Leadership in public health
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The document discusses the complexities and evolving nature of leadership in public health, emphasizing the need for adaptive and strategic approaches that consider various contexts and stakeholder dynamics. It highlights the importance of personal resilience, emotional intelligence, and the ability to use multiple leadership styles to effectively respond to challenges in public health. Resources, models, and theoretical backgrounds are provided to support public health leaders in navigating their roles and enhancing their leadership capabilities.
![Trying to put it simply...
• The Strategic Leadership role in Public Health is to
– Make sense of the environment/context and issues [Grant,2012]
[Elcock, 2012]
– Work with multiple stakeholders including communities and their
leadership (the new context of Localism) [Purdue et al]
– Set direction and model it
– Get others to follow it inside and outside organization and team
– Know which issue requires which style
– Know and articulate what “good” looks like
– Self leadership is every bit as important as other leadership (we’re not
perfect and we can cause as much trouble as solve it) [Furtner et al]
– See also localis report on localism public health
http://www.localis.org.uk/article/1485/In-Sickness-and-in-Health.htm](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/publichealthleadershipshorterversion2018update-180209183812/85/Leadership-in-public-health-17-320.jpg)
![So Public Health Leadership is...
• Adaptive
• Strategic
• Resilient
• Use of different styles
• Monitors self and others
• Means you need mentors/coaches/supports or
learning sets
• Communicates well and adaptively [De vries et al]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/publichealthleadershipshorterversion2018update-180209183812/85/Leadership-in-public-health-23-320.jpg)
Leadership in public health
- 1. Leadership for the Public’s Health..Complexity and change Jim McManus, CPsychol, CSci, AFBPsS, FFPH, FRSB Director of Public Health, Hertfordshire Visiting Professor Jim.mcmanus@hertfordshire.gov.uk
- 2. Additional Resources • A list of reading materials for public health is available from jim.mcmanus@hertfordshire.gov.uk • This is a recently updates version of a much longer, fully referenced lecture version of this work • The fuller version can be found at http://www.slideshare.net/jamesgmcmanus/a daptive-strategic-public-health-leadership
- 3. Leadership is... • A bit pointless without followers • Dangerous unless you are willing to be led as much as leading • Something EVERYONE has to do • A set of influencing styles and mechanisms • A journey you will never finish • Something which needs care and ethics • Something which has a shadow side • Not about being a hero (usually) • Something which changes and reacts to situations and peoples • Full of mistakes, successes and opportunities • A way of being, not an infallible recipe • Something with some signposts....
- 4. Some Background • The colloquium report on co-production of public health for a new world http://www.sph.nhs.uk/sph-documents/local- government-colloquium-report • My presentation to this on strengthening the leadership role of the DPH http://www.sph.nhs.uk/sph-documents/lg- colloquium-presentations/j.mcmanus-lg- colloquium-presentation
- 5. Top Leadership Reads • Sipe, J. W. & Frick, D. M., 2015. Seven Pillars of Servant Leadership. Second ed. New York: Paulist Press. • Poole, E (2017) Leadersmithing. London: Bloomsbury Business • Heifetz, R., Grashow, A. & Linsky, M., 2009. Build an adaptive culture. In: R. Heifetz, A. Grashow & M. Linsky, eds. The practice of adaptive leadership: tools and tactics for changing your organization and the wrorld. Boston: Harvard Business Press, pp. 165-175. • Haslam, A et al (2010) The New Psychology of Leadership. Psychology Press • Binney, G. W. W. &. W. G., 2012. Living Leadership: a practical guide for Ordinary Heroes. 3rd ed. London: Pearson FT. • Lane, J, & Wallis, J 2009, 'Strategic management and public leadership', Public Management Review, 11, 1, pp. 101-120 • Stacey, R., 2012. Tools and Techniques of Leadership and Management. London: Routledge. • Barling, J (2014) The Science of Leadership. New York: Oxford University Press • De Haan (2014) The Leadership Shadow. London: Kogan Page • Linley, P et al (2013) Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology and Work. NY: Oxford University Press
- 6. If you only buy one thing • Do yourself a favour and work through Derek Mowbray’s guide to personal resilience • http://www.mas.org.uk/publications/personal -resilience.html
- 7. Where are we? • Public health in a distributed (some would say fragmented) system • The DPH role could be more strategic than it has ever been (but still carries a service and operational role and challenge) • Local Government has strategic leadership by the truckload, DsPH and senior PH staff often feel we are playing “catch up” • Senior public health people very technically trained • Trained to manage in a different context • New leadership challenges and situations • Is this crisis, opportunity, challenge or all three?
