Beneficial interactions
- Harmful interactions
beneficial and harmful
interactions occur among living
things and their environment as
they meet their basic needs to
survive
 makes a list of beneficial and
harmful interactions among
organisms that occur in their
schoolyard
 draws a poster showing the
environmental conditions needed
by living things to thrive (e.g., rice
grown in paddy fields where
sunlight and rainfall are adequate
throughout the planting season)
 describes some types of
beneficial interactions among
living things
 describes some types of harmful
interactions among living things
 conducts investigations to
determine environmental
conditions needed by living
things to survive
 describes the effects of
interactions and their
environment
 Effects of Force on Objects
- What force can do
- Measuring force
- Applications of force
The Learner…
force and its effects on
movement, size, and shape of
materials
the properties of magnets
The Learner…
 practices safety measures in
physical activities and proper
handling of materials
The Learner…
 conducts a simple investigation
to find out what force can do to
materials
 explores the strength of the
magnet at different
locations/distances around it
 investigates how magnets
interact with other magnets
 Light, Heat and Sound
- Properties of light, heat and
sound
- Heat transfer
the propagation of light, heat and
sound
the properties/characteristics of
light and sound
 protects oneself from exposure
to excessive light, heat and
sound
 investigates
properties/characteristics of light,
heat and sound
 demonstrates how heat is
transferred by conduction,
convection and radiation

K to 12 Science
K to 12
 Soil
- Types of soil according to size
of particles and ability to hold
water (sand, silt and clay)
- Suitability of soil to plant
growth and development
(presence of humus)
The Learner…
the different types of soil and how
the soil type affects plant growth
and development
The Learner…
 investigates which soil type is
suitable for particular types of
plants
The Learner…
 compares and contrasts the
characteristics of different types
of soil
 Water in the Environment
- Sources of water (spring,
lakes, seas, rivers, streams,
waterfalls and dams)
- Importance of water
- Wise use of water
- Water cycle
the different sources of water
suitable for human consumption
 demonstrates wise use of water
in different situations
 identifies the different sources of
water in the community
 investigates which sources of
water in your community are
suitable for human consumption
 describes the importance of the
water cycle to life on Earth
 Weather
- What makes up the weather
- Instruments to measure the
weather components
- Weather chart
- Safety precautions
 demonstrates the understanding
of weather and changes over
time
 plans activities that he/she can
do in different kinds of weather
 uses weather instruments to
measure the different weather
components
 record in a chart the weather
conditions over a period of time
 identify safety precautions during
different weather conditions
 The Sun
- Importance of the Sun
- Harmful effects of
overexposure to the Sun
- Safety precautions
beneficial and harmful effects of
the Sun
 practices precautionary
measures to avoid harmful
effects of the Sun
 observes changes in the
surroundings as the position of
the Sun changes
 describes the role of the Sun in
the water cycle

K to 12 Science
K to 12
Grade 5 – Matter
Properties
 Properties used to minimize
waste
The Learner…
properties of materials to
determine their aesthetic and
economic uses
The Learner…
 practices segregation techniques
in order to create useful and
valuable products from
recyclable materials
The Learner…
 applies the 5Rs (recycle, reduce,
reuse, recover and repair) in
waste management
 communicates the importance of
the 5Rs relative to aesthetic and
economic values
 Changes that Materials
Undergo
- Evidence of Change
materials undergo changes at
certain conditions resulting to a
new product
 practice ways that prevent
changes which may have
harmful effects on the immediate
environment and living
organisms
 investigates changes that
happen in materials under the
following conditions:
- presence or lack of oxygen
- application of heat
Parts and Functions
 Humans
 The reproductive system
 Development of secondary
sex characteristics
 Menstrual cycle
The Learner…
the parts that make up the
reproductive system and their
functions
the development of secondary
sex characteristics during
puberty
the events in the menstrual cycle
The Learner…
 reports on proper ways of taking
care of the reproductive organs
The Learner…
 identifies the parts of the
reproductive system
parts of the reproductive system
 describes the changes that occur
during puberty such as the
development of secondary sex
characteristics
 explains the menstrual cycle and
how it indicates readiness for
reproduction
 Animals
- Parts and functions of the
reproductive system
how animals reproduce to ensure
their survival
 makes a poster comparing the
advantages and disadvantages
of reproductive strategies of
 identifies the parts of the
reproductive system of
representative animals using

K to 12 Science
K to 12
- Modes of reproduction animals such as few offspring
with parental care and large
number of offspring with minimal
or no parental care
posters
parts of the reproductive system
 describes the different modes of
reproduction of animals
 compares the number of offspring
of representative animals (e.g.,
carabao, fish, butterfly, spider)
 examines how animals ensure the
survival of their young
 Plants
- Flowering plants (rice/corn,
pechay, mongo)
- Non-flowering plants
(conebearing, ferns,
liverworts)
how plants reproduce to ensure
their survival
 makes a flyer on how plants can
be propagated vegetatively
 writes an essay on how best to
propagate certain kinds of plants
 identifies the parts of flowering
and non-flowering plants used for
reproduction
 describes the modes of
reproduction in plants
 examines how the modes of
reproduction of certain kinds of
crops may be used to increase
yield
Ecosystems
 Interactions Among Living
Things in Estuaries and
Intertidal Zones
- Physical conditions of
estuaries and intertidal zones
- Plants and animals living in
these ecosystems
- Feeding relationships in these
ecosystems
- Protecting and conserving
estuaries
the more complex interactions
among living and nonliving things
that take place in larger habitats
like estuaries and intertidal zones
(where land and water
ecosystems overlap)
 writes a report on how estuaries
benefit nearby communities and
on how these communities protect
and conserve the estuaries
 describes the physical conditions
of estuaries and intertidal zones
 illustrates the interactions among
living things and their environment
in estuaries and intertidal zones
 evaluates the importance of
protecting and conserving these
ecosystems to a fishing
community

