Knowledge Across Borders
- 1. Knowledge Across Borders Accelerate Building Trust to Unleash Innovation Martha G Russell Innovation Ecosystems Network Stanford Media X led Research Initiative October 7, 2010
- 2. Martha G Russell • Public-private partnerships – for science, technology & development – Tecnopolis, MAMTech, IC2 Institute, Incubators linking SMEs to Value Chain, CSATA, Agricultural Experiment Station, UNIDO • Research consortia: University – Industry IDR Research initiatives for education, research and outreach – Microelectronic and Information Sciences Center – Center for the Development of Technology Leadership – Burnt Orange Productions – IC2 Institute (Innovation, Creativity, Capital) Think and Do Tank • Technology Transfer, Marketing and Organizational Change – Internet2 Sociotechnical Summit, 1999 – Brand relationships, Retail messaging, Youth markets
- 3. Although people can communicate anywhere, anytime, it’s difficult for anyone to have all the insights necessary at any one time for major decisions on the complex global issues Innovation takes at least two. Team skills are required. There are winners and loosers.
- 4. The Innovation Ecosystems Network (IEN) brings together an international interdisciplinary team that seeks to develop and diffuse novel data and tools for understanding the catalytic impact of regional ICT experiments.
- 5. Innovation Ecosystems & Value Co-Creation Innovation Ecosystems Transformation Framework A dynamic innovation ecosystem is characterized by a continual realignment of synergistic relationships of people, knowledge, and resources that promote harmonious growth of the system in agile responsiveness to changing internal and external forces. Innovation Ecosystems refer to the inter-organizational, political, economic, environmental, and technological systems through which a milieu conducive to business growth is catalyzed, sustained, and supported. Value is co-created for the innovation ecosystem through events, impacts and coalitions/networks that emerge from a shared vision of the desired transformations. Data-driven metrics measure, track and visualise the transformation, empowering interaction with feedback for the shared vision. www.innovation-ecosystems.org
- 6. Research Problem/Questions Theme: How can data-driven visual social network analysis provide insights on innovation ecosystems? We look for insights that can be used to: • Identify and empower influential individuals for critical actions • Connect components to catalyze the evolution of the ecosystem • Develop and implement programs (meetings, funding, initiatives) to foster co-creator networks • Communicate complexity to co-create vision • Measure and transform an innovation ecosystem How do co-creation networks enable local/regional ROI on innovation investments made for globalization? Work in progress! www.innovation-ecosystems.org
- 7. Structure of the presentation • Innovation models are changing • The places of innovation are changing • Preliminary results from – Executive Women in Tech-Based Companies – Investments into and from China – Norway • Value Co-Creation
- 8. Models of innovation eClusters ! Collaborative Innovation Open innovation- Networks- Gloor Chesbrough 2003 2005 Strategic Innovation- Hamel and Prahalad 1994 End-user Innovation- von Hippel 1986 Economic Innovation (producer innovation)- Schumpeter 1934
- 9. Innovation Ecosystems Silicon Valley Norway The highest concentration of National and regional level entrepreneurial high-tech innovation systems and companies in the world; policies & support Government-Academia- STANFORD: Entrepreneurial management Industry relations Federal funding for fundamental research The network of Norwegian universities and Problem-oriented laboratories polytechnics, technology centers, Faculty leaves and industry affiliates programs, and other operations… Students as inventors, disseminators, and workforce Encouraging student entrepreneurship on campus … Silicon Valley dense but ad hoc social networks and Knowledge nearby planting ground for ideas, startups, & funding Innovation Ecosystem NetworksResources People Transformation Shared vision
- 10. Infrastructure for Resource Flows - - - Relationships The Way We USED to Think About Organizations New Organizational Chart Based on Relationships Relationship-Focused Co-Creation Infrastructure (Companies are interlocked through key people – information flow, norms, mental models.(Davis,1996) (Visual) Social Network Analysis “. . . allows investigators to gain new insights into the patterning of social connections, and it helps investigators to communicate their results to others.“ (Freeman, 2009)
