Lec 8 Superficial Structures of Head & Neck scalp.ppt
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The scalp extends from the eye brow to the external occipital protuberance and consists of five layers: skin, connective tissue, aponeurosis with the occipitofrontalis muscle, subaponeurotic layer, and periosteum. Blood supply comes from various arteries including the supratrochlear and superficial temporal arteries, while innervation is provided by the trigeminal nerve and cervical plexus. Venous drainage occurs through a network of veins that accompany the arteries and drain into the internal and external jugular veins, along with lymphatic drainage into parotid and mastoid lymph nodes.
Lec 8 Superficial Structures of Head & Neck scalp.ppt
- 1. Scalp: Extend from skin of eye brow to external occipital protuberance and superior nuchal line, and at both sides to superior temporal line. It consist of 5 layers: 1- Skin and subcutaneous tissue. 2- Connective tissue layer. 3- Aponeurosis epicranial with occipitofrontalis muscle. . 4- Loss subaponeurotic layer. 5- Periosteum (pericranium).
- 3. Occipitofrontalis muscle with epicranial aponeurosis
- 4. Occipitofrontalis muscle and epicranial aponeurosis: - • it consist of two occipital and two frontal bellies cover the vault and connected to it by the epicranial aponeurosis (Sheet of strong connective tissue). Origin:- posteriorly from superior nuchal line and anteriorly from skin of fore head. Insertion: - both bellies inserted into epicranial aponeurosis.
- 5. Blood supply of the scalp • 1.supratrochlear artery • 2.supraorbital artery These arteries are branches of the ophthalmic artery which is a branch of internal carotid artery While the following arteries are branches of external carotid artery 3.superficial temporal artery 4.posterior auricular artery 5.occipital artery So scalp has a rich blood Supply & the 2 sides anastomosing with each other
- 6. Nerve Supply of Scalp 1.innervation in front of ear:- sensory by trigeminal nerve a-Supratrochlear, Supraorbital (ophthalmic). b-Zygomatico temporal (maxillary) c-Auriculotemporal (mandibular) motor by temporal branch of facial nerve. 2. innervations back to ear: Sensory by cervical plexus a-Great auricular nerve (C2, C3) b- Lesser occipital (C2) c-Greater occipital (C2). Motor: - posterior auricular branch facial.
- 7. Cutaneous innervation of the neck
- 8. veins of scalp •The veins of scalp accompany the arteries with same names. • The Supratrochlear vein united with supraorbital vein at medial angle of eye forming angular vein which continues as facial vein. • The superficial temporal vein descends in front of ear enters parotid gland and join maxillary vein to form retromandibular vein, the anterior division of retro mandibular vein unites with facial vein to form the common facial vein which drains into the internal jugular vein, the posterior division of retromandibular vein unites with posterior auricular vein to form external jugular vein which drains into subclavian vein.
- 10. Pterygoid plexus of veins it lies around lateral pterygoid muscle. The plexus communicates with: A. inferior ophthalmic through inferior orbital fissure, then cavernous sinus through the superior orbital fissure B. facial vein through by deep facial vein. C. maxillary vein which unites with superficial temporal vein to form retromandibular vein.
- 12. Lymphatic drainage of scalp into parotid and mastoid lymph nodes
Editor's Notes
- #6: 3185061