K to 12 Science
K to 12
Motion
 Measuring time and distance
using standard units
The Learner…
motion in terms of distance and
time
The Learner…
 practices time management in
road travels
The Learner…
 describes the motion of an object
by tracing and measuring its
change in position (distance
travelled) over a period of time
 uses appropriate measuring tools
and expresses measurements
using correct standard units
 Light and Sound, Heat and
Electricity
- Effects on People
- Conductors of Heat and
Electricity
- Preventing harm
the effects of heat and electricity,
light and sound on people and
objects
 applies one’s knowledge on the
effects of heat, electricity, light
and sound in daily life
 discusses why some materials are
good conductors of heat and
electricity
 infers how color of an object
affects its ability to absorb heat
 relates the ability of the material to
block, absorb or transmit light to
its use
 investigates the effects of tension,
length and thickness of the string
on the pitch of the sound
produced by a stringed musical
instrument
 describes effects of noise and
harmonious sound on people
 Electricity and Magnetism
- Circuits
- Electromagnets
 demonstrates understanding of a
simple DC circuit and the
relationship between electricity
and magnetism in electromagnets
 assembles simple electrical
circuits with caution
 constructs a simple circuit to light
up a bulb
 infers the conditions necessary to
make a bulb light up
 investigates how changing the
number or type of components
like battery or bulbs, in a circuit
can make bulbs brighter or
dimmer

K to 12 Science
K to 12
 infers that electricity can be used
to produce magnets
 given a set of materials, designs
an experiment to determine the
factors that affect the strength of
the electromagnet
Processes that Shape Earth’s
Surface
 Weathering
 Soil Erosion
The Learner…
processes (weathering and soil
erosion) that shape the Earth’s
surface and their effects on living
things and the environment
The Learner…
 make a simple map of the
community showing areas prone
to soil erosion
 participates in projects that reduce
soil erosion in the community
The Learner…
 describes how rocks turn into soil
 investigates extent of soil erosion
in the community and its effects
on living things and the
environment
 communicates the data collected
in the investigation on soil erosion
 Weather Disturbances
- Types of weather
disturbances
- Effects of weather
disturbances on living things
and the environment
weather disturbances and their
effects on the environment
 makes an emergency plan using
weather forecasts and prepares
an emergency kit to be used in
school and at home
 observes the changes in the
weather before, during and after a
typhoon
 describes the effects of a typhoon
in the community
 explains the meaning of storm
warning signals
 The Moon
- Phases of the Moon
- Beliefs and practices
the phases of the Moon and the
beliefs and practices associated
with it
 conducts a survey on the beliefs
and practices of the community in
relation to the phases of the moon
 infers the pattern in the changes in
the appearance of the Moon
 relates the cyclical pattern to the
length of a month
 The Stars
- Patterns of stars
(constellation)
 demonstrates recognition of the
constellations and the information
derived from their location in the
sky
 identifies any two constellations
and relates them to compass
directions
 identifies star patterns that can be
seen at particular times of the year

K to 12 Science
K to 12
Grade 6 – Matter
Properties
 Mixture and their
Characteristics
- Heterogeneous mixtures
- Colloids
The Learner…
the characteristics and
classifications of mixtures
(solutions, colloids and
suspensions)
The Learner…
 prepares beneficial and useful
mixtures such as drinks, food, and
herbal medicines
The Learner…
 investigates the characteristics
and classifications of mixtures
(homogeneous, heterogeneous
and suspension)
 communicates the uses of
different mixtures
 explains the importance of
colloids in daily life
 Separating Mixtures  demonstrates understanding of
different ways to separate
mixtures
 separates desired materials from
common and local products
 investigates ways of separating
mixtures into their individual
components
 reports on the benefits of
separating mixtures from local
and common products in daily
activities
Parts and Functions
 Human Body Systems
- Musculoskeletal
- Integumentary System
- Digestive System
- Respiratory System
- Circulatory System
- Nervous System
The Learner…
how the organs of the human
body work together to form organ
systems such as the
musculoskeletal, integumentary,
digestive, circulatory, excretory,
respiratory, and nervous systems
The Learner…
 makes a chart showing healthful
habits that promote proper
functioning of the
The Learner…
 explains how the parts of the
work together
 reports on the importance of
maintaining proper body
functioning of these systems
 Animals
- Characteristics of vertebrates
and invertebrates
- Economic importance of
the characteristics, classifications,
importance, protection and
conservation of animals
 makes an inventory of
vertebrates and invertebrates
that are commonly seen in the
community
 examines characteristics that
distinguish one group of
vertebrates from other groups
and which serve as a basis for

K to 12 Science
K to 12
in the community
- Rare animals in the
community
- Protecting and caring for
animals
 practices ways of caring and
protecting animals
their classification
 compares the structures that
use to perform a certain function
(e.g., vertebrates use their
musculoskeletal system -
coordinated by the nervous
system - to move; invertebrates
use an exoskeleton to perform
the same function)
 observes rare animals found in
the community and their
importance
 Plants
- Parts of spore-bearing and
cone-bearing plants
- Life cycles of ferns and
mosses
- Vegetative plant propagation
the parts of spore-bearing and
cone-bearing plants and the life
cycles of ferns and mosses
new plants may be grown from
other plant parts or new
techniques
 makes a multimedia presentation
on how parts of the reproductive
system of spore-bearing and
cone-bearing plants ensure their
survival
 makes a flyer on how plants can
be propagated vegetatively
 compares parts of spore-bearing
plants with cone-bearing plants
 describes the life cycles of ferns
and mosses
 communicates propagation
techniques that can be used for
growing plants
Ecosystems
Interactions Among Living Things
in Tropical Rainforests, Coral
Reefs, and Mangrove Swamps
 Physical conditions of tropical
rainforests, coral reefs and
mangrove swamps
 Plants and animals living in
these ecosystems
 Feeding relationships in these
ecosystems
 Protecting and conserving
tropical forest ecosystems
interactions among components
of habitats with the highest
species diversity such as tropical
rainforests, coral reefs, and
mangrove swamps
 forms discussion groups to tackle
issues involving protection and
conservation of ecosystems that
serve as nurseries, breeding
places, and habitats for
economically important plants
and animals
 describes the physical conditions
of tropical forests, coral reefs, and
mangrove swamps
 communicates the importance of
feeding relationships among living
things in the ecosystem

