Language description presentation
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This document summarizes different approaches to language description including classical grammar, structural linguistics, transformational grammar, language variations and register analysis, functional and notional syllabus, and discourse analysis. It discusses how the concept of language variation led to the development of English for Specific Purposes based on register analysis. Examples are provided to show how language varies based on context between informal spoken text versus formal written instructions. The document concludes that developments in language description are interrelated and distinguishing performance from competence is important in describing a language for learning purposes.
Language description presentation
- 2. CLASSICAL/TRADITIONAL GRAMMAR STRUCTURAL LINGUISTICS TRANSFORMATIONAL GRAMMAR LANGUAGE VARIATIONS & REGISTER ANALYSIS FUNCTIONAL/NOTIONAL SYLLABUS DISCOURSE/RHETORICAL ANALYSIS LANGUAGE DESCRIPTIONS
- 3. The concept of L variation gave rise to the type of ESP which was based on register analysis. If L varies according to text, it was argued, then it should be possible to identify the kind of L associated with a specific context such as an area of knowledge (Legal Eng, Social Eng, Medical Eng, Business Eng) 4. Language Variation & Register Analysis
- 4. The Type of ESP The Concept of Language Variation Register Analysis
- 5. the whole communicative act is made up of a number of contextually dependent factors language varies to the context of use that enables us to distinguish formal from informal, written from spoken, etc. Look at the example on page 29
- 6. Text A Text B Now I have to change to the final size drill I require, which is three-quarters of an inch diameter, and this is called a morse-taper sleeve. A slower speed for a larger drill. Nice even feed should give a reasonable finish to the hole. Applying coolant periodically. This is mainly for lubrication rather than cooling. Almost to depth now. Right. Withdrawing the drill. That`s fine. Select required drill. Mount drill in tailstock. Use taper sleeves as necessary. Set speed and start machine spindle. Position tailstock to workpiece. Apply firm even pressure to tailstock hand wheel to feed drill into workpiece. Apply coolant frequently. Drill hole to depth. Withdraw drill. Stop machine.
- 7. In A, the speakers is not giving a direct set of instruction but actually commenting on what he’s doing. Function as a set of instructions In A, there is an interpersonal dimension. The language is therefore, less formal and contains some comments and expressions of feeling. The grammar of text B is consistent and in text A is less consistency, because it is a free-flowing piece of spoken discourse. Significant Ways of Language in the Text A and B
- 8. Functions Notions Concerned with social behaviour and represent the intention of the speaker or writer. Ex : advising, threatening, describing, etc Reflect the way in which the human being thinks/categories for dividing reality. Ex : time, gender, number, quantity, etc. 5. Functional/Notional Grammar
- 9. - notions + functions represent the categories of human thinking and social behavior - function = structure + context
- 10. • have an influence on language teaching in the 1970s • to establish some kind of equivalence in the syllabuses for learning various languages. • difficult to divide up the learning tasks into units of equivalent value across the various languages on the basis of formal grammar. The Functional View of Language
- 11. It emphasize on how meaning is generated between sentences The context is important in creating meaning The change of meaning is influenced by Sociolinguistic context: Who is speaking to whom and why. The meaning changes according to the relationship between the participants in the dialogue and according to their reason for speaking 6. Discourse Analysis
- 12. Look at the example on page 33-34 before now •language is viewed in terms of the sentence • profound effect • meaning is generated between sentences • context is important
- 13. - Can I go out to play? - It’s raining. A B C D - Have you cut the grass yet? - It’s raining. - I think I’ll go out for a walk.- - It’s raining. - It’s raining. - I think I’ll go out for a walk.
- 14. 1. Establishing contact 2. Finding out what the person wants 3. Giving information 4. Arguing the point 5. Taking down details in writing 6. Conclusion and thanks Discourse Analysis Ways
- 15. Example Discourse Analysis Ways
- 16. Text-diagramming type of exercise Example: Generalizing and Exemplifying
- 17. properties …against the material properties Figure 8: Text-diagramming When suitable Materials are available… Complete the following table to summarize the paragraph
- 18. CONCLUSION
- 19. There are 3 lessons to be learnt survey which must be borne in mind that relevance to ESP course design : A) The various developments are not separate entities; B) Describing a language for the purposes of linguistic analysis does not necessarily carry any implications for language learning; C) Describing a language we must make a distinction between what a person does (performance) and what enables them to do (competence)
- 20. Thanks a bunch Group 5 : Ardi Samaloisa, Endra Delina & Fitri