kurento-nubomedia-first-steps-v1
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The document discusses the architecture and functionalities of Nubomedia, a cloud infrastructure for WebRTC and multimedia real-time communications. It highlights the role of media servers, various application models, and the challenges of scalability and performance in RTC services, including transcoding, media processing, and application logic. Additionally, it outlines the evolution and future capabilities of media servers, emphasizing the need for effective load balancing and dynamic resource allocation.
kurento-nubomedia-first-steps-v1
- 1. Nubomedia: the cloud infrastructure for WebRTC and IMS multimedia real-time communications Luis Lopez lulop@kurento.org
- 2. WebRTC infrastructures http://www.kurento.org 2 Peer-to-Peer WebRTC Application (without media infrastructure) WebRTC video stream WebRTC Application based on media infrastructure media infrastructure
- 3. WebRTC media servers: the simplest WebRTC infrastructure • Media server – Monolithic software – Based on shared memory – Scales well vertically – Can’t scale horizontally • Media server vendors – Software vendors – Hardware vendors http://www.kurento.org 3
- 4. WebRTC media server vendors http://www.kurento.org 4
- 5. Function of WebRTC media servers http://www.kurento.org 5 Transcoding media server VP8 H.264 MCU/SFU media server Recording media server
- 6. Evolution of media servers Current media servers http://www.kurento.org 6 What common WebRTC Media Servers do: • Transcoding • MCU • Recording What future Media Servers will do: • Flexible processing • Augmented reality • Blending • Mixing • Analyzing • Etc. Media is here Media goes there Transcoding MCU/SFU Recording Media is here Rich Media goes there Future media servers Media Events Transcoding, MCU/SFU, Recording, Enrich, Augment, Analyze, Combine, Transform, Adapt, … Context Content Commands
- 7. Kurento Media Server http://www.kurento.org 7 Sink SRC Sink SRC SRC Sink Sink Media Element • Provides a specific media functionality › Send/receive media › Process media › Transform media • Exchange media through › Sources › Sinks Media pipeline • Chain of media elements implementing the desired media logic. • The Media API provides the capability of creating media pipelines by joining media elements of the toolbox Media Element Sink SRC
- 8. Creating applications basing on Kurento Media Server H pEndpoint WebRtcEndpoint Application 2 IPTVConnector Mixer FaceDetector PointerTracker BarCodeReader HeartRateBlender ChromaFilter FaceOverlay http://www.kurento.org 8 Protocols & Codecs Computer Vision Augmented Reality Mul sensory Mul media DataChannelEndpoint PlayerEndpoint RecorderEndpoint Media Repository IPTV Integra on Group Communica ons Sink% Sink% SRC% RtpEndpoint SRC$ Sink% SRC% Sink% SRC% Sink% Sink% SRC% SRC% Sink% SRC% Sink% Sink% SRC% SRC% Sink% Sink% SRC$ CdnUpload Sink% Sink SRC Sink Sink SRC SRC Sink Sink Application 3 Sink SRC Sink Sink SRC Sink Sink SRC Application 1 Sink SRC Sink SRC Sink SRC Sink SRC Toolbox of media elements
- 9. Beyond media servers: WebRTC clouds and the problem of scalability http://www.kurento.org 9 WebRTC Application based on media infrastructure WebRTC Cloud
- 10. Cloud models for WebRTC infrastructures IaaS SaaS http://www.kurento.org 10 PaaS Provider - Computing resources Developer - Installation - Administration - Security - Application logic Provider - Development API Developer - Application logic Provider - Service Developer - Nothing to do
- 11. WebRTC PaaS APIs: Requirements • Requirements of WebRTC PaaS APIs – Functional requirements • Media transport – Media endpoint – Media replication – Media routing • Media persistence – Media storage – Media recovery • Media processing – Transcoding – Analysis – Augmentation – Non-functional requirements • Security • Dependability • Scalability http://www.kurento.org 11
- 12. WebRTC multimedia session • RFC 5117 – A multimedia session is an association among a group of participants engaged in the communication via one or more RTP Sessions. • Characterized by – Communication topology • Graph of multimedia flows – Multimedia processing • Function of each edge of the graph of media flows http://www.kurento.org 12 Transport Transcode Record