K to 12 Science
K to 12
Grade 6 – Force, Motion and Energy
Gravitation and Frictional Forces
- Observable effects of
gravitational and frictional
force
- Overcoming gravity and
friction
The Learner…
the observable effects of
gravitational and frictional forces
on people and objects
The Learner…
 devices ways on how to overcome
the effects of friction and gravity in
performing tasks / daily activities
The Learner…
 infers that friction and gravity affect
how people and objects move
 Energy
- Energy forms and
transformation
- Simple machines
energy forms and transformations,
kinds of simple machines and
their importance in daily life
activities
 manipulates simple machines to
do certain tasks in daily life
activities
 practices safety in handling tools
or simple machines found in
school, at home and in the
community
 infers that energy like sound, heat,
light and electricity can be
transformed from one form to
another
 manipulates simple machines to
describe their characteristics and
uses
 demonstrates practical and safe
use of simple machines
 identifies electrical devices at
home and school that converts
electrical energy to light, heat,
sound and motion
Earthquakes and Volcanic
Eruptions
 Changes on Earth’s surface as
a result of earthquakes and/or
volcanic eruptions
 Warning signs
 Disaster preparedness
The Learner…
natural disasters and knowledge
of emergency preparedness
during these disasters
The Learner…
 makes an emergency plan and
prepares an emergency kit for use
at home and in school
The Learner…
 describes the changes in the
Earth’s surface as a result of
earthquakes and volcanic
eruptions
 describes warning signs that a
volcano is about to erupt
 makes informed decisions on
what to do during and after
earthquakes and volcanic
eruptions

K to 12 Science
K to 12
 Weather Patterns in the
Philippines
- Weather patterns
- Seasons
- Effects of seasons on
livelihood and health of
people in the community
weather patterns, seasons and
effects of seasons on livelihood
and health of people in the
community
 chooses activities appropriate to
the changing seasons and find
ways to reduce risks
 collects, reports and interprets
data on the weather in a span of a
school year
 describes the seasons in the
Philippines and their effects on
livelihood and health of the people
in the community
 Motions of the Earth
- Rotation
- Revolution
- Effects of Earth’s motions
the motions of the Earth and its
effects
 uses models to demonstrate
rotation and revolution of the
Earth to explain natural
phenomena
 relates the rotation and revolution
of Earth to the occurrence of day
and night, apparent movement of
Sun, Moon and stars, and the
lengths of a day and a year
 The Solar System
- Planets (e.g., surface
features, size and relative
distance from the Sun)
- Model of the solar system
the physical characteristics of
planets in the solar system
 discusses the characteristics of
Earth that support life
 compares the eight planets of our
solar system
 constructs models of the solar
system that show the relative
sizes of each planet and the
relative distances between the
planets
Grade 7 – Matter
Doing Scientific Investigations
 Ways of acquiring knowledge and
solving problems
The Learner…
scientific ways of acquiring
knowledge and solving
problems
The Learner…
 conducts simple investigations
through the inquiry approach
using local available materials
The Learner…
 describes what is meant by
fair test
 describes the components of
an investigation such as
research problem, hypothesis,
method for testing hypothesis
and conclusions based on
evidence
 Diversity of Materials in the

K to 12 Science
K to 12
Environment
- Solutions  demonstrates understanding of
some important properties of
solutions
 prepares different
concentrations of mixtures
according to uses and
availability of materials
 investigates properties of
unsaturated or saturated
solutions
 investigates how fast solids
dissolve in water
- Substances and Mixtures  demonstrates understanding of
the properties of substances
which distinguish them from
mixtures
 investigates the properties of
mixtures of varying
concentrations using available
materials in the community for
specific purposes
 recognizes that a substance has
a unique set of properties
- Elements and Compounds  demonstrates understanding of
classifying substances as
elements or compounds
 makes a chart, poster, or
multimedia presentation of
common elements showing
their names, symbols and uses
 recognizes that substances are
classified into elements and
compounds
- Acids and Bases  demonstrates understanding of
common properties of acidic
and basic mixtures
 interprets properly product
labels of acidic and basic
mixture and practices safe ways
of handling acids and bases
using protective clothing and
safety gears
 investigates properties of acidic
and basic mixtures using natural
indicators
- Metals and Non-metals  demonstrates understanding
properties of metals and
nonmetals
metals and nonmetals
commonly used at home and
industry
 describes some properties of
metals and nonmetals such as
luster, malleability, ductility, and
conductivity
Parts and Functions
 Levels of Organization
 Microscopy
 Animal and plant cells
 Fungi, protists, and bacteria
The Learner…
the different levels of
organization in an organism
 demonstrates understanding
that aside from plants and
The Learner…
 employs appropriate
techniques using standard tools
or equipment to gather data
about very small objects
 makes a multimedia
The Learner…
 differentiates organ systems,
organs, tissues, cells from each
other
 identifies common diseases
that affect the major organs of

K to 12 Science
K to 12
animals, there are other much
smaller organisms that can only
be seen through the
microscope many of which
consist of only one cell
the levels of organization
beyond the organism such as
populations, communities, and
ecosystems
presentation showing how
organ systems interact with
each other to carry out
essential processes of the body
the body and their treatment
 identifies parts of the
microscope and their functions
 differentiates plant and animal
cells according to presence or
absence of certain organelles
 describes the structures of
microorganisms using a
microscope
 identifies beneficial and harmful
microorganisms
 explains why the cell is
considered the basic structural
and functional unit of all
organisms
 Asexual reproduction
- Offspring that result from asexual
reproduction are genetically identical
to the parents
 Sexual reproduction
- Union of egg cell and sperm cell
during fertilization
- Offspring that result from sexual
reproduction are similar to the
parents but not identical
that reproduction can be
asexual or sexual
 conducts an interview with
farmers on the kinds of plants
that are best propagated
asexually
 compares asexual and sexual
reproduction
 describes the process of
fertilization
 differentiates offspring resulting
from asexual reproduction with
that from sexual reproduction
in terms of similarities to
parents
Ecosystems
 Components of an ecosystem: biotic and
abiotic
 Ecological relationships
- Producers and consumers
- Symbiotic relationships: parasitism,
mutualism
- Non-symbiotic relationships:
that organisms interact with
each other and with their
environment to survive
 initiates and/or participates in
activities that protect and
preserve ecosystems in the
locality
 identifies which of the things
found in the environment are
biotic or abiotic
 describes the different
ecological relationships found in
an ecosystem
 describes how energy is
transformed through the

