lab-assgn-practical-file-xii-cs.pdf

In [ ]: '''
LAB ASSIGNMENTS XII - COMPUTER SCIENCE 2020-21
As per the Revised Syllabus :
Minimum 20 Python programs. Out of this at least 4 programs
should send SQL commands to a database and retrieve the result.
'''
In [ ]: """
About Python
Python language is named after the BBC show “Monty Python’s Flying Circus”
and has nothing to do with reptiles.Since the best way to learn a language
is to use it, the video invites you to play with the Python Interpreter
as you watch.
Python was created in the early 1990s by Guido van Rossum as a successor
of a language called ABC.In 2001, the Python Software Foundation was formed,
a non-profit organization created specifically to own Python-related Intellectual
Property.
"""
PRACTICAL FILE COMPUTER SCIENCE 2020-2021 http://localhost:8888/nbconvert/html/PRACTICAL FILE COMPUTER SCIENCE 2020-2021.ipynb...
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In [81]: ## Operators and Operands
"""Operators are special tokens that represent computations like addition, multipli
cation and division.
The values the operator works on are called operands.
The following are all legal Python expressions whose meaning is more or less clear:
20 + 32 # 20 and 32 are operants
hour - 1 # hours and 1 are operants
hour * 60 + minute # hours , 60 and minutes are operants
minute / 60 # minutes and 60 are operants
5 ** 2 # 5 and 2 are operants
-3 # 3 is an operand
(5 + 9) * (15 - 7)
"""
print(2 + 3)
print(2 - 3)
print(2 * 3)
print(2 ** 3)
print(3 ** 2)
minutes = 645
hours = minutes / 60
print(hours)
print(7 / 4)
print(7 // 4)
minutes = 645
hours = minutes // 60
print(hours)
quotient = 7 // 3 # This is the integer division operator
print(quotient)
remainder = 7 % 3
print(remainder)
total_secs = 7684
hours = total_secs // 3600
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secs_still_remaining = total_secs % 3600
minutes = secs_still_remaining // 60
secs_finally_remaining = secs_still_remaining % 60
print(hours)
print(secs_still_remaining)
print(minutes)
print(secs_finally_remaining)
print(2 ** 3 ** 2) # the right-most ** operator gets done first!
print((2 ** 3) ** 2) # use parentheses to force the order you want!
5
-1
6
8
9
10.75
1.75
1
10
2
1
2
484
8
4
512
64
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In [ ]: #Strings
#What is a String?
#Strings are sets of characters.
#In Python strings are in triple or double or single quotes like
"Hello World!" or 'Hello World!' or ''''Hello World'''
#A commonly used string in our day to day life is our name.
In [85]: #Character Example : A, B, C, a, b, c, 0,1, 2, 3, @ ,%, & ,[ ,]
'My India' # single quotes
"My India" # double quotes
'''My India''' # Triple quotes
'doesn't' # use ' to escape the single quote.
"doesn't" # or use double quotes instead
'"Yes," they said.' # or use single quotes instead
""Yes," they said." # use " to escape the double quote.
Out[85]: '"Yes," they said.'
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In [84]: # What is n
"""
n is a special character sequence. This sequences are called escape
characters and are there to denote special meaning to a character in
a string.The 'n' sequence is a popular one found in many languages
that support escape sequences.It is used to indicate a new line in a
string.
"""
In [86]: # Use of n without print()
s="First linenSecond line"
s # without print(), n is included in the output
In [87]: # Use of n with print()
s="First linenSecond line"
print(s) # with print(), n produces a new line
Out[84]: "nn is a special character sequence. This sequences are called escapencharact
ers and are there to denote special meaning to a character inna string.The 'n'
sequence is a popular one found in many languagesnthat support escape sequence
s.It is used to indicate a new line in anstring.nn"
Out[86]: 'First linenSecond line'
First line
Second line
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In [88]: """
If you don’t want characters prefaced by to be interpreted as
special characters,you can use raw strings by adding an r before
the first quote:
"""
#print without raw string
print('second') # here n means newline!
In [89]: """
If you don’t want characters prefaced by to be interpreted as
special characters,you can use raw strings by adding an r before
the first quote:
"""
#print with raw string using r
print(r'second') # note the r before the quote . It print with string
seco
d
second
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In [90]: '''
String literals can span multiple lines. One way is using triple-quotes:
End of lines are automatically included in the string, but it’s possible
to prevent this by adding a at the end of the line.
'''
In [91]: # Use of at the end of the line
print("""
Choose Your Option:
1. New Customer
2. Display Customer
""")
In [92]: # Without using at the end of the line
print("""
Choose Your Option:
1. New Customer
2. Display Customer
""")
Out[90]: 'nString literals can span multiple lines. One way is using triple-quotes:nEnd
of lines are automatically included in the string, but it’s possiblento prevent
this by adding a at the end of the line.n'
Choose Your Option:1. New Customer2. Display Customer
Choose Your Option:
1. New Customer
2. Display Customer
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In [93]: # Use of * and + operators with Strings
"""
Strings can be concatenated (glued together) with the
+ operator, and repeated with *:
"""
3 * 'w' + 'e' # 3 times 'w', followed by 'e'
In [94]: """
Two or more string literals (i.e. the ones enclosed between quotes)
next to each other are automatically concatenated.
"""
'Aao' 'Milke' 'Chale'
In [95]: """
Two or more string literals (i.e. the ones enclosed between quotes
[ different types] ) next to each other are automatically concatenated.
"""
"Aao" 'Milke' 'Chale'
Out[93]: 'wwwe'
Out[94]: 'AaoMilkeChale'
Out[95]: 'AaoMilkeChale'