- 11. Relationship Interlocks • Executives and key employees – Transfer of technologies and knowledge, professional networks, business culture, value-chain resources • Directors – US Fortune 500 firms interlocked (shared directors) with average 7 other firms • Corporate governance embedded and filtered through social structures – Executive compensation, strategies for takeovers, defending against takeovers • Gerald F. Davis, “The Significance of Board Interlocks for Corporate Governance,” Corporate Governance 4:3, 1996 • Investors and service providers – Awareness of external forces, competitive insights, resource leverage • Relationship interlocks provide – Social relationship “filter” for governance, information flow & norms – Transfer of implicit and explicit know-how – Mental models http://fusionenterprises.ca/Business_Training.php
- 12. Archetypes of Social Business Design • Ecosystem – a community of connections • HiveMind – a socially calibrated mindset of individuals • Dynamic Signal - the constant multi-faceted means of collaboration • Metafilter- a method of finding signals in vast amounts of noise
- 13. Social Roles in Social Media • Answer person – Outward ties to local isolates – Relative absence of triangles – Few intense ties • Reply Magnet – Ties from local isolates often inward only – Sparse, few triangles – Few intense ties Discussion person Ties from local isolates often inward only Dense, many triangles Numerous intense ties Journal of Social Structure “Visualizing the Signatures of Social Roles in Online Discussion Groups” http://www.cmu.edu/joss/content/articles/volume8/Welser/
- 14. Through personal relationships companies have interconnects
- 15. http://www.fabcats.org/owners/feeding/info.html http://www.flickr.com/photos/manpsing/2618332693/ Passive Learning Active Learning
- 16. Traditional Data Gathering Methods http://www.flickr.com/photos/tomatoskin/1339929731/
- 17. Have to react QUICKLY http://www.flickr.com/photos/clydeorama/3495284608/
- 18. Data to measure/track innovation? Social News Organizations Media Federation Private Visualization Data Analysis Mining
- 19. IEN Dataset Global dataset, includes China Updated quarterly with 20% growth each quarter Neil Rubens, Kaisa Still, Jukka Huhtamaki, Martha G. Russell “Leveraging Social Media for Analysis of Innovation Players and Their Moves” Technical Martha Report. Media X, Stanford University, Feb.2010.
- 20. Making Relationships Visible Willie Framework, OPAALS, 2010.
- 21. Data for Visualization & Knowledge Crystallization Accessing Data Streams about Innovation Building a Dataset on Innovation Crystallisation Through Visualisation The Card-Mackinlay-Shneiderman visualisation reference model:(Card et al., 1999; Miksch, 2005)
- 22. Towards Actionable Co-Creation Insights Relationship interlocks structure We apply these methods and tools to resource flows for co-creation. better understand how local/regional investments made for globalization can Openly accessible data provides return benefits to the local region. directional results. Data can be federated to co-create datasets. Visual network analysis • Reveals co-creation relationships Make complex relationships known for • People, companies, funding sharing and co-creation • Reveals patterns of co-creation • Existing edges and potential links • Provides analytical opportunities • Augment dataset with data from multiple sources, if needed • Communicates complex relationships to diverse groups Johari Window, Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham, 1955
- 23. Place of innovation Innovation Acceleration Networks ! Innovation Cluster- Yim Regional 2008, 2002 Innovation Systems- Clusters- Porter Metcalfe 1995 1998, Saxenian 1994 Menlo Park (Research Park) 1948, Stanford Industrial Park 1951, Research Triangle Park 1959 Localized concentrations - Marshall 1890
- 24. . Technology-based companies - worldwide, Dec 2009 35,000 companies include: Sectors: Advertising, biotech, cleantech, consulting, ecommerce, enterprise, games_video, hardware, legal, mobile, network_hosting, public relations, search, security, semiconductor, software, web, other firms serving these. Investment profiles from Ltd to public, financing rounds identified Merger & Acquisition profiles Neil Rubens, Kaisa Still, Jukka Huhtamaki, Martha G. Russell “Leveraging Social Media for Analysis of Innovation Players and Their Moves” Technical Report. Media X, Stanford University, Feb.2010.
