L3 cognitive comparisons
- 2. Cognitive Development To Start: Match it. 3 minutes Slaby & Frey Kohlberg Martin & Halverson Hoffman Fagot Proposed Gender Schema Theory Proposed Gender Constancy Theory Found that children who had working mothers gender stereotypes. Found that children who can correctly label spent 80% of their time in same sex groups. Those can’t spend 50% of their time with same-gender Conducted a structured interview and found that childrens’ perceptions of gender were not stable time until the age of 3 or 4 years.
- 3. Today we will consider… • How can Gender Constancy Theory and Gender Schema theory be compared? • How can the cognitive approach to gender as a whole be evaluated? (A03) Cognitive Development
- 4. Re-Cap on Cognitive Theories so far… Cognitive Development 10 Minutes Complete the table on AO1 and AO2 of Kohlberg’s Constancy Theory and Martin and Halverson’s Gender Schema Theory Be as brief as you can, this is only a recap! Use bullet points only! GST GCT AO1 Stud -ies AO2 AO2
- 5. What’s the difference between the theories? Cognitive Development Critical difference is between when the two theories predict that children will begin to absorb gender-relevant knowledge. Kohlberg = Gender Constancy Martin and Halverson = Gender Identity, or as soon as the children have some awareness or which group they belong to.
- 6. Stangor and Ruble (1989): The Compromise! Cognitive Development Argue that the two approaches should be unified. They argue that the two theories represent two different mental processes: - Gender Schema is concerned with the organisation of information and is therefore linked to memory. - Gender Constancy theory is concerned with motivation. When you find out you are a girl and always going to be a girl, you are motivated to find out about the role and behave in gender appropriate ways. They tested children aged 4 to ten years. Findings: 1) Memory and organisation for gender consistent pictures increased with age (Gender Schema Theory) 2) The preference for same sex toys increased with gender constancy (Gender Constancy Theory). How can this be used as AO2 for the Cognitive Approach?
- 7. A03 in groups… Cognitive Development 10 Minutes In 3 groups… How could you create a strong AO3 point about cognitive development theories of gender? Group 1: Nature vs. Nurture Group 2: Determinism vs. Free Will Group 3: Temporal Validity
- 8. Nature or Nature? Cognitive Development Cognitive developmental theory and Gender schema theory ignores the role of genes and hormones in gender development. According to the biological approach it is these which determine your genetic sex (whether you are male or female) and also influence your sense of maleness or femaleness.
- 9. Determinism? Cognitive Development Inflexibility of gender schemas as the children have little choice in choosing what gender they will end up as, with them being strongly influenced by socialisation that is out of their control.
- 10. Real world application? Cognitive Development How far can cognitive approaches be applied today? Gender Schema’s and stereotypes are not necessarily applicable today with the changing roles of men and women. More women are going to work instead of conforming to the traditional house wife role.
- 11. How would other approaches evaluate the cognitive approach to gender? Cognitive Development Biological Evolutionary Biosocial
- 12. To Finish… “ Discuss Cognitive Development Theory” Cognitive Development 5 minutes Bullet point: How would you answer the ‘discuss’ element of the question? How would you approach the A02/A03?