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In [96]: #This feature is particularly useful when you want to break long strings:
text =('Put several strings within parentheses '
'to have them joined together.')
text
In [97]: # This only works with two literals though, not with variables or expressions:
prefix = 'Py'
prefix 'thon' # can't concatenate a variable and a string literal
In [98]: #If you want to concatenate variables or a variable and a literal, use +:
prefix = 'Py'
prefix + 'thon' # can concatenate a variable and a string literal
Out[96]: 'Put several strings within parentheses to have them joined together.'
File "<ipython-input-97-b504f0f3d7d5>", line 3
prefix 'thon' # can't concatenate a variable and a string literal
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
Out[98]: 'Python'
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In [100]: """
Strings can be indexed (subscripted), with the first character having index 0.
There is no separate character type; a character is simply a string of size one:
"""
word = 'Python'
"""
One way to remember how strings are indexed internally we can make a chart
like this:
+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| P | y | t | h | o | n |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0 1 2 3 4 5
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
Note that since -0 is the same as 0, negative indices start from -1.
"""
word[0] # character in position 0
word[5] # character in position 5
#Indices may also be negative numbers, to start counting from the right:
word[-1] # last character
word[-2] # second-last character
word[-6] # first character
#Slicing
"""
In addition to indexing, slicing is also supported.
While indexing is used to obtain individual characters,
slicing allows you to obtain substring:
"""
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word = 'Python'
word[0:2] # characters from position 0 (included) to 2 (excluded)
word[2:5] # characters from position 2 (included) to 5 (excluded)
"""
Note how the start is always included, and the end always excluded.
This makes sure that s[:i] + s[i:] is always equal to s:
word[0:2] + word[2:0] = Full String
"""
word="Python"
print(word[:2] + word[2:])
"""
Slice indices have useful defaults;
an omitted first index defaults to zero, an omitted second index defaults
to the size of the string being sliced.
"""
word[:2] # character from the beginning to position 2 (excluded)
word[4:] # characters from position 4 (included) to the end
word[-2:] # characters from the second-last (included) to the end
#Attempting to use an index that is too large will result in an error:
#word[10]
"""
However, out of range slice indexes are handled gracefully when used
for slicing.Attempting to use a starting index that is larger than the
string internal index will result an empty string:
"""
word[6:] # Max postive index is 5
"""
Attempting to use a ending index that is larger than the string internal
index will result an orginal string:
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"""
word[:6] # Max postive index is 5
"""
Attempting to use a starting index larger than ending index
will result an empty string:
"""
word[3:0] # Max postive index is 5
"""
Working with negative index:
+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| P | y | t | h | o | n |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0 1 2 3 4 5
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
"""
word ="Python"
print(word[0:-3]) # 'Pyt'
"""
Working with negative index:
+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| P | y | t | h | o | n |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0 1 2 3 4 5
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
No output as slicing only works with left to right
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and the ending index must be to the left postion of starting index
or at the same position
"""
word[-3:-6] # No output
# In Slicing don't overlap starting index with ending index.
In [83]: #Quotes Must Matched
'My India" # Quotes Mis-Matched
In [74]: # use of math module in Python
import math
print(math.sqrt(9))
print(math.pow(2,3))
Python
Pyt
Out[100]: ''
File "<ipython-input-83-35f1363fc770>", line 3
'My India" # Quotes Mis-Matched
^
SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal
3.0
8.0
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In [67]: # Python program to implement exponential Operator
num1 = 4
num2 = 3
num3 = 2
num1 = num1 ** (num2 + num3)
print (num1)
In [69]: #Creating and accessing Dictionary keys
d ={ 0: 'a' , 1 : 'b' , 2:'c' ,3:'d' }
for i in d:
print(i)
In [70]: #Creating and accessing Dictionary values
d ={ 0: 'a' , 1 : 'b' , 2:'c' ,3:'d' }
for i in d:
print(d[i])
1024
0
1
2
3
a
b
c
d
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In [72]: # Comparing Two Dictionaries
d1 = {"john":40, "peter":45}
d2 = {"john":466, "peter":45}
d1 == d2
In [71]: #Creating and accessing Dictionary keys and values
d ={ 0: 'a' , 1 : 'b' , 2:'c' ,3:'d' }
for i in d:
print("Key :=",i,"Value :=",d[i])
Out[72]: False
Key := 0 Value := a
Key := 1 Value := b
Key := 2 Value := c
Key := 3 Value := d
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In [64]: # Dictionary Implementation
myDict = {'three': 'tres', 'one': 'uno', 'two': 'dos'}
value = myDict['two']
print(value)
print(myDict['two'])
myDict['four']='Firefox'
print(myDict)
myDict['three'] = 'Google'
print(myDict)
myDict['thre'] = 'IOS'
print(myDict)
myDict[5] = 'New Integer key'
print(myDict)
for key in myDict:
print(myDict[key])
print(myDict.keys())
print(myDict.values())
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dos
dos
{'three': 'tres', 'one': 'uno', 'two': 'dos', 'four': 'Firefox'}
{'three': 'Google', 'one': 'uno', 'two': 'dos', 'four': 'Firefox'}
{'three': 'Google', 'one': 'uno', 'two': 'dos', 'four': 'Firefox', 'thre': 'IOS
'}
{'three': 'Google', 'one': 'uno', 'two': 'dos', 'four': 'Firefox', 'thre': 'IOS
', 5: 'New Integer key'}