- 25. . . Employees in technology-based companies - worldwide, Dec 2009 Neil Rubens, Kaisa Still, Jukka Huhtamaki, Martha G. Russell “Leveraging Social Media for Analysis of Innovation Players and Their Moves” Technical Report. Media X, Stanford University, Feb.2010.
- 26. . Technology-based companies – worldwide by employee size and sector, Dec 2009 Neil Rubens, Kaisa Still, Jukka Huhtamaki, Martha G. Russell “Leveraging Social Media for Analysis of Innovation Players and Their Moves” Technical Report. Media X, Stanford University, Feb.2010.
- 27. Number of European Technology-based companies Dec 2009 Neil Rubens, Kaisa Still, Jukka Huhtamaki, Martha G. Russell “Leveraging Social Media for Analysis of Innovation Players and Their Moves” Technical Report. Media X, Stanford University, Feb.2010.
- 28. . Number of European Technology-based companies by employee size, Dec 2009 Neil Rubens, Kaisa Still, Jukka Huhtamaki, Martha G. Russell “Leveraging Social Media for Analysis of Innovation Players and Their Moves” Technical Report. Media X, Stanford University, Feb.2010.
- 29. Number of European Technology-based companies By sector, Dec 2009 Neil Rubens, Kaisa Still, Jukka Huhtamaki, Martha G. Russell “Leveraging Social Media for Analysis of Innovation Players and Their Moves” Technical Report. Media X, Stanford University, Feb.2010.
- 30. European Technology-based companies By sector and number of employees, Dec 2009 Neil Rubens, Kaisa Still, Jukka Huhtamaki, Martha G. Russell “Leveraging Social Media for Analysis of Innovation Players and Their Moves” Technical Report. Media X, Stanford University, Feb.2010.
- 31. Distance Old New
- 32. The new maps may be based on the connections - rather than on distance.
- 33. Example: Executive Women in Technology-Based Companies • National dependence on science, technology, math for competitiveness • Shortage of women entering, staying, leading • In tech-based companies, – roughly 8 % executives are women • Cleantech sector lowest – Fewer women in: enterprise, semiconductor and mobile • Biotech sector highest – More women in public relations, legal, consulting What interventions can attract more women to leadership positions in technology-based companies?
- 34. Type of Networks Company Executives, Investors And Board Members in Technology-Based Companies Figure 1: Point-to-Point Figure 2: Tree Figure 3: Complex Tree Figure 4: Simple Star Figure 5: Complex Star Figure 6: Mesh Figure 7: Complex Mesh Kaisa Still, Neil Rubens, Jukka Huhtamäki, and Martha Russell , “Networks of Executive Women in Technology-Based Innovation Ecosystems,” Technical Report
- 35. Networks of Female and Male Executives in Companies in the Clean Tech Sector Kaisa Still, Neil Rubens, Jukka Huhtamäki, and Martha Russell , “Networks of Executive Women in Technology-Based Innovation Ecosystems,” Technical Report
- 36. Networks of Female and Male Executives in Companies in the Biotech Sector Kaisa Still, Neil Rubens, Jukka Huhtamäki, and Martha Russell , “Networks of Executive Women in Technology-Based Innovation Ecosystems,” Technical Report
- 37. Networks of Female and Male Executives in Companies in the Public Relations Sector Kaisa Still, Neil Rubens, Jukka Huhtamäki, and Martha Russell , “Networks of Executive Women in Technology-Based Innovation Ecosystems,” Technical Report
- 38. Networks of Female and Male Executives in Companies in the Web Services Sector Kaisa Still, Neil Rubens, Jukka Huhtamäki, and Martha Russell , “Networks of Executive Women in Technology-Based Innovation Ecosystems,” Technical Report
