![EDGE (also known as Enhanced GPRS or
EGPRS)
β’ Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) (also known as Enhanced GPRS
(EGPRS), or IMT Single Carrier (IMT-SC), or Enhanced Data rates for Global
Evolution) is a digital mobile phone technology that allows improved data
transmission rates as a backward-compatible extension of GSM. EDGE is
considered a pre-3G radio technology and is part of ITU's 3G definition.[1] EDGE
was deployed on GSM networks beginning in 2003 β initially by Cingular (now
AT&T) in the United States.[2]
β’ EDGE is standardized also by 3GPP as part of the GSM family. A variant, so
called Compact-EDGE, was developed for use in a portion of Digital AMPS
network spectrum.[3]
β’ Through the introduction of sophisticated methods of coding and transmitting
data, EDGE delivers higher bit-rates per radio channel, resulting in a threefold
increase in capacity and performance compared with an ordinary GSM/GPRS
connection.
β’ EDGE can be used for any packet switched application, such as an Internet
connection.
β’ Evolved EDGE continues in Release 7 of the 3GPP standard providing reduced
latency and more than doubled performance e.g. to complement High-Speed
Packet Access (HSPA). Peak bit-rates of up to 1 Mbit/s and typical bit-rates of
400 kbit/s can be expected.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/latest-170624194327/85/Latest-technologies-used-to-transfer-data-using-internet-4-320.jpg)
Latest technologies used to transfer data using internet
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- 3. W.A.P WIRELESS APPLICATION PROTOCOL WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) is a specification for a set of communication protocols to standardize the way that wireless devices, such as cellular telephones and radio transceivers, can be used for Internet access, including e-mail, the World Wide Web, newsgroups, and instant messaging. While Internet access has been possible in the past, different manufacturers have used different technologies. In the future, devices and service systems that use WAP will be able to interoperate. The WAP layers are: ο· Wireless Application Environment (WAE) ο· Wireless Session Layer (WSL) ο· Wireless Transport Layer Security (WTLS) ο· Wireless Transport Layer (WTP) The WAP was conceived by four companies: Ericsson, Motorola, Nokia, and Unwired Planet (now Phone.com). The Wireless Markup Language (WML) is used to create pages that can be delivered using WAP.
- 4. EDGE (also known as Enhanced GPRS or EGPRS) β’ Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) (also known as Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS), or IMT Single Carrier (IMT-SC), or Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution) is a digital mobile phone technology that allows improved data transmission rates as a backward-compatible extension of GSM. EDGE is considered a pre-3G radio technology and is part of ITU's 3G definition.[1] EDGE was deployed on GSM networks beginning in 2003 β initially by Cingular (now AT&T) in the United States.[2] β’ EDGE is standardized also by 3GPP as part of the GSM family. A variant, so called Compact-EDGE, was developed for use in a portion of Digital AMPS network spectrum.[3] β’ Through the introduction of sophisticated methods of coding and transmitting data, EDGE delivers higher bit-rates per radio channel, resulting in a threefold increase in capacity and performance compared with an ordinary GSM/GPRS connection. β’ EDGE can be used for any packet switched application, such as an Internet connection. β’ Evolved EDGE continues in Release 7 of the 3GPP standard providing reduced latency and more than doubled performance e.g. to complement High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA). Peak bit-rates of up to 1 Mbit/s and typical bit-rates of 400 kbit/s can be expected.
- 5. HSCSD (High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data) HSCSD (High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data) is essentially a new high speed implementation of GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) data transfer. Four times faster than GSM, with a transfer rate of up to 57.6Kbps, it achieves this speed by allocating up to eight time slots to an individual user. This speed makes it comparable to many fixed-line telecommunications networks and will allow users to access the Internet and other datacom services via a GSM network.
- 6. MOBILE IP β’ Mobile IP is an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard communications protocol that is designed to allow mobile device users to move from one network to another while maintaining their permanent IP address. Defined in Request for Comments (RFC) 2002, Mobile IP is an enhancement of the Internet Protocol (IP) that adds mechanisms for forwarding Internet traffic to mobile devices (known as mobile nodes) when they are connecting through other than their home network. β’ In traditional IP routing, IP addresses represent a topology. Routing mechanisms rely on the assumption that each network node will always have the same point of attachment to the Internet, and that each node's IP address identifies the network link where it is connected. Core Internet routers look at the IP address prefix, which identifies a device's network. At the network level, routers look at the next few bits to identify the appropriate subnet. Finally, at the subnet level, routers look at the bits identifying a particular device. In this routing scheme, if you disconnect a mobile device from the Internet and want to reconnect through a different subnet, you have to configure the device with a new IP address, and the appropriate netmask and default router. Otherwise, routing protocols have no means of delivering packets because the device's IP address doesn't contain the necessary information about the current point of attachment to the Internet. β’ All the variations of Mobile IP assign each mobile node a permanent home address on its home network and a care-of address that identifies the current location of the device within a network and its subnets. Each time a user moves the device to a different network, it acquires a new care-of address. A mobility agent on the home network associates each permanent address with its care-of address. The mobile node sends the home agent a binding update each time it changes its care-of address using Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP). In Mobile IPv4, traffic for the mobile node is sent to the home network but is intercepted by the home agent and forwarded via tunneling mechanisms to the appropriate care-of address. Foreign agents on the visited network help to forward datagrams. Mobile IPv6 was developed to minimize the necessity for tunneling and to include mechanisms that make foreign agents unnecessary.
- 7. GPRS (General Packet Radio Services) β’ General Packet Radio Services (GPRS) is a packet-based wireless communication service that promises data rates from 56 up to 114 Kbps and continuous connection to the Internet for mobile phone and computer users. The higher data rates allow users to take part in video conferences and interact with multimedia Web sites and similar applications using mobile handheld devices as well as notebook computers. GPRS is based on Global System for Mobile (GSM) communication and complements existing services such circuit-switched cellular phone connections and the Short Message Service (SMS). β’ In theory, GPRS packet-based services cost users less than circuit-switched services since communication channels are being used on a shared-use, as-packets-are- needed basis rather than dedicated to only one user at a time. It is also easier to make applications available to mobile users because the faster data rate means that middleware currently needed to adapt applications to the slower speed of wireless systems are no longer be needed. As GPRS has become more widely available, along with other 2.5G and 3G services, mobile users of virtual private networks (VPNs) have been able to access the private network continuously over wireless rather than through a rooted dial-up connection. β’ GPRS also complements Bluetooth, a standard for replacing wired connections between devices with wireless radio connections. In addition to the Internet Protocol (IP), GPRS supports X.25, a packet-based protocol that is used mainly in Europe. GPRS is an evolutionary step toward Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE) and Universal Mobile Telephone Service (UMTS).
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