K to 12 Science
K to 12
competition, predation
- Transfer of energy through trophic
levels
feeding relationships
 predicts the effect of changes in
one population on other
populations in the ecosystem
 predicts the effect of changes in
abiotic factors on the
ecosystem
individual and collective actions
on protecting and preserving
ecosystems
Motion in One Dimension
 Motions of Objects in terms of
displacement, speed or velocity and
acceleration
 Motion Detectors
The Learner…
of motion in one- dimension
The Learner…
 advocates road safety focusing
on the dangers of
overspeeding, sudden stopping
and tailgating
 discusses how motion
detectors are used in detecting
overspeeding vehicles
The Learner…
 describes the motion of an
object in terms of distance or
displacement, speed or
velocity, and acceleration
 differentiates quantities (in
terms of magnitude and
direction) using the concepts of
distance vs displacement and
speed vs velocity
 creates and interprets visual
representation of the motion of
objects such as tape charts and
motion graphs
 Waves
- Transverse vs. Longitudinal Waves
- Mechanical vs. electromagnetic
waves
- Characteristics of waves
of waves as a carriers of
energy
 develop awareness of the
potential risks brought about by
big waves like tsunamis
 infers that energy, like light
and sound, travels in the form
of waves
 explains how waves carry
energy from one place to
another
 distinguishes between
transverse and longitudinal
waves and mechanical and

K to 12 Science
K to 12
electromagnetic waves
 use a model to demonstrate
the relationship among
frequency, amplitude,
wavelength, and wave velocity
 Sound
- Characteristics of sound  demonstrates understanding
of the characteristics of sound
such as pitch and loudness
 creates harmonious music
using indigenous products
 uses the concepts of
wavelength, velocity, and
amplitude to describe
characteristics of sound such
as pitch, loudness and quality
 demonstrates changes in pitch
and loudness using real or
improvised musical instrument
through fair testing
 explains sound production in
the human voice box and how
pitch, loudness and quality of
sound vary from one person to
another
 describes how organisms
produce, transmit and receive
sound of various frequencies
(infrasonic, audible and
ultrasonic sound)
 Light
- Characteristics of Light
of the characteristics of light:
intensity or brightness and
color
 chooses proper lighting in
doing various activities like
reading and road travel
 relates characteristics of light
such as color and intensity to
frequency and wavelength
 designs and implements an
experiment that shows that
light travels in a straight line
 investigates the relationship
between light intensity and the
distance from a light source
 Heat  demonstrates understanding  chooses right materials for a  infers the conditions necessary

K to 12 Science
K to 12
- Heat Transfer of the different modes of heat
transfer: conduction,
convection, radiation
particular purpose for cooking,
food storage, and building
homes
for heat transfer to occur
 explains different modes of
heat transfer in terms of the
movement of particles
 identifies good and poor
conductors of heat and
describe their specific uses
 Electricity
- Charges
- Charging processes
of charges and the different
charging processes
 protects oneself during
thunderstorm
 differentiates the three types of
charges
 demonstrates the different
types of charging processes
earthing or grounding
 describes how a lightning rod
works
The Philippine Environment
 Location of the Philippines using a
coordinate system
 Location of the Philippines with
respect to landmasses and bodies of
water
 Protection and conservation of
natural resources
The Learner…
the characteristics of the
Philippine environment and its
natural resources, including the
ways by which these resources
are conserved and protected
The Learner…
 practices conservation and
protection of resources (soil,
water, rocks and minerals,
fossil fuels) in the community
The Learner…
 demonstrates how places on
Earth may be located using a
coordinate system
 describes the location of the
Philippines with respect to the
continents and oceans of the
world
 recognizes that soil, water,
rocks, coal, and other fossil
fuels are Earth materials
 recognizes that Earth materials
provide many of our resources
 describes ways of using Earth's
resources wisely
 Interactions in the Atmosphere  demonstrates understanding  plans for extreme weather  describes the different layers

K to 12 Science
K to 12
- Greenhouse effect/global warming
- Land and sea breezes
- Monsoons
- Intertropical convergence zone
of the different phenomena
that
occur in the atmosphere and
how they affect human
activities
conditions such as torrential
rains during monsoons
 participate in projects that will
reduce buildup of greenhouses
gases
of the atmosphere
 illustrates how some human
activities affect the
atmosphere
 explains how energy from the
sun enters the atmosphere
 accounts for the occurrence of
land and sea breezes, and
monsoons
 explains the occurrence of the
intertropical convergence zone
(ITCZ)
 describes the effects of certain
weather systems in the
Philippines
 Seasons in the Philippines
- Relation of seasons to the position of
the Sun in the sky
- Causes of seasons in the Philippines
of the relationship of the
seasons and the position of
the Sun in the sky
 plans activities appropriate to
the seasons in the Philippines
 using models, relates:
- the tilt of the Earth to the
length of daytime
- the length of daytime to the
amount of energy received
- the position of the Earth in its
orbit to the height of the Sun
in the sky
- the height of the Sun in the
sky to the amount of energy
received
- the latitude of an area to the
amount of energy the area
receives
 shows what causes the
seasons in the Philippines to
change using models
 Eclipses
- Solar eclipse
- Lunar Eclipse
of the occurrence of eclipses
 discusses whether or not
beliefs and practices about
eclipses have scientific basis
 communicates how solar and
lunar eclipses occur
 collects, records and reports
data on the beliefs and
practices of the community in
relation to eclipses