- 39. Networks of Female Executives in Companies – All Sectors Kaisa Still, Neil Rubens, Jukka Huhtamäki, and Martha Russell , “Networks of Executive Women in Technology-Based Innovation Ecosystems,” Technical Report
- 40. CTOs the CTO of doctr.com CTO at Hemarina Vice President Co-founder of Engineering at Survey HEMARINA Monkey Kaisa Still, Neil Rubens, Jukka Huhtamäki, and Martha Russell , “Networks of Executive Women in Technology-Based Innovation Ecosystems,” Technical Report
- 41. CTOs – R&D Execs Advisor at Chief Software Editor at Principal Research PlaceBlogger Yandex Scientist at Yahoo! Was a VP at Netscape and AOL, a senior director of Product Development at Yahoo Kaisa Still, Neil Rubens, Jukka Huhtamäki, and Martha Russell , “Networks of Executive Women in Technology-Based Innovation Ecosystems,” Technical Report
- 42. Creative CMOs – Biz Dev Director of User Product Marketing VP, Marketing at Loopt Experienceof Kosmix Manager at Google Was VP Marketing at Was Principal UI Worked in Public Project Playlist Designer at Bebo Relations at Apple, Marketing at Tiny Pictures, Kaisa Still, Neil Rubens, Jukka Huhtamäki, and Martha Russell , “Networks of Executive Women in Technology-Based Innovation Ecosystems,” Technical Report
- 43. CEOs CEO of Piazzza CEO of NUS Enterprise at worked at Facebook on the National University of CEO of SeedCamp their News Feed Team Singapore was part of the Was Managing Director, Venture team at 3i Investments, of Bio*One Capital Pte Ltd Kaisa Still, Neil Rubens, Jukka Huhtamäki, and Martha Russell , “Networks of Executive Women in Technology-Based Innovation Ecosystems,” Technical Report
- 44. Board Members CEO of FON USA and Advisor at Betwyx Co-Chair Disney Media president of the US Advisory Was VP, Western Networks and Board Sales at Glam President, Disney-ABC Board of Directors of Posit Media. Television Group Science, Sabrix, Was VP of sales at AccountNow, Danger, MySapce QuinStreet, The Threshold Group and the Board of Directors of the NVCA Kaisa Still, Neil Rubens, Jukka Huhtamäki, and Martha Russell , “Networks of Executive Women in Technology-Based Innovation Ecosystems,” Technical Report
- 45. Founders Founder/CEO SmartWork Network Founder of TinyMassive Co-founded Flickr Formerly COO Ran Yhoo Tech Dev Wireless @ group Realhome.com Co-founded Brickhouse Now product Officer at Hunch Kaisa Still, Neil Rubens, Jukka Huhtamäki, and Martha Russell , “Networks of Executive Women in Technology-Based Innovation Ecosystems,” Technical Report
- 46. Founders Founder of Google CEO and Founder of Webmaster Central LiveHit Co-founder at Now works for Ignition Was Vice President of 23andMe Partners as an Products and Marketing „entrepreneur in residence‟ at Piczo Kaisa Still, Neil Rubens, Jukka Huhtamäki, and Martha Russell , “Networks of Executive Women in Technology-Based Innovation Ecosystems,” Technical Report
- 47. Investors Invested in Fluidinfo; The Investor at Extrodinaries; Factual; InnerRewards A Partner with Accel Partners Vizu;Square; Vurve; Was executive Board at Wetpaint; Trulia; Fluidinfo; ChallengePost; digital strategist Kosmix; Jaser Design; Airship Ventures; Joobili; at Johnson & Imperva; Forescout; Glam Dopplr; Wee Web Johnson Media Kaisa Still, Neil Rubens, Jukka Huhtamäki, and Martha Russell , “Networks of Executive Women in Technology-Based Innovation Ecosystems,” Technical Report
- 48. NETWORKS MATTER
- 50. What is Silicon Valley? The highest concentration of entrepreneurial high-tech companies in the world In 2009 nearly 50% of US VC went to Silicon Valley’s. SV is characterized by dense networks of innovation.