- 8. The upshot of this... • Almost whatever you say about Leadership, someone will contradict you or disagree • So, how on earth do you find your bearings? • And how do you do this while managing the competing job of senior public health role? • Leadership is both style and process,
- 9. The Literature • There is no single “orthodox” view of leadership • Your personality and experience is important in which styles, theories, models you use • Important thing is to be open enough to pick a suite of them for different situations and different people • This is one part of what adaptive leadership means
- 10. What can we say about leadership without fear of (too many) people contradicting us? • Leadership is a set or portfolio of influencing mechanisms and tools • Different situations and organizations and cultures do seem to require different styles and behaviours (some multiple) • Leadership is almost always context-bound • Leadership needs to be for a context (organization,culture and person fit) • The person, the organization and team and the role are all important in determining which set of influencing mechanisms and tools (aka leadership style) will be effective • Calls on leader to understand and monitor self, others and results • Leadership is a dynamic process which is about “sense-making” of the world we are in, “direction setting” of where we need to be and modelling the behaviours, styles and actions needed to get us there. • So of course it will be different from setting to setting
- 11. And who you and others are intimately affects this.... • Gender • Age • Sexuality • Religion • Nationality • Ethnicity • All of these and more affect our preferred leadership approaches and repertoires I could take any example to illustrate this (growing literature on age and leadership) But let me take two examples below See also Snaebjornsson,et al 2013 on Gender, Nationality and Leadership Style
- 12. What does that mean for Public Health? The variety of challenges • The Strategic Challenge across our agency and geography • The distributed Challenge across agencies and stakeholders • The Professional challenge across domains of healthcare • The practice challenge to remain competent and practice well • The protective challenge of planning and responding to health protection incidents • The managerial challenge of tasks and resources • The personal challenge of resilience during this All this means different leadership styles and tools are needed See for example Lutz Allan et al, 2013
- 13. Personal Resilience/Self-Care • An absolute essential for any leader, when things start to derail it’s often because of this • Especially in long-hours cultures • The “2/3 on 1/3 switch off principle” • Derek Mowbray’s personal resilience book – http://www.derekmowbray.co.uk/ – http://www.mas.org.uk/publications/personal- resilience.html
- 14. The Multi-Style Leader – made for public health? • Harper, S 2012, 'The Leader Coach: A Model of Multi-Style Leadership', Journal Of Practical Consulting, 4, 1, pp. 22-31 (See also Rao, 2013 on soft leadership) • Leadership style is an indicator of organisational success • Most influential approaches use multiple leadership styles • Interesting example of multi-style leadership looking at coaching as the “overall framework” for integrating different styles of charismatic, laissez- fair, transformational, transactional and servant • Studied a range of commercial agencies • add value to their companies by enhancing the quality of their leaders with the adoption of leadership coaching as a strategy for human capital development and organizational enhancement. • Transformational style is not always the best (Currie and Lockett, 2007)
- 15. The history of leadership theory • Great Man theory – probably rubbish but charisma is a part, and has a big dark side • Charismatic leadership and laissez-faire leadership can lead to disaster without reflexivity and context • Resilience, agility and emotional intelligence are important • The Big 5 Traits- some fans, some critics • Emotional Intelligence – is important • Perfection – no one is perfect • Preferred styles – we all have them, the important thing • Context, reflexivity and multiple styles seem needed • Response style is important in choosing which style (Moors, 2012) • Wellbeing of staff and stakeholders (Kelloway et al, 2012)
- 16. Crucial Situational Factors • Leadership doesn’t happen in isolation • Multiple environment and collaborative (Getha-Taylor,2013) • One key thing which makes a good leader is followers • Ethics – the bright and dark sides of leaders The factors determining which style you need for which Public Health challenge The Personality of the Leader The issue itself Pandemic or health improvement? Organizational Culture Strategic and Partnership Environments Team and Organization
- 17. Trying to put it simply... • The Strategic Leadership role in Public Health is to – Make sense of the environment/context and issues [Grant,2012] [Elcock, 2012] – Work with multiple stakeholders including communities and their leadership (the new context of Localism) [Purdue et al] – Set direction and model it – Get others to follow it inside and outside organization and team – Know which issue requires which style – Know and articulate what “good” looks like – Self leadership is every bit as important as other leadership (we’re not perfect and we can cause as much trouble as solve it) [Furtner et al] – See also localis report on localism public health http://www.localis.org.uk/article/1485/In-Sickness-and-in-Health.htm
- 18. The domains where public health leaders need to be acting... 1. Technical, professional and transactional skill sets 2. Interpersonal and influencing styles 3. Strategic Awareness, context, ability to use multiple styles depending on situation 4. reflexivity, adaptability, emotional intelligence 5. Organizational situation, context and support 6. Personal resilience 7. Professional competence Moors, 2012 – response style is salient
- 19. Health Protection and Emergency Resilience: Flexible Leadership styles in the spotlight • Canton, LG 2013, • the role of being a leader in accomplishing a resilience goal. • in achieving a resililience goal, it is categorized into two which are directive leadership and persuasive leadership. • having credibility and being able to guide fellow workers are based on the ability of persuasive leadership • being authoritarian in obliging subordinates, is an example of a directive leadership. • DIFFERENT styles always seem to be used in disaster or health protection emergencies to achieve results
- 20. One take on flexible leadership style • every employee is different, and all have different needs for their well-being in the workplace. • only by being flexible and drawing from all experiences that an individual can truly become an outstanding leader at the local level of government • Good leaders don’t create followers, they create other confident leaders
- 21. Portfolio Leadership Styles • This isn’t new (Fisher, 2007) • People need to be comfortable across their different roles and responsibilities with several styles – policy maker, negotiator and power broker. – Vary vary – Sometimes need to be directive/boss – Other times coach/enabler
- 22. Shoemaker et al (2013) the adaptive strategic leader • The more uncertain your environment, the greater the opportunity-if you have the leadership skills to capitalize on it. • six skills which allow leaders to think strategically and navigate the unknown effectively. • abilities to – anticipate, – challenge, – interpret, – decide, – align, – and learn. • article describes the six skills in detail and includes a self-assessment that will enable you to identify the ones that most need your attention. • strength in one skill cannot easily compensate for a deficit in another. • An adaptive strategic leader has learned to apply all six at once. Schoemaker, P, Krupp, S, & Howland, S 2013, 'Strategic Leadership: The Essential Skills', Harvard Business Review, 91, 1, pp. 131-134,.
- 23. So Public Health Leadership is... • Adaptive • Strategic • Resilient • Use of different styles • Monitors self and others • Means you need mentors/coaches/supports or learning sets • Communicates well and adaptively [De vries et al]
- 24. Questions, comments • Jim.mcmanus@hertfordshire.gov.uk • Thank you!