Google
uno
dos
Firefox
IOS
New Integer key
dict_keys(['three', 'one', 'two', 'four', 'thre', 5])
dict_values(['Google', 'uno', 'dos', 'Firefox', 'IOS', 'New Integer key'])
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In [65]: # Passing and Modifying Dictionary in a Function
def passDict(myDict):
for key in myDict:
print(myDict[key])
def modifyDict(myDict):
myDict[4] = 'Four'
myDict = {1:'One',2 : 'Two' ,3:'Three'}
passDict(myDict)
print(myDict)
modifyDict(myDict)
print(myDict)
In [60]: # Passing Tuple in a Function
def passList(myTuple):
for position in range(len(myTuple)):
print(myTuple[position])
myTuple = [2, 5, 9]
passList(myTuple)
One
Two
Three
{1: 'One', 2: 'Two', 3: 'Three'}
{1: 'One', 2: 'Two', 3: 'Three', 4: 'Four'}
2
5
9
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In [61]: # Passing Tuple in a Function entering tuple elements directly within function call
passList((2, 5, 9))
In [62]: #Passing Tuple with mixed data in a Function
passList(('String 1','String 2',10, 10.5 , True))
2
5
9
String 1
String 2
10
10.5
True
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In [63]: #We cannot Modify Tuple Inside Function
print("These code will generate an error as Tuples are immutable")
def doubleStuff(myTuple):
""" Try to Overwrite each element in myTuple with double its value. """
myTuple[position] = 2 * myTuple[position]
myTuple = (2, 5, 9)
print(myTuple)
doubleStuff(myTuple)
These code will generate an error as Tuples are immutable
(2, 5, 9)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-63-4bff4907304c> in <module>()
9 myTuple = (2, 5, 9)
10 print(myTuple)
---> 11 doubleStuff(myTuple)
<ipython-input-63-4bff4907304c> in doubleStuff(myTuple)
5 """ Try to Overwrite each element in myTuple with double its value.
"""
6 for position in range(len(myTuple)):
----> 7 myTuple[position] = 2 * myTuple[position]
8
9 myTuple = (2, 5, 9)
TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment
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In [58]: # Passing List with mixed data in a Function
def passList(myList):
for position in range(len(myList)):
print(myList[position])
passList(['String 1','String 2',10, 10.5 , True])
In [57]: # Passing List in a Function entering list directly within function call
passList([2, 5, 9])
String 1
String 2
10
10.5
True
2
5
9
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In [56]: # Passing List in a Function
myList = [2, 5, 9]
passList(myList)
2
5
9
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In [59]: #Modifying List Inside Function
print("""
Lists are mutable.Functions which take lists as arguments and change them during e
xecution
are called modifiers and the changes they make are called side effects.
Passing a list as an argument actually passes a reference to the list,
not a copy of the list. Since lists are mutable, changes made to the elements
referenced by the parameter change the same list that the argument is referencing.
For example, the function below takes a list as an argument and multiplies
each element in the list by 2:
""")
def doubleStuff(aList):
""" Overwrite each element in aList with double its value. """
for position in range(len(aList)):
aList[position] = 2 * aList[position]
things = [2, 5, 9]
print(things)
doubleStuff(things)
print("Äfter function call the list will be modifiedn",things)
print("""
The parameter aList and the variable things are aliases for the same object.
Since the list object is shared by two references, there is only one copy.
If a function modifies the elements of a list parameter, the caller sees the
change since the change is occurring to the original.Note that after the call
to doubleStuff, the formal parameter aList refers to the same object as the
actual parameter things. There is only one copy of the list object itself.
""")
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Lists are mutable.Functions which take lists as arguments and change them durin
g execution
are called modifiers and the changes they make are called side effects.
Passing a list as an argument actually passes a reference to the list,
not a copy of the list. Since lists are mutable, changes made to the elements
referenced by the parameter change the same list that the argument is referenci
ng.
For example, the function below takes a list as an argument and multiplies
each element in the list by 2:
[2, 5, 9]
Äfter function call the list will be modified
[4, 10, 18]
The parameter aList and the variable things are aliases for the same object.
Since the list object is shared by two references, there is only one copy.
If a function modifies the elements of a list parameter, the caller sees the
change since the change is occurring to the original.Note that after the call
to doubleStuff, the formal parameter aList refers to the same object as the
actual parameter things. There is only one copy of the list object itself.
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In [55]: def addnum():
fnum = int(input("Enter first number: "))
snum = int(input("Enter second number: "))
sum = fnum + snum
print("The sum of ",fnum,"and ",snum,"is ",sum)
#function call
addnum()
Enter first number: 45
Enter second number: 67
The sum of 45 and 67 is 112
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In [54]: num = 5 #Global variable
def myfunc1():
#Prefixing global informs Python to use the updated global
#variable num outside the function
global num
num = 10
temp=20 # local variable
print("num reassigned =",num)
#function ends here
myfunc1()
print("Accessing num outside myfunc1",num)
print(temp)
num reassigned = 10
Accessing num outside myfunc1 10
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-54-13412cc8de92> in <module>()
10 myfunc1()
11 print("Accessing num outside myfunc1",num)
---> 12 print(temp)
NameError: name 'temp' is not defined
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In [53]: #Check whether a Number is Armstrong or Not