K to 12 Science
K to 12
 Laws of Motion
- Law of Inertia
- Law of Acceleration
- Law of Interaction
The Learner…
 Demonstrates understanding
of the Newton’s three laws of
motion and uniform circular
motion
The Learner…
 develops a written plan and
implement a ―Newton’s
Olympics
The Learner…
 investigates the relationship of
the amount of force applied
and the mass of the object to
the amount of change in the
object’s motion
 infers that when a body exerts
a force on another an equal
amount of force is exerted
back on it
 demonstrates how a body
responds to changes in motion
 relates the laws of motion to
bodies in uniform circular
motion
 infers that circular motion
requires the application of
constant force directed toward
the center of the circle
 Work Power and Energy
- Layman’s definition of work vs.
mechanical work
- Situations where work is done and
where work is not done
of work using constant force,
power, gravitational potential
energy, kinetic energy, and
elastic potential energy
 proposes ways to increase the
amount of work done in a
certain period
 differentiates layman’s
definition of work from
mechanical work
 describes how work is related
to power and energy
 differentiates potential and
kinetic energy
 relates speed and position of
object to the amount of energy
possessed by a body
 Sound  demonstrates understanding  discusses technologies that  compares the speed of sound

K to 12 Science
K to 12
of the propagation of sound
through solid, liquid, and gas
make use of sound waves
(e.g. sonar)
through solids, liquids and
gases
 infers how the movement of
particles of an object affects
the speed of sound through it
 investigates the effect of
temperature to speed of sound
 Light  demonstrates understanding
of some properties and
characteristics of visible light
 discusses about phenomena
such as blue sky, rainbow, red
sunset using the concept of
wavelength and frequency of
visible light
 demonstrates the existence of
the color components of visible
light using a prism or
diffraction grating
 explains the hierarchy of
colors in relation to energy
 explains that red is bent the
least and violet is bent the
most according to their
wavelengths or frequencies
 Heat  demonstrates understanding
of heat and temperature and
the effects of heat to a body
 constructs a model to
demonstrate the high heat
capacity of water ( e.g.
balloons filled with water do
not burn easily when placed
over the flame)
 discusses the importance of
water as a cooling agent
because of its high specific
heat capacity
 differentiates between heat
and temperature at the
molecular level
 cites examples in real life and
industries that apply expansion
of materials (e.g. expansion
slots of bridges)
 investigates the relationship of
the amount of heat transferred
between bodies of varying
temperature to temperature
difference, heat capacity and
mass using fair testing
 Electricity  demonstrates understanding
of current- voltage-resistance
relationship, electric power,
electric energy, and home
circuitry
 practices safety in handling
electrical devices
 infers the relationship between
current and charge
 creates models or cites
analogies for electrical charge,
current, voltage, power and
resistance
 investigates the effect of using

K to 12 Science
K to 12
one or two batteries to various
ways of connecting two light
bulbs (series and parallel
connections)
 explains the advantage of
parallel wiring in homes
 differentiates electrical power
and electrical energy
 compares power rating and
energy consumption of various
electrical appliances
 explains the functions of circuit
breakers, fuses, earthing,
double insulation and other
safety devices in the home
SECOND QUARTER/ SECOND GRADING PERIOD
 Earthquakes and Faults
- Active and inactive faults
- How movements along faults
generate earthquakes
- How earthquakes generate tsunamis
- Earthquake focus and epicenter
- Earthquake intensity and magnitude
- Earthquake preparedness
- How earthquake waves provide
information about the interior of the
Earth
The Learner…
the relationship between faults
and earthquakes
The Learner…
 participates in making decisions
on where to build structures
based on knowledge of the
location of active faults in the
community
 makes an emergency plan and
prepares an emergency kit for
use at home and in school
The Learner…
 describes what a fault is
 using models or illustrations,
explains how movements along
faults generate earthquakes
 differentiates the epicenter of
an earthquake from its focus
 differentiates the intensity of an
earthquake from its magnitude
 identifies faults in the
community
 differentiates between active
and inactive faults
 demonstrates how underwater
earthquakes generate tsunamis
 explains how earthquake
waves provide information
about the interior of the earth
 Understanding Typhoons  demonstrates understanding of  demonstrates precautionary  explains how typhoons develop

K to 12 Science
K to 12
- How typhoons develop
- Why the Philippines is prone to
typhoons
- How landforms and bodies of water
affect typhoons
- Philippine Area of Responsibility
formation of typhoons and their
movement within the Philippine
Area of Responsibility
measures before, during, and
after a typhoon, including
following advisories, storm
signals, and calls for
evacuation given by
responsible government
agencies
 participates in activities that
lessen the risks brought by
typhoons
 infers why the Philippines is
prone to typhoons
 explains how landforms and
bodies of water affect typhoons
 traces the path of typhoons that
enter the Philippine Area of
Responsibility (PAR) using a
map and tracking data
 Other members of the Solar System
- Comets
- Meteors
- Asteroids
of the characteristics of
comets, meteors and asteroids
 discusses whether or not
beliefs and practices about
comets and meteors have
scientific basis
 compares and contrasts
comets, meteors, and asteroids
 predicts the appearance of
comets based on recorded data
of previous appearances
 explains the regular occurrence
of meteor showers
Grade 8 – Matter
 Particle Nature of Matter
- Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
- Atoms and Molecules
The Learner…
of the particle nature of matter
as basis for explaining
properties, physical changes,
and structure of substances
and mixtures
The Learner…
elements and compounds that
are essential to living
organisms
 traces how water behaves in
its different states based on
the arrangement of its particles
The Learner…
 explains the properties of
solids, liquids and gases
based on the particle nature of
matter
 explains physical changes in
terms of the arrangement and
motion of atoms and
molecules
 Atomic Structure
- Protons
- Neutrons
- Electrons
of the identity of a substance
according to its atomic
structure
 makes a chart, timeline, or
how the different models have
evolved
 determines the number of
protons, neutrons and
electrons in a particular atom
 Periodic Table (PT) of Elements  demonstrates understanding  creates a poster on the  traces the development of the

