Lec1_ntroductionntroductionntroductionIntroduction to DSS.pdf
- 1. Decision Support Systems (DSS) الحاسوبية المعلومات نظم قسم الثالثة المرحلة – محاضرة 1
- 2. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-2 DSS Description An early definition of DSS A system intended to support managerial decision makers in semistructured and unstructured decision situations aimed at decisions that required judgment or at decisions that could not be completely supported by algorithms
- 3. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-3 DSS Description DSS is an approach (or methodology) for supporting decision making uses an interactive, flexible, adaptable computer-based information system (CBIS) developed (by end user) for supporting the solution to a specific nonstructured management problem uses data, model and knowledge along with a friendly (often graphical; Web-based) user interface supports all phases of decision making can be used by a single user or by many people
- 4. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-4 DSS Configurations Many configurations exist; based on management-decision situation specific technologies used for support DSS have three basic components 1. Data 2. Model 3. User interface 4. (+ optional) Knowledge
- 5. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-5 DSS Configurations Each component has several variations; are typically deployed online Managed by a commercial software Two major Typical types: Model-oriented DSS Data-oriented DSS
- 6. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-6 Components of DSS Data Management Subsystem Includes the database that contains the data Database management system (DBMS) Can be connected to a data warehouse Model Management Subsystem Model base management system (MBMS) User Interface Subsystem Knowledgebase Management Subsystem Organizational knowledge base
- 7. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-7 A Web-Based DSS Architecture القرار دعم نظم هيكلية – الويب أساسها
- 8. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-8 Decision Support Systems (DSS) تعريف - Interactive information system designed to assist decision makers in an organization Consists of: • Hardware • Software • Data • Mathematical and statistical models رياضية و إحصائية نماذج
- 9. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-9 -Decision Support Systems (DSS) Requirements المتطلبات : • Be interactive and incorporate the human element as well as hardware and software • Use internal and external data • Include mathematical and statistical models • Support decision makers at all organizational levels • Emphasize األهمية semistructured and unstructured tasks غير المهام المهيكلة شبه و المهيكلة
- 10. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-10 Components of a Decision Support System 1- Database Includes internal and external data, and a database management system (DBMS) Enables a DSS to perform data analysis operations 2- Model base Includes mathematical and statistical models that enable a DSS to analyze information
- 11. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-11 Components of a Decision Support System 3- Users access the DSS through user interface 4- DSS engine manages and coordinates the major components
- 12. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-12 12 Copyright ©2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. MIS5 | CH12 Exhibit Figure below showing an Components of a DSS
- 13. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-13 DSS Capabilities DSS includes following features to support decision making What-if analysis Goal-seeking • Sensitivity analysis • Exception reporting analysis Other capabilities • Graphical analysis, forecasting, simulation, statistical analysis, and modeling analysis
- 14. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-14 -Roles in the DSS Environment القرار دعم أنظمة بيئة في المهام 1- User • Crucial because they use the DSS • Include department or organizational units in addition to people 2- Managerial designer اداري مصمم • Defines the management issues in designing and using a DSSواالستخدام اإلدارية المشاكل يعرف • Issues are related to management’s goals and needs
- 15. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-15 Roles in the DSS Environment 3- Technical designerالتقني مصمم • Focuses on how the DSS is implemented • Addresses questions about data storage , file structure, user access, response time, and security measures األمنية مقاييس
- 16. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-16 Roles in the DSS Environment 4- Model builder • Liaison وسيطbetween users and designers • Responsible for supplying information on: - What the model does - What data inputs the model accepts How the model’s output should be interpreted What assumptions go into creating and using the model
- 17. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-17 Characteristics of a DSS (1) القرار دعم نظم خصائص Handles large amounts of data from different sources Provides report and presentation flexibility Offers both textual and graphical orientation مخططات و نصية توجهات
- 18. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-18 Characteristics of a DSS (2) Supports drill down analysis التحليل في البحث ميزة دعم Performs complex, sophisticated analysis and comparisons using advanced software packages متقدمة برمجيات باستخدام المقارنة و متقدم و معقد تحليل انجاز Supports optimization, satisficing, and heuristic approaches
- 19. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3-19 Characteristics of a DSS (3) Performs different types of analyses: “What-if” analysis النظام مدخالت تغيير على بناء التوقع او التنبؤ تحليل Makes hypothetical changes افتراضية تغييرات to problem and observes impact مالحظة التاثيرات on the results Simulation Duplicates features of a real system Goal-seeking analysis االستهداف تحليل Determines problem data required for a given result بيانات يحدد المعطاة للنتيجة المشكلة