print("An Armstrong number is an n-digit number that is equal to the sum of the nth
powers of its digits.")
def is_armstrong(x):
t=x
#Codes to find the Number of Digits in the Number
ndigit=0
while t >0:
ndigit =ndigit +1
t=t//10
#Code to Check Armstrong Number
n=x
s=0
while x >0:
m= x %10
s=s+m**ndigit
x=x//10
if s==n:
return "The Number is ArmStrong - SUM = ",s,"Number = ",n
else:
return "The Number is Not ArmStrong - SUM = ",s,"Number = ",n
num=int(input("Enter a Number "))
is_armstrong(num)
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In [66]: # How to use two return statements in a function
def SumOfTwoNumbers(x,y):
z= x+y
w= x*y
return z,w # Returning more than one value
a= int(input("Enter First Number"))
b= int(input("Enter First Number"))
s,t=SumOfTwoNumbers(a,b)
print("The Sum is :" ,s)
print("The Productis :" ,t)
An Armstrong number is an n-digit number that is equal to the sum of the nth pow
ers of its digits.
Enter a Number 175
Out[53]: ('The Number is Not ArmStrong - SUM = ', 469, 'Number = ', 175)
Enter First Number45
Enter First Number78
The Sum is : 123
The Productis : 3510
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In [73]: #Common Functions in Python
print(str(12.5))
print(float(12))
print(int('12'))
n=input("Enter a Number")
print(n)
print('45+10')
print(45+10)
print(eval('45+10'))
exp = input("Enter a valid Mathematical expression")
print(exp)
res =eval(exp)
print(res)
print(max([32,56,43,12,89]))
print(max(45,32,56))
print(max('Ajay','AjaY','Seema','Bony'))
print(min(45,32,56))
print(min('Ajay','AjaY','Seema','Bony'))
print(abs(-5))
print(len([1,2,3,4,5]))
print(len('Palampur'))
for i in range(1,10,2):
print(i,end=' ')
print() # Blank Line
for i in range(1,10,2):
print(i,end='@')
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12.5
12.0
12
Enter a Number45
45
45+10
55
55
Enter a valid Mathematical expression2+3
2+3
5
89
56
Seema
32
AjaY
5
5
8
1 3 5 7 9
1@3@5@7@9@
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In [51]: # Stack Implementation using List
mystack = []
while True:
num= int(input("Enter Element of the Stack [ Enter 0 to End]"))
if num == 0:
break
else:
mystack.append(num)
print("POP Operation from the Stack")
while mystack:
print(mystack.pop())
Enter Element of the Stack [ Enter 0 to End]45
POP Operation from the Stack
54
67
43
45
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In [52]: # Queue Implementation using List
myqueue = []
while True:
num= int(input("Enter Element of the Queue [ Enter 0 to End]"))
if num == 0:
break
else:
myqueue.append(num)
print("Delete Operation from the Queue")
i=0
while i< len(myqueue):
print(myqueue[i])
i=i+1
Enter Element of the Queue [ Enter 0 to End]78
Delete Operation from the Queue
78
65
78
56
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In [50]: # SORTING OF LIST IN DESCENDING ORDER
n= int(input("Enter How many Numbers"))
mylist = []
i=0
while i<n:
num= int(input("Enter The Element of the List"))
mylist.append(num)
i=i+1
print("Original List is")
print(mylist)
mylist.sort(reverse=True) # Sorting of List
print("List after sorting in Descending order")
print(mylist)
Enter How many Numbers5
Enter The Element of the List45
Original List is
[45, 65, 34, 23, 67]
List after sorting in Descending order
[67, 65, 45, 34, 23]
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In [49]: # Use of Dictionary argument in Function
def texample(two):
two['Name'] ="Karan" # Change of Name key value
print("Inside texample functionn",two)
two={'Name' : 'Radha' , 'Age':30}
print("Initial Dictionary is ",two)
texample(two)
print("Outside texample function - Change reflected n",two)
Initial Dictionary is {'Name': 'Radha', 'Age': 30}
Inside texample function
{'Name': 'Karan', 'Age': 30}
Outside texample function - Change reflected
{'Name': 'Karan', 'Age': 30}
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In [48]: # Use of Dictionary argument in Function
def texample(**two):
print("Inside texample functionn",two)
two={'Name' : 'Radha' , 'Age':30}
print("Initial Dictionary is ",two)
texample(**two)
print("Outside texample function n",two)
Initial Dictionary is {'Name': 'Radha', 'Age': 30}
Inside texample function
{'Name': 'Radha', 'Age': 30}
Outside texample function
{'Name': 'Radha', 'Age': 30}
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In [47]: # Use of List Argument as a Tuple in Function
def texample(*two):
print("nInside texample Functionn")
for i in two:
print(i ,"t")
list=[1,2,3,4]
print("nCalled with texample(list) - As a Single Valuen")
texample(list) # Passing list as a single argument
print("nCalled with texample(*tlist) - As a Tuple of Values n")
texample(*list) # Passing list as a tuple argument
##print("nCalled with texample([1,2,3,4])n")
Called with texample(list) - As a Single Value
Inside texample Function
[1, 2, 3, 4]
Called with texample(*tlist) - As a Tuple of Values
1
2
3
4
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In [46]: # Use of Tuple Argument and List Arguments as a Tuple in Function
def texample(*two):
for i in two:
print(i ,"t")
t=(1,2,3) # Tuple
list=[1,2,3,4]
print("nCalled with texample(t)n")
texample(t) # Passing tuple as a single argument
print("nCalled with texample(*t)n")
texample(*t) # Passing tuple as a variable argument
print("nCalled with texample([1,2,3,4])n")
texample(list) # Passing list as single argument
print("nCalled with texample(*t,[1,2,3,4])n")
texample(*t,list) # Passing tuple as variable argument and list as a single argumen
t
print("nCalled with texample(t,[1,2,3,4])n")
texample(t,list) # Passing tuple and list as a single argument
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Called with texample(t)
(1, 2, 3)
Called with texample(*t)
1
2
3
Called with texample([1,2,3,4])
[1, 2, 3, 4]
Called with texample(*t,[1,2,3,4])
1
2
3
[1, 2, 3, 4]
Called with texample(t,[1,2,3,4])
(1, 2, 3)
[1, 2, 3, 4]
38 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