K to 12 Science
K to 12
- Development of the PT
- Arrangement of elements
- Reactive and non-reactive metals
of the periodic table of element
as an organizing tool to
determine the chemical
properties of elements
essential elements needed by
the human body indicating
their sources, roles and
functions, required levels on a
daily basis, and the effects
when taken in excess
periodic table from observations
based on similarities in
properties of elements
 uses the periodic table to
predict the chemical behavior of
an element
FOURTH QUARTER/ FOURTH GRADING PERIOD
Structures and Functions: Focus on the
Digestive System
 Organs of the digestive system and their
interaction with organs of the respiratory
and circulatory systems
 Changes in food as it undergoes physical
and chemical digestion
 Diseases resulting from nutrient deficiency
and ingestion of harmful substances
 Prevention, detection, and treatment of
diseases of the digestive system
 Contemporary health issues that promote
proper nutrition and overall wellness
The Learner…
of the organs of the digestive
system and their functions in
ingestion, absorption,
assimilation, and excretion
of the interaction among
organs of the digestive,
circulatory, and respiratory
systems in providing the body
with nutrients for energy
of how dissolved wastes and
solid wastes are eliminated
through the excretory system
of diseases that result from
nutrient deficiency and
ingestion of harmful
substances and their
prevention and treatment
The Learner…
 conducts an interview with the
school nurse or the local
health workers on practices
that promote proper care for
the organs of the digestive
system
The Learner…
 describes the coordinated
functions of the organs of the
digestive system
 traces the path of food as it is
being digested
 explains how enzymes help in
digesting food
 explains how digested food is
absorbed through the villi and is
carried through the bloodstream
to the liver
 explains how dissolved wastes
and solid wastes are eliminated
through the excretory system
 illustrates how diseases of the
digestive system are detected,
prevented, or treated
 identifies healthful practices that
affect the digestive system
 discusses contemporary health
issues that promote proper
nutrition and overall wellness

K to 12 Science
K to 12
Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of
Traits
 Organelles of the cell involved in cell
division
 Stages of mitosis
 Stages of meiosis
 Mendelian Genetics
that cells divide to produce
new cells
that Mendel’s laws can be
used in explaining the role of
meiosis in producing genetic
variation
 reports on the importance of
variation in plant and animal
breeding
 identifies organelles that are
involved in cell division
 describes and compares the
processes of mitosis and
meiosis, and their role in the
cell division cycle
 compares the number of
chromosomes of the daughter
cells resulting from mitosis
and meiosis
 differentiates oogenesis and
spermatogenesis
 explains the significance of
meiosis in maintaining the
chromosome number
 describes how the union of
egg and sperm cells results in
variation
 identifies phenotypes as the
expression of inherited
characteristics
Biodiversity
 Species diversity
 Hierarchical taxonomic system of
species
 Protection and conservation of
endangered and economically
important species
of the concept of a species as
a reproductively distinct group
of organisms
that species are further
classified into a hierarchical
taxonomic system (domain,
kingdom, phylum, class, order,
family, genus, species)
 reports (e.g., through a
travelogue) on the activities
that communities engage in to
protect and conserve
endangered and economically
important species
 explains the concept of
species as a reproductively
distinct group of organisms
 classifies organisms using the
hierarchical taxonomic system
(domain, kingdom, phylum,
class, order, family, genus,
species) based on structure
and function
 explains the advantage of
high biodiversity over low
biodiversity in maintaining the
stability of an ecosystem
Ecosystems  demonstrates understanding  makes a poster comparing food

K to 12 Science
K to 12
 Transfer of Energy in Trophic Levels
 Cycling of materials in the ecosystem
- Water cycle
- Oxygen-carbon cycle
- Nitrogen cycle
 Impact of human activities in an
ecosystem
of the one way flow of energy
and the cycling of materials in
an ecosystem
choices based on the trophic
levels
 describes the transfer of
energy through the trophic
levels
 analyzes the roles of
organisms in the cycling of
materials
 explains how materials cycle
in an ecosystem
 suggests ways to minimize
human impact on the
environment
 describe changes caused by
organisms in their
environment
FIRST QUARTER/ FIRST GRADING PERIOD
Respiratory and Circulatory Systems
Working with the other Organ Systems
The Learner…
how the different structures of
the circulatory and respiratory
systems work together to
transport oxygen-rich blood and
nutrients to the different parts of
the body
the prevention, detection, and
treatment of diseases affecting
the circulatory and respiratory
systems
The Learner…
school nurse or the local health
workers on practices that
promote proper care for the
organs of the circulatory and
respiratory systems
The Learner…
 describes the parts and
functions of the circulatory
system
 explains the mechanism on how
the circulatory system
transports nutrients, gases, and
other molecules to and from the
different parts of the body
 explains how harmful
substances affect the
respiratory and circulatory
systems
 explains how lifestyle (e.g.,
regular exercise, smoking)
affects the functioning of the
circulatory system

K to 12 Science
K to 12
 makes a chart of diseases
affecting the circulatory system
and their prevention, detection,
and treatment
 Haploid number of chromosomes in
gametes
 Location of genes in chromosomes
 Restoration of the diploid number
of chromosomes in the offspring
through fertilization
genetic information is organized
in genes on chromosomes
traits of an organism are
transmitted to the offspring
through the genes found in
chromosomes
 illustrates how traits of
economically important plants
and animals are improved
through breeding
 explains how fertilization
produces a diploid zygote out of
haploid gametes
 describes the location of genes in
chromosomes
 explains how genes are
responsible for specific traits
Biodiversity and Evolution
 causes of species extinction
- natural
- anthropogenic
most species that have once
existed are now extinct
species become extinct when
the environment changes and
they fail to adapt
 makes a multimedia
presentation of a timeline of
extinction of representative
microorganisms, plants, and
animals
 identifies causes of species
extinction
 relates species extinction to the
failure of populations of
organisms to adapt to abrupt
changes in the environment
Ecosystems
Flow of Energy and Matter in
Ecosystems
 Photosynthesis
- Structure and function of plant
parts and organelles involved in
photosynthesis
 Respiration
- Structure and function of
mitochondrion as the main
organelle involved in cellular
respiration
photosynthesis and respiration
as life energy processes
 shows through a poster how
are related to each other in
terms of the feeding
relationships and the transfer of
energy through trophic levels
 reports on farming practices that
relate knowledge of
photosynthesis that may result
to increased yield
 describes how specific cell
structures carry out
 provides evidence that plants
can manufacture their own food
 differentiates basic features of
photosynthesis to other
organisms
Grade 9 – Matter