- 13. Scalability of RTC multimedia services “Broadcasting Non-RTC” http://www.kurento.org 13 Number of concurrent sessions Number of users per session WebRTC PaaS Phone system TV Broadcasting CDNs Media Server based Services “RTC calls” “Home-made RTC” “Beyond RTC calls”
- 14. Scalability of RTC multimedia services “Broadcasting Non-RTC” http://www.kurento.org 14 Number of concurrent sessions Number of users per session WebRTC PaaS Phone system TV Broadcasting CDNs Media Server based Services “RTC calls” “Home-made RTC” “Beyond RTC calls”
- 15. The scalability problem in “call” clouds Call Call Call Call Call Call Call Call Call Call Call Call Call Call Call Call Call
- 16. Anatomy of WebRTC PaaS for call models: Flat Architecture Application Server Broker Function http://www.kurento.org 16 Load Balancer Function Function IaaS Cloud Manager Media Server Function Cloud Orchestrator
- 17. Cloud functions: IaaS manager Infrastructure as a Service APIs Security Management http://www.kurento.org 17 IaaS Cloud Manager Cloud Orchestrator • Function Applica. on%Server% %Func. on% Broker%Func. on% – Provides APIs for IaaS management • Images • Instances • Storage • Metrics • Security • Etc. • Requires – Physical infrastructure Cloud Orchestrator Image Management Computing Management Storage Management Networking Management Metrics and KPIs Load%Balancer% Func. on% IaaS%Cloud%Manager% Media%Server% Func. on% Cloud%Orchestrator%
- 18. Cloud functions: Cloud Orchestrator Infrastructure as a Service APIs Security Management http://www.kurento.org 18 IaaS Cloud Manager Cloud Orchestrator • Function Applica. on%Server% %Func. on% Broker%Func. on% – Lifecycle management of the Nubomedia platform • It acquires virtual resources and allocate them to the specific services – Runtime management with autoscaling • It instantiates new service instances in situations of peak load • It scales in service instances whenever they are not required any longer • Requires – Autoscaling rules • Ex. If average load is over 60% add two new instances Image Management Computing Management Storage Management Networking Management Metrics and KPIs Load%Balancer% Func. on% IaaS%Cloud%Manager% Media%Server% Func. on% Cloud%Orchestrator%
- 19. Media Server Function http://www.kurento.org 19 Application Server Instance Send Receive Analyze Augment Enrich Media Control Protocol Transform Transcode Record Process Replicate Media Server Instance • Function %Func. on% – Provides media capabilities Applica. on%Server% • WebRTC transport • Recording • Transcoding • Etc. • Requires – Control Protocol – Media Protocols – Media Codecs Media Server Instance Load%Balancer% Func. on% Broker%Func. on% IaaS%Cloud%Manager% Media%Server% Func. on% Cloud%Orchestrator%
- 20. Broker Function http://www.kurento.org 20 Application Server Instance Broker Function Media Server Instance Media Server Instance Media Server Instance Media Server Instance • Function Applica. on%Server% %Func. on% Broker%Func. on% – Assigns “call” to specific media server instances • Give me a media server instance to take care of this call – “call” are never split among media servers • Requires – Scheduling policy • Round robing • Random • Less load • Etc. – Registration of MSis • All media server instances need to be known by the broker Call Call Load%Balancer% Func. on% IaaS%Cloud%Manager% Media%Server% Func. on% Cloud%Orchestrator%
- 21. Application Server Client request • Function http://www.kurento.org 21 Signaling frontend Security logic API logic Application Server Instance – Signaling Load%Balancer% Func. on% Applica. on%Server% %Func. on% IaaS%Cloud%Manager% • Send/receive of signaling messages – Security logic • Authentication, Authorization, Accounting – API logic • Control of media server functions for providing API semantics • Requires – Signaling protocol implementation • SIP, JSON, etc. – Security rules • ACLs, CAP, etc. – Specific logic • Media server dependent Broker%Func. on% Media%Server% Func. on% Cloud%Orchestrator%