In [45]: # Use of Tuple Arguments in Function
def calculateSum(*args):
sumOfNumbers = 0
for elem in args:
sumOfNumbers += elem
return sumOfNumbers
tuple = (1,2,3,4,5)
sum = calculateSum( *tuple)
print("nSum of List Elements is = " , sum)
Sum of List Elements is = 15
39 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

In [44]: # Use of and tuple Arguments in Function
def texample(two):
two=(5,6,7,8) # Updating the Tuple
for i in two:
print(i ,"t")
tuple=(1,2,3,4)
print("nOrginal Tuple n",tuple)
print("nCalled with texample(tuple)n")
texample(tuple) # Passing tuple as a argument
print("nNo Updation Reflected n",tuple)
Orginal Tuple
(1, 2, 3, 4)
Called with texample(tuple)
5
6
7
8
No Updation Reflected
(1, 2, 3, 4)
40 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

In [43]: # Use of List Arguments in Function
def calculateSum(*args):
sumOfNumbers = 0
for elem in args:
sumOfNumbers += elem
return sumOfNumbers
list1 = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
sum = calculateSum( *list1)
print("nSum of List Elements is = " , sum)
Sum of List Elements is = 36
41 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

In [42]: # Use of List Arguments in Function
def texample(two):
two[0]=100 # Updating the Value of List
for i in two:
print(i ,"t")
list=[1,2,3,4]
print("nOrginal List n",list)
print("nCalled with texample(list)n")
texample(list) # Passing list as argument
print("nUpdated List n",list)
Orginal List
[1, 2, 3, 4]
Called with texample(list)
100
2
3
4
Updated List
[100, 2, 3, 4]
42 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

In [41]: # Use of One Default and One actual Argument
def Dfunction(x,y=20): # Default argument must follows non-default argument
print("n x = " , x , "y = ",y)
print("ncalled with Dfunction(10) ")
Dfunction(10) # Called with Single Argument i.e x
print("ncalled with Dfunction(10,200) ")
Dfunction(10,200)
called with Dfunction(10)
x = 10 y = 20
called with Dfunction(10,200)
x = 10 y = 200
43 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

In [40]: # Use of Default Argument
def reverseOfNumber(num=789): # Definition of Function and Default Argument
r=0
while(num > 0) :
m= num%10
r=r * 10 + m
num= num//10
return r
number= int(input("nEnter a Numbert"))
reverse = reverseOfNumber() # Call to Function with No argument
print("n The function will take its Default Argument 789 and calculate the revers
e")
reverse = reverseOfNumber() # Call to Function with No argument
print("n The Reverse of the Number is " , reverse)
print("n The function will take its Argument as entered by the user and calculate
the reverse")
reverse = reverseOfNumber(number) # Call to Function with With argument
44 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

In [38]: # Use of Return statement in Function
def texample(x ,y):
return x+y
x= int(input("n Input the value of x"))
y= int(input("n Input the value of y"))
print("nOutside texample Function")
print("n x = ",x, "t y = ",y)
s =texample(x,y)
print("n Sum is ",texample(x,y))
Enter a Number 34
The function will take its Default Argument 789 and calculate the reverse
The Reverse of the Number is 987
The function will take its Argument as entered by the user and calculate the re
verse
Input the value of x3
Input the value of y4
Outside texample Function
x = 3 y = 4
Sum is 7
45 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

In [39]: # Use of Function Argument and Return Statement
def reverseOfNumber(num): # Definition of Function
r=0
while(num > 0) :
m= num%10
r=r * 10 + m
num= num//10
return r
reverse = reverseOfNumber(number) # Call to Function with argument
print("n The Reverse of the Number is " , reverse) # Call to Function with argumen
t
Enter a Number 234
46 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

In [37]: # Use of Function Argument
def reverseOfNumber(num): # Definition of Function
reverse=0
while(num > 0) :
m= num%10
reverse=reverse * 10 + m
num= num//10
reverseOfNumber(number) # Call to Function with argument
Enter a Number 123
47 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