K to 12 Science
K to 12
 Chemical Bonding
- Metallic Bonding
- Ionic and Covalent Bonding
The Learner…
the forces that hold metals
together
how atoms form bonds with other
atoms by transfer or sharing
electrons
The Learner…
 conducts a survey of organic
and inorganic compounds found
as natural resources in the
Philippines
 presents data in poster, chart or
multimedia the uses of
compounds based on their
properties
The Learner…
 explains properties of metals in
terms of their structure
 recognizes different types of
compounds (ionic or covalent)
based on their properties such
as melting point, hardness,
polarity, and electrical and
thermal conductivity
 explains how ions are formed
 recognizes the importance of
ions when humans obtain
nutrients from food
 explains the formation of ionic
and covalent bonds
 explains chemical changes in
terms of the breaking of bonds
and the rearrangement of atoms
to form new substances
 The Variety of Carbon Compounds
- Carbon Atoms
- Organic Compounds
the type of bond that carbon
forms resulting to the diversity of
carbon compounds
 creates a database of the
organic compounds surveyed,
indicating their structure,
properties and uses
 explains how the structure of
carbon atom affects the type of
bonds it forms
 recognizes the general classes
of organic compounds and their
uses
 Mole Concept
- Mass
- Moles
- Percentage Composition of a
Compound
matter consists of an extremely
large number of very small
particles which can be
quantitatively measured by the
unit, mole
 designs an educational game
involving mole concepts
 uses the mole concept to
express mass of substances
 determines the percentage
composition of a compound
given its chemical formula and
vice versa

K to 12 Science
K to 12
 Volcanoes and the Interior of the
Earth
- Active and inactive volcanoes
- Different types of volcanoes
- What happens when volcanoes
erupt
- Energy from volcanoes
- How volcanoes provide information
about the interior of the Earth
The Learner…
the interior of the Earth using
information from volcanoes
The Learner…
 participates in making informed
decisions based on identified
permanent danger zones
around active volcanoes
 shows emergency
preparedness before, during
and after a volcanic eruption
including following advisories
regarding alert levels and calls
for evacuation given by
responsible government
agencies
The Learner…
 identifies the volcanoes in the
community or region
 differentiates between active
and inactive volcanoes
 describes the different types of
volcanoes
 using models or illustrations,
explains what happens when
volcanoes erupt
 using diagrams, illustrates how
energy from volcanoes may be
tapped for human use
 explains how volcanoes
provide information about the
interior of the Earth
 Climate
- Factors that affect climate
- Global climate phenomenon
the factors that affect climate,
the effects of changing climate,
and how to adapt to them
 participates in activities that
reduce risks and lessen effects
of climate change
 explains how different factors
affect the climate of an area
 describes certain climatic
phenomena that occur on a
global level
 Constellations
- Characteristics of stars
- Arrangement of stars in a group
- Changing position of constellations
during the night and at different
times of the year
- Beliefs and practices about
constellations and astrology
the relationship between the
visible constellations in the sky
and Earth’s position along its
orbit
 discusses whether or not beliefs
and practices about
constellations and astrology
have scientific basis
 infers the characteristics of stars
based on the characteristics of
the Sun
 infers that the arrangement of
stars in a group (constellation)
does not change
 observes that the position of a
constellation changes in the
course of a night
 using models, shows which
constellations may be observed
at different times of the year

K to 12 Science
K to 12
 Motion in Two Dimensions
- Projectile Motion
 Conservation of Linear Momentum
The Learner…
projectile motion, impulse and
momentum, and conservation
of linear momentum
The Learner…
 advocates road safety through
various media focusing on
vehicular collisions
 proposes ways to enhance
sports related to projectile
motion
The Learner…
 describes the horizontal and
vertical motions of a projectile
between the angle of release
and the height and range of the
projectile
 relates impulse and momentum
to collisions of objects (e.g.
vehicular collision)
 infers that the total momentum
before and after collision is
equal
 examines effects and predict
causes of collision-related
damages/injuries
 Work Power and Energy
- Changes in form of mechanical
energy
- Conservation of energy
conservation of mechanical
energy
 practices safety in amusement
rides
 explains energy transformation
in various activities/events (e.g.
waterfalls, archery, amusement
rides)
 perform activities to
demonstrate conservation of
mechanical energy
 infer that the total mechanical
energy remains the same
during any process
 Heat, Work, and Efficiency  demonstrates understanding of
the relationship among heat,
work, and efficiency
 practices wise choice of
electrical appliances based on
its energy efficiency
 constructs a model to
demonstrate that heat can do
work
 infers that heat transfer can be
used to do work and that work
involves the release of heat
 explains why machines are
never 100% efficient

K to 12 Science
K to 12
 explains how heat transfer and
energy transformation make
heat engines like geothermal
plants work
 Electricity and magnetism
- Power generation and energy
losses
- Transmission and distribution of
electrical energy from power
plants to homes
power generation,
transmission, and distribution
 communicates how electricity
from powerplants reaches
one’s home
 explains generation and
transmission of electricity
through power stations
 explains the importance of a
national grid system
 enumerates various ways of
generating electricity in the
Philippines and state the
transformation of energy for
each (e.g. hydroelectric,
geothermal or wind power plant)
 describes energy loss in
transmission cables and explain
how these can be prevented
 Plate Tectonics
- Volcanoes, earthquake
epicenters and mountain
ranges
- Their relationship to the plate
boundaries
The Learner…
the relationship among the
locations of volcanoes,
earthquake epicenters and
mountain ranges
The Learner…
 demonstrates ways to ensure
disaster preparedness during
earthquakes, tsunamis and
volcanic eruptions
 suggests ways by which he/she
can contribute to government
efforts in reducing damage due to
earthquakes, tsunamis, and
volcanic eruptions
The Learner…
 explains the presence of active
volcanoes, earthquake epicenters
and mountain ranges along plate
boundaries