- 22. Load balancer • Function Applica. on%Server% %Func. on% Broker%Func. on% – Distributes client requests among available AS instances – Usually stateful • Requires – Balancing policy • Round robin • Random • Less load • Etc. • Scaling needs – Low http://www.kurento.org 22 Client App. Load Balancer Function Application Server Instance Client App. Client App. Application Server Instance Application Server Instance Load%Balancer% Func. on% IaaS%Cloud%Manager% Media%Server% Func. on% Cloud%Orchestrator%
- 23. The flat Nubomedia implementation Application Server Broker Function http://www.kurento.org 23 Load Balancer Function Function IaaS Cloud Manager Media Server Function Cloud Orchestrator
- 24. Instance Lifecycle Packer Open Stack Heat http://www.kurento.org 24 OpenStack Glance OpenStack Swift Media Server Image Application Server Image Broker Image Load Balancer Image Heat Orchestration Template OpenStack Nova Scalability Group Autoscaling Rules Launch configurations Scalability Group Scalability Group Scalability Group Load Balancer Instance Application Server Instance Application Server Instance Broker Instance Media Server Instance Media Server Instance Media Server Instance
- 25. Scalability of RTC multimedia services “Broadcasting Non-RTC” http://www.kurento.org 25 Number of concurrent sessions Number of users per session WebRTC PaaS Phone system TV Broadcasting CDNs Media Server based Services “RTC calls” “Home-made RTC” “Beyond RTC calls”
- 26. Beyond calls: convergence of broadcasting and phone-like services http://www.kurento.org 26 Users in call Monitoring users Users can dynamically change their role
- 27. The scalability problem in “beyond call” clouds http://www.kurento.org 27 Media stream One to MANY
- 28. Anatomy of WebRTC PaaS for call models: Hierarchical Architecture Application Server Broker Function http://www.kurento.org 28 Load Balancer Function Function IaaS Cloud Manager Media Server Function Cloud Orchestrator
- 29. Media Server Function http://www.kurento.org 29 Media Server Instance Media Server Instance Media Server Instance Media Server Instance Media Server Instance Media Server Instance • Function Load%Balancer% Func. on% Applica. on%Server% %Func. on% Broker%Func. on% IaaS%Cloud%Manager% – Provides elastics media capabilities • Strong dependencies among media server instances • Media servers connect following a specific topology • Requires – Glue mechanism among media server instances Media%Server% Func. on% Cloud%Orchestrator%
- 30. The elastic media server http://www.kurento.org 30 • Elasticity Applica. on%Server% %Func. on% Broker%Func. on% – On the number of media pipelines • Number of concurrent sessions – On the number of elements per media pipeline • Number of concurrent users per session – Media Pipeline • Distributed media pipeline • Rigidity – The media element is a monolithic (non distributed) entity Sink SRC Sink SRC Sink SRC Sink SRC Sink SRC Sink SRC Sink SRC Load%Balancer% Func. on% IaaS%Cloud%Manager% Media%Server% Func. on% Cloud%Orchestrator%
- 31. Broker Function Server Instance • Function http://www.kurento.org 31 Application Broker Function Applica. on%Server% %Func. on% Broker%Func. on% – Assigns “call legs” to specific media server instances • Give me a media server instance to take care of this call – “call” are split among different media server instances • Requires – Scheduling policy • Topology aware • Network aware • SLA aware • Etc. – Very complex problem • Leg adding may require additional media server instances • Churn is very complex to manage Media Server Instance Media Server Instance Media Server Instance Media Server Instance Media Server Instance Load%Balancer% Func. on% IaaS%Cloud%Manager% Media%Server% Func. on% Cloud%Orchestrator%
- 32. Hierarchical Nubomedia implementation: Work in progress Applica. on%Server% Broker%Func. on% http://www.kurento.org 32 Load%Balancer% Func. on% %Func. on% IaaS%Cloud%Manager% Media%Server% Func. on% Cloud%Orchestrator% Own implementation
- 33. Lessons learnt • CAP theorem – You cannot be available and consistent at the same time • Implementing security – ACLs are slow • Poisson messages – Managing failures is tricky • Video streams are not like water streams – FIRs & PLIs killed the cat • Scaling out simpler than scaling in – Move or wait? • Managing video quality is THE PROBLEM – Simulcast Vs Transcoding http://www.kurento.org 33
- 34. Nubomedia: the elastic RTC multimedia infrastructure http://www.kurento.org 34 Thanks Partners