In [36]: # Use of Parameters/Arguments in Function
def texample(x,y): # formal parameters/arguments
x=40
y=50
print("nInside texample Function")
print("n x = ",x, "t y = ",y)
x= int(input("n Input the value of x"))
y= int(input("n Input the value of y"))
texample(x,y)# Actual parameters/arguments
print("nOutside texample Function")
print("n x = ",x, "t y = ",y)
Input the value of x2
Input the value of y3
x = 40 y = 50
Outside texample Function
x = 2 y = 3
48 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

In [34]: # Use of Function
def sumOfDigits(): # Definition of Function
s=0
n = int(input("nEnter a Numbert"))
while(n > 0) :
m= n%10
s=s+m
n= n//10
print("n The Sum of Digits of the above number is ", s )
sumOfDigits() # Call to Function
In [3]: # Read a text file line by line and display each word separated by a #.
f=open("abc.txt","r")
fullContents=f.read() # This method will creates a string of all lines.
words =fullContents.split()# This method will creates a list of words.
for w in words: # Read each word
print(w,end='#')
f.close()
Enter a Number 123
The Sum of Digits of the above number is 6
New#Appended#contentsOne#more#lineNew#data#has#been#Appended#
49 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

In [33]: # Remove all the lines that contain the character `a' in a file and write it to ano
ther file.
flag =0
destination= open("dest.txt" ,"w")
data=f.readlines()
print("Initial File Contents")
print(data)
for line in data:
flag=0
for ch in line:
if ch == 'a':
flag=1
break
if flag==0:
destination.write(line)
f.close()
destination.close()
destination=open("dest.txt","r")
data=destination.read()
print("nAll lines that do not contain the character `a' are written to a new fil
e.")
print(data)
destination.close()
50 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

Initial File Contents
['New Appended contentsOne more lineNew data has been Appendedn', 'A new method
to write Python programn', 'Only This Line Left']
All lines that do not contain the character `a' are written to a new file.
Only This Line Left
51 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

In [21]: '''Read a text file and display the number of
vowels/ consonants/ uppercase/ lowercase characters in the file. '''
fullContents=f.read() # This method will creates a string of all lines.
vowels=0
upper=0
lower=0
consonents=0
digits=0
vowelsString ='AEIOUaeiou'
consonentsString ='bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyzBCDFGHJKLMNPQR'
upperAlphabets='ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
lowerAlphabets='abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
digitsString='0123456789'
print("File Contents Are:")
print(fullContents)
for ch in fullContents:
if ch in vowelsString:
vowels = vowels +1
elif ch in consonentsString:
consonents =consonents +1
elif ch in digitsString:
digits = digits +1
if ch in upperAlphabets:
upper=upper+1
elif ch in lowerAlphabets:
lower=lower+1
print("Vowels =:",vowels)
print("Uppercase =",upper)
print("Lowercase =",lower)
print("Consonents",consonents)
print("Digits",digits)
52 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

f.close()
In [1]: # Random number generator that generates random numbers between 1 and 6 (simulates
a dice).
import random
ans ='y'
print("Roll Dice")
while ans=='y' or ans == 'Y':
number=random.randint(1,6)
print("The number is :",number)
ans=input("Roll Again : Please press y or Y ")
File Contents Are:
New Appended contentsOne more lineNew data has been Appended
Vowels =: 21
Uppercase = 5
Lowercase = 47
Consonents 31
Digits 0
Roll Dice
The number is : 4
Roll Again : Please press y or Y y
The number is : 5
Roll Again : Please press y or Y y
The number is : 2
Roll Again : Please press y or Y Y
The number is : 3
Roll Again : Please press y or Y n
53 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

In [16]: # SATACK - LAST IN FIRST OUT
# Python Implementation of Stack using List
def DisplayStack(MyStack):
print(MyStack)
def Push(Value):
if len(MyStack) < StackSize:
MyStack.append(Value)
else:
print("Stack is full!")
def Pop():
if len(MyStack) > 0:
MyStack.pop()
else:
print("Stack is empty.")
MyStack = [] # Empty Stack
StackSize = 3 # Size of Stack after three Push Operations
print("3 Push Operations in the Stack ")
Push(1)
print("Stack after Push Operation Contains:")
DisplayStack(MyStack)
Push(2)
54 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

Push(3)
Push(4)
print("nn3 Pop Operations from the Stack ")
Pop()
print("Stack after Pop Operation Contains:")
Pop()
Pop()
Pop()
55 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

3 Push Operations in the Stack
Stack after Push Operation Contains:
[1]
[1, 2]
[1, 2, 3]
Stack is full!
3 Pop Operations from the Stack
[1, 2, 3]
Stack after Pop Operation Contains:
[1, 2]
[1]
[]
Stack is empty.
56 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

In [17]: # QUEUE - FIRST IN FIRST OUT
# Python Implementation of Queue Using List
def DisplayQueue(MyQueue):
print(MyQueue)
def EnQueue(Value):
if len(MyQueue) < QueueSize:
MyQueue.append(Value)
else:
print("Queue is full!")
def DeQueue():
if len(MyQueue) > 0:
del(MyQueue[0])
else:
print("Queue is empty.")
MyQueue = [] # Empty Stack
QueueSize = 3 # Size of Stack after three Push Operations
print("3 EnQueue or Insert Operations in the Queue ")
EnQueue(1)
print("Queue after EnQueue Operation Contains:")
DisplayQueue(MyQueue)
EnQueue(2)
57 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

EnQueue(3)
EnQueue(4)
print("nn3 DeQueue or Delete Operations from the Queue ")
DeQueue()
print("Queue after DeQueue Operation Contains:")
DeQueue()
DeQueue()
DeQueue()
58 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