K to 12 Science
K to 12
Balance and Stability
Center of Mass and Equilibrium
Characteristics of Fluids and
Solids
The Learner…
balance and stability
the differences between fluids
and solids in terms of its
molecular structure,
compressibility and density
The Learner…
 practices appropriate positions or
movements to achieve efficiency
and safety in performing sports
activities such as basketball,
soccer, tennis, and swimming
The Learner…
 applies Newton’s laws of motion
to discuss translational
equilibrium
 relates center of mass with
balance and stability
 differentiates fluids from solids in
terms of molecular structure,
compressibility and density
 use Pascal’s principle to explain
the principle behind hydraulic
systems and pressure
 explains the relationship
between fluid pressure and depth
and cite real life examples
 Electromagnetic Waves  demonstrates understanding of
the different regions of the
 protects oneself from the dangers
brought about by different
regions/forms of electromagnetic
radiation
 compares the relative
wavelengths of different forms of
 cites examples that show practical
applications of the different
regions of EM waves such as the
use of radio waves in
telecommunications
 explains the effects of EM
radiation to living things and the
environment
 Light  demonstrates understanding of
the images formed by the
different types of mirrors and
lenses
 makes informed choices on
selecting the right type of mirrors
or lenses for specific purposes
 predicts the qualitative
characteristics (orientation, type
and magnification) of
images formed by plane and
curved mirrors
 applies ray diagramming
techniques in describing the
characteristics and positions of

K to 12 Science
K to 12
images formed by lenses
 identifies ways in which the
properties of mirrors and lenses
determine their use in optical
instruments (e.g. camera,
binoculars)
 Electricity and Magnetism
- Electromagnetic effects
the relationship between
electricity and magnetism in
electric motors and generators
 troubleshoots problems related
to electrical devices involving
motors like electric fan
 demonstrates the generation of
electricity by movement of a
magnet through a coil
 makes a model on how a
magnetic field exerts a force on a
wire
 explains the operation of a
simple electric motor and
generator
Coordinated Functions of the
Reproductive, Endocrine and
Nervous Systems
The Learner…
organisms have feedback
mechanisms which are
coordinated by the nervous and
endocrine systems
these feedback mechanisms help
the organism maintain
homeostasis to reproduce and
survive
The Learner…
school nurse or the local health
workers on practices that
promote proper care for the
organs of the reproductive,
endocrine, and nervous systems
The Learner…
 describes the parts of the
reproductive system and their
functions
 explains the roles of hormones
involved in the female and male
reproductive systems
 describes the feedback
mechanisms involved in
regulating processes in the
female reproductive system (e.g.,
menstrual cycle)
 explains the process of
fertilization and the development
of the embryo
 summarizes the process of
reproduction using a concept map
 describes how the nervous
system coordinates and regulates

K to 12 Science
K to 12
these feedback mechanisms to
maintain homeostasis
Heredity: Inheritance and Variation  demonstrates understanding that
the information passed from
parents to offspring is coded in
DNA molecules
the process of DNA replication
genetic information stored in DNA
is used to direct the synthesis of
proteins
the process of protein synthesis
 demonstrates understanding how
mutations in a gene influence the
structure or functions of proteins
mutations that occur in sex cells
can be passed on to the offspring
 makes a concept map
summarizing how heritable
characteristics can be observed in
an organism’s phenotype
(molecular or organism level)
 describes the structure of the
DNA molecule
 explains the process of DNA
replication
 explains the process of protein
synthesis
 explains how mutations may
cause changes to the structure
and function of a protein
Biodiversity and Evolution  demonstrates understanding that
evolution explains diversity of
species and their descent from a
common ancestor
the Theory of Natural Selection
the scientific evidence of natural
selection
 writes an essay on the
importance of adaptation as a
mechanism for the survival of a
species
 explains the theory of natural
selection
 explains how natural selection
can result in speciation and
extinction
 explains how fossil records,
comparative anatomy and genetic
information provide evidence for
evolution
Ecosystems
Flow of Energy and Matter in
Ecosystems
 Biological Diversity,
Adaptation, and Survival
an ecosystem can only support a
limited number of organisms
 designs and conduct an
experiment using yeast or other
suitable organisms to evaluate
the relationship between
 suggests ways to minimize
human impact on the environment
 describes changes caused by
organisms in their environment

K to 12 Science
K to 12
 Population Growth and
Carrying Capacity
biodiversity influences the stability
of ecosystems
population growth and carrying
capacity
 explains how species diversity
increases the probability of
adaptation and survival of
organisms in changing
environments
Grade 10 – Matter
 Gas Laws
- Kinetic Molecular Theory
- Volume, pressure and
temperature relationship
- Ideal gas law
The Learner…
how gases behave based on the
motion and relative distances
between gas particles
the relationships between
volume, temperature and
pressure based on the kinetic
molecular theory
The Learner…
 applies the kinetic molecular
theory in explaining everyday
situations involving gases
The Learner…
between:
- volume and pressure at
constant temperature of a
gas
- volume and temperature at
constant pressure of a gas
- explains these relationships
using the kinetic molecular
theory
 solve problems using the
different gas laws
 Biomolecules
- Elements present in
biomolecules
- Carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins, and nucleic acids
o Food Labels
the structure of biomolecules,
which are made mostly of a
limited number of elements, such
as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
and nitrogen
 interprets food labels in terms of
percentage composition in
relation to the required daily
intake of carbohydrates/sugars,
proteins, and fats
 recognizes the major categories
of biomolecules such as
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins,
and nucleic acids
 Chemical reactions  demonstrates understanding of
chemical reactions associated
with biological and industrial
processes affecting life and the
environment
 using any form of media,
presents the effects of chemical
reactions on biological and
industrial processes affecting life
and the environment
 applies the principles of
conservation of mass to chemical
reactions
 balances equations, given the
formulas for reactants and
products
 recognizes that all chemical
reactions are accompanied by

K to 12 Science
K to 12
energy change
 describes chemical reactions
involved in plant growth, food
digestion and spoilage, and
processes affecting life and the
environment
 enumerates and explains the
factors affecting rates of
chemical reactions
 explains how the factors affecting
rates of chemical reactions are
applied in food preservation and
materials production, control of
fire, pollution, and corrosion
 recognizes the importance of
controlling rates of reactions in
technology

K to 12 science

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