layers of heart part 2 ll SOHAN PATEL
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The document summarizes the layers of the heart and its internal structure. It discusses that the heart has two main layers - an outer covering layer called the pericardium and inner layers of heart tissue. The inner layers include the epicardium, myocardium and endocardium. It also describes the four chambers of the heart - the left and right atria which act as collecting reservoirs, and the left and right ventricles which act as pumps. Finally, it briefly discusses the conduction system which coordinates the heart's pumping action.
layers of heart part 2 ll SOHAN PATEL
- 2. Two type of layer • Covering layer of Heart • Internal Layer of Heart
- 3. It is surrounded by the pericardium. • Pericardium -loose fitting, double layered sac Covering layer of Heart
- 4. Pericardial fluid- (Serous fluid)-fluid that is between the parietal and visceral pericardium which prevents friction as the heart beats.
- 6. Layers of heart tissue • Epicardium • Myocardium • Endocardium
- 7. Serous membrane Continuous with blood vessels
- 8. Epicardium • Protective, outer layer of the heart wall same as the visceral pericardium • The coronary blood vessels that nourish the heart wall are located here
- 9. Myocardium * Middle layer made of cardiac muscle. * Forms the bulk of the heart wall. *Contains the septum- a thick muscular wall.
- 10. • The walls of the heart are composed of cardiac muscle, called myocardium. • It consists of four compartments: – the right and left atria and ventricles
- 11. Endocardium • Inner lining • Smooth surface that permits blood to move easily through the heart without agglutination.
- 12. • Epicardium – Outer, serous layer of heart • Myocardium – Strong, muscular layer of heart • Endocardium – lines the heart chambers
- 13. Serous membrane Continuous with blood vessels
- 14. BY PHARMA JOSH YOUTUBE CHANNEL
- 15. 15 4. HEART chambers The heart has four chambers. Two Atrium act as collecting reservoirs. Two Ventricles act as pumps.
- 16. Right Atrium • Thinner wall than ventricles • Receives deoxygenated blood from vena cava • Passes blood through tricuspid valve into right
- 17. Right Ventricle • Thicker wall than atria • Comprises most of anterior surface of heart • Circulates deoxygenated blood to lungs through the pulmonic valve into pulmonary trunk
- 18. Left Atrium • Receives freshly oxygenated blood from pulmonary vein • Passes blood to left ventricle through mitral valve
- 19. Left Ventricle • Receives blood from left atrium • Thickest myocardial wall • Forms apex of heart • Sends blood to systemic circulation via aorta
- 20. 5. Septa or septum • Interatrial septum • Muscular division b/w atria • Interventricular septum • Thick muscular wall • Separates ventricles
- 21. 6. Heart Valves Function- • prevent blood from flowing backwards Two types of valves in heart 1. Atrioventricular valves (AV) 2. Semi-lunar valves (SL)
- 22. 1. Atrioventricular Valves Located between Atrium and ventricles. Right AV valve (Tricuspid) • Located between Right Atrium and ventricle. • Contains 3 cusps Left AV valve (Mitral or Bicuspid) • Located between left Atrium and ventricle. •Contains 2 cusps
- 23. 2. Semilunar valves • Located at exit of ventricles, originate from endothelial lining of veins Heart contains two semilunar valves • Pulmonic valve • Aortic valve
- 26. Internal structure of Heart
- 28. The Heart These are arteries. They carry blood away from the heart. This is a vein. It brings blood from the body, except the lungs. Coronary arteries, the hearts own blood supply The heart has four chambers 2 atria 2 ventricles now lets look inside the heart
- 29. The Heart Left Ventricle Left Atrium Right Atrium Right Ventricle valve Vein from Lungs Artery to Head and BodyArtery to Lungs Vein from Head and Body valve
- 30. How does the Heart work? blood from the body blood from the lungs The heart beat begins when the heart muscles relax and blood flows into the atria. STEP ONE
- 31. The atria then contract and the valves open to allow blood into the ventricles. How does the Heart work? STEP TWO
- 32. How does the Heart work? The valves close to stop blood flowing backwards. The ventricles contract forcing the blood to leave the heart. At the same time, the atria are relaxing and once again filling with blood. The cycle then repeats itself. STEP THREE
- 33. 3 Kinds of Circulation: • Pulmonary circulation • Coronary circulation • Systemic circulation
- 34. Pulmonary Circulation Movement of blood from the heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart again
- 36. Coronary Circulation Movement of blood through the tissues of the heart
- 38. Systemic Circulation Supplies nourishment to all of the tissue located throughout the body , except for the heart and lungs
- 41. Hollow tubes that circulate your blood There are 3 types of blood vessels a. ARTERY b. VEIN c. CAPILLARY Blood Vessels
- 42. Arteries • Carry blood AWAY from the heart • Main artery called the aorta • Aorta divides and branches and become Many smaller arteries • Each region of your body has system of arteries supplying it with fresh, oxygen-rich blood.
- 43. The ARTERY thick muscle and elastic fibres Arteries carry blood away from the heart. the elastic fibres allow the artery to stretch under pressure the thick muscle can contract to push the blood along.
- 46. Veins • Carry blood to the heart • Receive blood from the capillaries • Transport waste-rich/ oxygen-poor blood back to the heart • Allow blood to move in one direction
- 47. The VEIN Veins carry blood towards from the heart. thin muscle and elastic fibres veins have valves which act to stop the blood from going in the wrong direction. body muscles surround the veins so that when they contract to move the body, they also squeeze the veins and push the blood along the vessel.
- 48. Capillaries • Very thin • Only one cell thick • Connect arteries & veins
- 49. Capillaries • Food and oxygen released to the body cells • Carbon dioxide and other waste products returned to the bloodstream
- 50. The CAPILLARY Capillaries link Arteries with Veins the wall of a capillary is only one cell thick they exchange materials between the blood and other body cells. The exchange of materials between the blood and the body can only occur through capillaries.
- 51. artery vein capillaries body cell The CAPILLARY A collection of capillaries is known as a capillary bed.
- 61. Properties of Cardiac muscle:- 1.Excitability or irritability 2.Contractility 3.Automaticity 4.Rhythmicity 5.Refractory period 6.Tonicity
- 62. Coordination of chamber contraction, relaxation
- 63. I. Excitability (Irritability): = the ability of cardiac muscle to respond to adequate stimuli by generating an action potential followed by a mechanical contraction.
- 67. Electrophysiology of the cardiac muscle cell
- 68. The Conduction System • Electrical signal begins in the sinoatrial (SA) node: "natural pacemaker." – causes the atria to contract. • The signal then passes through the atrioventricular (AV) node. – sends the signal to the ventricles via the “bundle of His” – causes the ventricles to contract.
- 71. Abnormalities of Heart:- 1. Hypertension 2. CHF (Conjunctive heart failure) 3. Hyperlipidemic 4. Arraythmias 5. Angina pectories