3 EnQueue or Insert Operations in the Queue
Queue after EnQueue Operation Contains:
[1]
[1, 2]
[1, 2, 3]
Queue is full!
3 DeQueue or Delete Operations from the Queue
[1, 2, 3]
Queue after DeQueue Operation Contains:
[2, 3]
[3]
[]
Queue is empty.
59 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

In [25]: # SORTING OF LIST IN DESCENDING ORDER
n= int(input("Enter How many Numbers"))
mylist = []
i=0
while i<n:
num= int(input("Enter The Element of the List"))
mylist.append(num)
i=i+1
print("Original List is")
print(mylist)
mylist.sort(reverse=True) # Sorting of List
print("List after sorting in Descending order")
print(mylist)
Enter How many Numbers5
Original List is
[3, 4, 25, 12, 89]
List after sorting in Descending order
[89, 25, 12, 4, 3]
60 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

In [25]: # A PYTHON PROGRAM TO FIND THE NUMBER OF WORDS IN A TEXT FILE
linesList=f.readlines() # This method will creates a List of all lines
count=0
for line in linesList: # Read each line
wordsList=line.split() # THIS FUNCTION IS USED TO BREAK THE LINE INTO LIST OF W
ORDS
print(wordsList) # No Need to Print
count = count+ len(wordsList)
print("The number of words in this file are : ",count)
f.close()
In [29]: # A PYTHON PROGRAM TO COUNT ALL THE LINE HAVING 'a/A' AS FIRST CHARACTER
count =0
data=f.readlines()
print(data)
for line in data:
if line[0] == 'A' or line[0] == 'a':
count=count+1
print("Number of lines having 'a/A' as first character is/are : " ,count)
f.close()
['New', 'Appended', 'contentsOne', 'more', 'lineNew', 'data', 'has', 'been', 'Ap
pended']
The number of words in this file are : 9
['New Appended contentsOne more lineNew data has been Appendedn', 'A new method
to write Python program']
Number of lines having 'a/A' as first character is/are : 1
61 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

In [31]: # A PYTHON PROGRAM TO FIND THE FREQUENCY OF A WORD IN A TEXT FILE
count =0
data=f.read()
wordsList = data.split() # THIS FUNCTION IS USED TO BREAK THE LINE INTO LIST OF WOR
DS
key = input ("nEnter the word to find its frequnecy in the File : ")
for word in wordsList:
if word == key:
count =count +1
print("n The frequency of word " , key , " is " ,count)
f.close()
In [33]: # A PYTHON PROGRAM TO CREATE A BINARY FILE
import pickle # USE OF pickle Library
binaryfile=open("binary.dat","wb") # Open file in Binary Mode
text =input("Enter the text for Binary File : ")
pickle.dump(text , binaryfile) # USE OF pickle's dump() method
binaryfile.close()
Enter the word to find its frequnecy in the File : new
The frequency of word new is 1
Enter the text for Binary File : Proud to be KVIAN
62 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

In [ ]: """
Create a binary file with name and roll number. Search for a given
roll number and display the name,if not found display
appropriate message.
"""
import pickle
f =open("bfile.dat","wb")
dict = { 'Name' : ['Laxmi','Sita','Radha'],'rollNo' : [12,14,10] }
pickle.dump(dict , f)
f.close()
f =open("bfile.dat","rb")
data=pickle.load(f)
age=int(input("Enter the Roll No You want to Search"))
n=len(data['Age'])
i=0
while i<n: # Iterating through the File to Search the Record
if data['rollNo'][i] == age:
print("Record Found")
break;
i=i+1
f.close()
if i==n: #This will true if not record found
print("Record Not Found")
63 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

In [23]: """
Create a binary file with roll number, name and marks.
Input a roll number and update the marks.
"""
import pickle
dict = { 'Name' : ['Laxmi','Sita','Radha'],'rollNo' : [12,14,10] }
f.close()
data=pickle.load(f)
StudentRollNo=int(input("Enter the Roll No You want to Search"))
n=len(data['Name'])
i=0
while i<n: # Iterating through the File to Search the Record
if data['rollNo'][i] == StudentRollNo:
print("Record Found")
print(data['Name'][i],data['rollNo'][i])
newName = input("Enter the new Name")
data['Name'][i] = newName #Update the Record
print("Record Updated")
break;
i=i+1
f.close()
if i==n: #This will true if not record found
print("Record Not Found")
else:
#Again Open file to Write Updated Data
64 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

pickle.dump(data,f)
f.close()
#Again Open file for Read
data=pickle.load(f)
print("Updated Contents of the Files are")
print(data)
f.close()
Enter the Roll No You want to Search12
Record Found
Laxmi 12
Enter the new NameSanjeev
Record Updated
Updated Contents of the Files are
{'Name': ['Sanjeev', 'Sita', 'Radha'], 'rollNo': [12, 14, 10]}
65 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

