Knowledge based system
- 1. Knowledge Based System and Representation(Expert System) Prof. Neeraj Bhargava Kapil Chauhan Department of Computer Science School of Engineering & Systems Sciences MDS University, Ajmer
- 2. WHAT IS KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEM KBS is a computer program that uses artificial intelligence to solve problems within a specialized domain that ordinarily requires human expertise Examples : Expert Systems Typical tasks of an expert system:- classification, diagnosis, monitoring, design, scheduling, and planning for specialized tasks.
- 3. KBS AS REAL-WORLD PROBLEM SOLVERS A KBS draws upon the knowledge of human experts captured in a knowledge-base to solve problems that normally require human expertise Uses Heuristic (cause-and-effect) rather than algorithms Two approaches are used: Rule based reasoning, Case based reasoning Rule-based reasoning : Systems encode expert knowledge as rules Case-based reasoning : Systems encode expert knowledge as cases
- 5. KBS AS DIAGNOSTIC TOOL Diagnosis - Identification about a problem Interpretation – Understanding of a situation from available information Design – Develops configurations that satisfy constraints of the problem Monitoring – Checks performance & flags inconsistencies Control – Collects & evaluate evidence from opinions on that evidence Debugging – Identifies and prescribes remedies for malfunctions
- 6. DEVELOPING A KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEM Determining characteristics of the problem To describe problem, knowledge engineer and domain expert work together Knowledge engineer : A computer scientist that design and implement programs that incorporate AI techniques Knowledge Engineer job : translate knowledge into computer usable language, designs an inference engine, integrate use of uncertain knowledge in the reasoning process, determine useful explanation to end user Domain expert : An individual who has significant expertise in the domain of the expert system being developed.
- 7. Interface • Enables users to query the knowledge based system Inference Engine • Interacts with the knowledge base to glean insights to support decisions Knowledge Base • Expert knowledge encoded as rules • Solutions to old problems represented as cases KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
- 8. WHAT IS KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION? Part of AI which concerned with AI agents thinking and how thinking contributes to intelligent behavior of agents Make computer understand the real world information to solve the complex real world problems such as diagnosis a medical condition, communicating humans in natural language Knowledge representation enables an intelligent machine to learn from that knowledge and experiences so that it can behave intelligently like a human.
- 9. APPROACHES TO KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION Simple relational knowledge Simplest way of storing facts and each fact about a set of the object is set out systematically in columns Use in database system where the relationship between different entities is represented Inheritable knowledge In this, all data stored into hierarchy of classes This approach contains inheritable knowledge This shows a relation between instance and class, and it is called instance relation
- 10. APPROACHES TO KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION Inferential knowledge Represents knowledge in the form of formal logics Use to derive more facts Procedural knowledge This approach use small programs and codes which describes how to do specific things, and how to proceed Rule used : If-Then rule Coding languages used : LISP language and Prolog language
- 11. Assignment Explain Knowledge based System and its representation with example.