- 51. Silicon Valley Number of technology companies by sector – High proportion are small cos (startups) Neil Rubens, Kaisa Still, Jukka Huhtamaki, Martha G. Russell “Leveraging Social Media for Analysis of Innovation Players and Their Moves” Technical Report. Media X, Stanford University, Feb.2010.
- 53. Example: Chinese International Investments Context of Investments into/from China Socially constructed dataset, in English, openly available– all challenges in China Socially Innovation Ecosystems Dataset: Constructed Data •323 technology-based companies with one or more locations in China •42 Chinese, 77 foreign investment firm Social •Investment into China US$ 5.4 B Network •Investment originating from China Analysis US$ 3.1 B Insights explored: Insights into Innovation The flow of financial resources into and out of China More illustrative than descriptive/prescriptive results Neil Rubens, Kaisa Still, Jukka Huhtamaki, Martha G. Russell, A Network Analysis of Investment Firms as Resource Routers in Chinese Innovation Ecosystem, Journal of Networks, Fall, 2010. Innovation Ecosystem Network
- 54. More Specific: Context of eCIS sector eCommerce and electronic security= eCommerce, software search, network hosting, mobile, games &video, enterprise Initial Data Analysis: 53% (113) of the Chinese companies Socially Constructed from eCIS business sector Data 50 % (66) of the foreign companies are from the eCIS business sector Social Network Toward Insights about: Analysis Patterns and differences in the Insights into characteristics of investment flows Innovation into and from China Neil Rubens, Kaisa Still, Jukka Huhtamaki, Martha G. Russell, A Network Analysis of Investment Firms as Resource Routers in Chinese Innovation Ecosystem, Journal of Networks, Fall, 2010. Innovation Ecosystem Network
- 55. HARVEST Investments from Chinese (making investments) Neil Rubens, Kaisa Still, Jukka Huhtamaki, Martha G. Russell, A Network Analysis of Investment Firms as Resource Routers in Chinese Innovation Ecosystem, Journal of Networks, Fall, 2010. Innovation Ecosystem Network
- 56. CULTIVATION Investments into China (receiving investments) Neil Rubens, Kaisa Still, Jukka Huhtamaki, Martha G. Russell A Network Analysis of Investment Firms as Resource Routers in Chinese Innovation Ecosystem, Journal of Networks, Fall, 2010. Innovation Ecosystem Network
- 57. Emerging Chinese business clusters linked by firms’ relatioships Neil Rubens, Kaisa Still, Jukka Huhtamaki, Martha G. Russell A Network Analysis of Investment Firms as Resource Routers in Chinese Innovation Ecosystem, Journal of Networks, Fall, 2010.
- 58. Topline Findings • Cultivation / Harvesting modes - value co- creation • Chinese interlocks at the investment firm level – Government-led investment firms – Knowledge of government guarantees – Investments in firms that return benefits to China • Global interlocks at both investment firm and enterprise levels • Opportunity network & value co-creation http://successbeginstoday.org/wordpress/wp-content/unexpected2.jpg
- 60. Example: Norwegian Tech-based Companies Their Branch Offices and Their Financial Orgs Example view to IEN dataset in Gephi. Companies are selected with keyword search “Norway + Norwegian;” the funding Links show relationships organizations associated with those companies are added Nodes represent companies and their investors; edges indicate resource flows. The network layout is created with Yifan Hu Multilevel PRELIMINARY algorithm and nodes are inflated according to their indegree, i.e. the number of the connected investors.
- 61. Advisors & Investors Expand Access Investors leverage co-creation opportunities with investments in multiple companies. Intl companies not shown. Companies leverage value co-creation opportunities through relationships with multiple investors. Some investors are international. Timeline analysis of investment events reveals patterns of co-investment – an indication of intention to co-create value and, perhaps, stimulus programs. IEN Dataset, July 2010
- 62. International Relationships for Value Co-Creation Huge opportunities for international relationships lie 2 & 3 degrees out from Norwegian companies IEN Dataset, July 2010 Example view to IEN dataset for keyword search. Nodes represent companies and their previous and current employees. The network layout is created with Fruchterman Reingold algorithm and nodes are inflated according to their outdegree. Protocols for anonymity are evolving.