In [34]: # A PYTHON PROGRAM TO COPY DICTIONARY OBJECT IN BINARY FILE
import pickle
dict = { 'Name' : ['Laxmi','Sita','Radha'],'Age' : [12,14,10] }
f.close()
data=pickle.load(f)
print(data)
f.close()
In [75]: """
CSV (stands for comma separated values) format is a commonly used data
format used by spreadsheets. The csv module in Python’s standard library
presents classes and methods to perform read/write operations on CSV files.
"""
# Creating a CSV file one row at a time using writerow
import csv
persons=[('Mannat',22,45),('Jai',21,56),('Samidha',20,60)]
csvfile=open('persons.csv','w', newline='')
obj=csv.writer(csvfile)
for person in persons:
obj.writerow(person)# use of writerow()
csvfile.close()
{'Name': ['Laxmi', 'Sita', 'Radha'], 'Age': [12, 14, 10]}
66 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

In [76]: # Creating a CSV file all rows at a time using writerows
import csv
persons=[('Arya',22,45),('Jai',21,56),('Samidha',20,60)]
csvfile=open('persons.csv','w', newline='')
obj=csv.writer(csvfile)
obj.writerows(persons) # use of writerows()
csvfile.close()
In [77]: # Reading a CSV file rows wise using reader
csvfile=open('persons.csv','r', newline='')
obj=csv.reader(csvfile) # use of reader()
for row in obj:
print (row)
In [ ]: """
Do this assignment yourself
Take a sample of ten phishing e-mails (or any text file) and
find most commonly occurring word(s)
"""
['Arya', '22', '45']
['Jai', '21', '56']
['Samidha', '20', '60']
67 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

In [15]: #A PYTHON MYSQL CONNECTIVITY TEST ON MYSQL SERVER
import mysql.connector
#CREATE A CONNECTION
mycon=mysql.connector.connect (host="localhost",user="root",passwd="Admin007%1", d
atabase="kvplp")
if mycon:
print("CONNECTION SUCESSFUL")
else:
print("CONNECTION FAILED")
mycon.close()
CONNECTION SUCESSFUL
68 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

In [16]: # MYSQL SHOW DATABASES AND SHOW TABLES COMMAND
mycon=mysql.connector.connect (host="localhost",user="root",passwd="Admin007%1")
if mycon:
cursor=mycon.cursor( )
cursor.execute("SHOW DATABASES")
data=cursor.fetchall()
print(data)
cursor.execute("USE kvplp")
print("TABLES UNDER kvplp DATABASE")
cursor.execute("SHOW TABLES")
tables=cursor.fetchall()
print(tables)
cursor.close()
mycon.close()
else:
[('information_schema',), ('TECH',), ('kvplp',), ('mysql',), ('performance_schem
a',), ('sys',)]
TABLES UNDER kvplp DATABASE
[('KVPALAMPUR',), ('X',), ('XI',), ('XII',), ('XIICS',), ('items',)]
69 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

In [17]: # MYSQL CREATE TABLE COMMAND
atabase="kvplp")
if mycon:
cursor.execute("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS XIICS")
cursor.execute("CREATE TABLE XIICS(ROLLNO INT , NAME VARCHAR(20))")
cursor.execute("DESC XIICS")
print(data)
cursor.close()
mycon.close()
else:
[('ROLLNO', 'int(11)', 'YES', '', None, ''), ('NAME', 'varchar(20)', 'YES', '',
None, '')]
70 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

In [18]: # MYSQL INSERT COMMAND
atabase="kvplp")
if mycon:
cursor.execute("INSERT INTO XIICS VALUES(1,'Bhanu')")
cursor.execute("INSERT INTO XIICS VALUES(2,'Seema')")
cursor.execute("INSERT INTO XIICS VALUES(3,'Jaswant')")
cursor.execute("INSERT INTO XIICS VALUES(4,'Tanu')")
cursor.execute("COMMIT")
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM XIICS")
print(data)
cursor.close()
mycon.close()
else:
[(1, 'Bhanu'), (2, 'Seema'), (3, 'Jaswant'), (4, 'Tanu')]
71 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

In [19]: # MYSQL SELECT COMMAND WITH fetchall()
mycon=mysql.connector.connect (host="localhost",user="root",passwd="Admin007%1", da
tabase="kvplp" )
if mycon:
print(data)
cursor.close()
mycon.close()
else:
[(1, 'Bhanu'), (2, 'Seema'), (3, 'Jaswant'), (4, 'Tanu')]
72 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

In [12]: # MYSQL UPDATE COMMAND
#CHANGE THSESE PARAMETERS ACCORDING TO YOUR SETTINGS
atabase="kvplp")
if mycon:
cursor.execute("UPDATE XIICS SET name='Manat' WHERE name='Seema'")
print(data)
cursor.close()
mycon.close()
else:
[(1, 'Bhanu'), (2, 'Manat'), (3, 'Jaswant'), (4, 'Tanu')]
73 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

In [20]: # MYSQL DELETE COMMAND
#CHANGE THSESE PARAMETERS ACCORDING TO YOUR SETTINGS
atabase="kvplp")
if mycon:
cursor.execute("DELETE FROM XIICS WHERE rollno=1")
cursor.close()
print(data)
cursor.close()
mycon.close()
else:
[(2, 'Seema'), (3, 'Jaswant'), (4, 'Tanu')]
74 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

In [ ]: """
Do these SQL assignments yourself.
Create a student table and insert data.
Implement the following SQL commands on the student table:
1.ALTER table to add new attributes / modify data type / drop attribute
2.UPDATE table to modify data
3.ORDER By to display data in ascending / descending order
4.DELETE to remove tuple(s)
5.GROUP BY and find the min, max, sum, count and average
"""
75 of 75 30-Dec-20, 7:08 PM

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