@MyBCU www.facebook.com/birminghamcityuniversity #contractcheating 1
Using Turnitin As a Tool For
Attribution In Cases Of Contract
Cheating
Thomas Lancaster & Robert Clarke
Birmingham City University
HEA STEM Conference 2014
@MyBCU www.facebook.com/birminghamcityuniversity #contractcheating 2
Contract Cheating
A student uses a third party to produce
academic work for them
@MyBCU www.facebook.com/birminghamcityuniversity #contractcheating 3
Business Card Distributed
During Induction Week At
Birmingham City University
@MyBCU www.facebook.com/birminghamcityuniversity #contractcheating 4
Business Card Distributed
During Induction Week At
Birmingham City University
@MyBCU www.facebook.com/birminghamcityuniversity #contractcheating 5
Turnitin
Turnitin is a text matching service, used to
identify students copying from external
services and colluding with other students
@MyBCU www.facebook.com/birminghamcityuniversity #contractcheating 6
Contract Cheating
Work produced using contract cheating is
original, so Turnitin will not identify
sources for this work
@MyBCU www.facebook.com/birminghamcityuniversity #contractcheating 7
Attribution
The challenging process where a contract
cheating detective tries to identify the
university that student contract cheating
requests found online are from
Most of our work is based around the Freelancer.com
agency site
@MyBCU www.facebook.com/birminghamcityuniversity #contractcheating 8
Some Success
Running student contract cheating requests
through Turnitin has started to show interesting
results for a small number cases
@MyBCU www.facebook.com/birminghamcityuniversity #contractcheating 9
Turnitin Example 1
Large match to
assignment brief
@MyBCU www.facebook.com/birminghamcityuniversity #contractcheating 10
Turnitin Example 2
Multiple small
hits from the
same source
@MyBCU www.facebook.com/birminghamcityuniversity #contractcheating 11
Turnitin Example 3
No matches when
first posted
But received request to view
from another university when
it matched one of their
assignments
2 months later
@MyBCU www.facebook.com/birminghamcityuniversity #contractcheating 12
Turnitin Example 4
Turnitin Report from Posting in Jan 2014
Shows that same stock assignment has
been used before in previous years
Brainmass.com
provides stock
answers
@MyBCU www.facebook.com/birminghamcityuniversity #contractcheating 13
Turnitin Example 5a
Freelancer request
to re-write
assignment
Source located by
Turnitin
@MyBCU www.facebook.com/birminghamcityuniversity #contractcheating 14
Turnitin Example 5b
We try to follow up other postings.
This was made by the same person as
before and matches the same source
@MyBCU www.facebook.com/birminghamcityuniversity #contractcheating 15
Turnitin Example 6
Multiple sources
for
EdExcel courses
Example of
“false positive”
matches
@MyBCU www.facebook.com/birminghamcityuniversity #contractcheating 16
Turnitin Example 7
Turnitin also
matches public
web sites
Particularly useful
if “old data” not
found by Google
@MyBCU www.facebook.com/birminghamcityuniversity #contractcheating 17
Turnitin Example 8
Multiple hits, but
no response to
Turnitin requests
Possible problems:
Staff Turnover
University no longer
registered with Turnitin
@MyBCU www.facebook.com/birminghamcityuniversity #contractcheating 18
Current Use
Turnitin is now allowing contract cheating
detectives to attribute work that has not been
identified using other methods
29% success rate based on sample in paper
Recommendation – academics should load all
assignment specifications into Turnitin
@MyBCU www.facebook.com/birminghamcityuniversity #contractcheating 19
Resources
Wikipedia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contract_cheating
Contract Cheating Special Interest Group (supported by the Higher
Education Academy):
https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-
bin/webadmin?A0=CONTRACTCHEATING
Materials from recent HEA STEM Contract Cheating Workshop:
http://www.heacademy.ac.uk/events/detail/2013/13_March_Computi
ng_Contract_Birmingham
@MyBCU www.facebook.com/birminghamcityuniversity #contractcheating 20
For More Information
Thomas Lancaster
Email: thomas.lancaster@bcu.ac.uk
Website: http://thomaslancaster.co.uk
Twitter: @DrLancaster
Robert Clarke
Email: robert.clarke@bcu.ac.uk
Slides Available At
http://www.slideshare.net/ThomasLancaster

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Using Turnitin As a Tool For Attribution In Cases Of Contract Cheating