- 63. Globalization of Innovation Ecosystems Norwegian tech-based companies with financing are more likely to have networked relationships. Norwegian tech-based companies have access to global relationships through current board members, investors, and IEN Dataset, July 2010 key personnel.
- 64. Discussion & Takeaways Knowledge crystallization provides co-creation feedback loop: also support for interventions, action research, policy analysis. Visualizations reveal multidimensional complexities. SNA metrics highlight patterns of ecosystem relationships. Technically, our framework for tracking, processing and visualizing data enables the parallel uses of various state of the art analysis tools. Data sources abound and can be federated for co-creation of analytical & actionable insights. Collaborations are welcome. Discovering the story behind numbers and their visualizations requires context, perspective, interaction and iteration! www.innovation-ecosystems.org
- 65. What do we know to ask? What can we learn that we don’t know to ask? Make complex relationships known for sharing and co-creation http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_qFju91K89HM/SxRpABd1DTI/AAAAAAAABjw/6LaSJfjfk-I/s1600/Unexpected_Guests.jpg
- 66. Innovation Ecosystems Network • Martha G Russell, PhD, martha.russell@stanford.edu – Sr. Research Scholar, HSTAR Institute – Associate Director, Media X at Stanford University • Neil Rubens, PhD, neil@hrstc.org – Assistant Professor, Graduate School of Information Systems – University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo • Jukka Huhtamäki, jukka.huhtamaki@tut.fi – Researcher, Lecturer – Hypermedia Laboratory (HLab) of Tampere University of Technology (TUT). • Kaisa Still, PhD, kaisastill@yahoo.com – Knowledge Management Specialist – Beijing DT Electronic Technology Co., Ltd • Mario Gastel, mariogastel@zeelandnet.nl – Graduate student, Texas Advertising, UT Austin – Fulbright Scholar (2009-11) • Jiafeng (Camilla) Yu, camillayu@gmail.com – M.A. in Advertising in Planning Track – The University of Texas at Austin http://www.innovation-ecosystems.org
- 67. Appendix IEN Work in Progress Regional case studies are underway: •Cap Digital, Paris •Birmingham Science Park Aston •New York City Media Labs Recent & Future presentations July 31, Huangshan, China, “A Network Analysis of Investment Firms as Resource Routers in Chinese Innovation Ecosystem,” International Symposium on eCommerce and Internet Security 2010. August 2, 2010, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, “Identifying Value Co-creation in Innovation Ecosystems Using Social Network Analysis,” Inaugural Lecture: Innovation Forum. August 5, 2010, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan, “Leveraging Social Media for Analysis of Business Networks in Regional Technology Development.” September 14－17, 2010, Nokia, Finland, “Social Networks and Co-creation in Innovation Ecosystems,” EBRF 2010. September 18-19, 2010, Beijing, China, “Innovation Ecosystems: New Insights with Network Approach,” Beijing First Global World City Conference. October 5, 2010, Skei, Norway, “Innovation Ecosystems in Traditional and Changing Cultures: Examples from Minnesota and Silicon Valley”, Norwegian Information Technology Forum. October 7, 2010, Olso, Norway, “Knowledge Across Borders: Accelerate Building Trust to Unleash Innovation,” Business Institute. October 22, 2010, Madrid, Spain, “Using Social Media to Leverage Triple Helix Insights in Innovation Ecosystems,” Workshop at Triple Helix Conference VIII, October 12, 2010, Madrid, Spain. November 7-10, 2010, Austin, TX, “Using Data-Driven Social Network Analysis for Insights on Innovation and Change,” INFORMS, Austin, TX. November 14 – 17, 2010, Sacramento, CA, “Social Media Conversations and Value Networks in the Green-tech Innovation Ecosystem,” 2010 Behavior, Energy and Climate Change Conference.
- 68. Collaboration is invited. Let’s Get Started! Martha.Russell@stanford.edu 68