Lect 1 urbanization

Introduction to Urban and
Regional Planning

Introduction to Urban and Regional Planning
• What is Planning?
• Planning is a way of thinking to social and economic problem.
• Planning should be contextual to specific geography, climate and
people
• Multilevel Planning
• Deals specific needs for future and resource allocation.
• Involves technical inputs by multidisciplinary teams.

• The framework of Planning can be long, medium and short term road
map of any specific geographic area.
• An orderly sequence of activities that will lead to accomplishment of
stated goals.
• It is concerned with the relation of Goals to collective decision and
strive for comprehensiveness in policies and programs. (Friedman)

PLAINNING
PHYSICAL SOCIAL CULTURAL ECONOMIC POLITICAL ECOLOGICAL
Built
Environmen
t
Men’s Inter
relationship
Spiritual
Environmen
t
Financial
Environmen
t
Ideological
Environmen
t
Natural
Environmen
t
Aspects Of Planning

• Town Planning
• City Planning
• Community Planning
• Regional Planning
• Urban Planning

• What is Urban Planning?
• It is the art and science of Organizing land and siting buildings and
communication routes to provide best degree of economy, beauty and
convenience in terms of available resources and time.
• It is the arrangement and organization of all elements of a town and
other urban environment.
• Urban planning integrates land use and other managerial aspects of
settlements to improve the economic and social environment of
communities achieving health, beauty, convenience, preservation and
sustainability.

• Essential Objectives of Planning:
Convenience
To understand
the form of
various
amenities.
To take
possible
benefit of
natural
conditions.
Consider the
economic
value of land
Right use of
land for right
purpose.
Moulded with
least amount of
strains
Beauty Environment Health Economy
Essential Objectives of Planning

• Process of planning:
• Identification of problem
• Define the objective
• Data collection
• Data analysis
• Forecasting
• Design
• Fixing the priorities
• Implementation
• Review, evaluation and Feedback

• Factors Contributing Towards Urbanization:
• Natural Increase of Population
• Rural-Urban Migration

Urban and Rural Differences
Population: Urban areas are densely populated while in rural areas the
density is low.
Economy: The economic base of rural areas is Agriculture while in
urban areas the economic base is industry, business and services.
Culture: Rural Society is more close knit and homogenous society
while urban society is more heterogeneous and modern.

Urbanization in Pakistan
Year Urban Rural
1951 17.8% 82.2%
1961 22.5% 77.5%
1972 25.4% 74.6%
1981 28.3% 71.7%
1998 32.5% 67.5%
2005 35% 65%
Future estimate
2050 55% 45%

• Importance of Urban planning:
• Environmental protection is also the reason is why companies offer
urban planning services.
• Sustainable infrastructure is one of the reason why most of the urban
areas are seeking the services of urban planning.
• Urban planning aims at reducing some of the problems such as
pollution that is caused by human activities.
• One of the importance of urban planning is enable correction of
mistakes that had earlier being made in the design of urban areas.

Urban Planning Level
• National: economic and long term development for national interests.
• Regional: medium term development focusing on solving problems
with regional dimensions.
• Local/ District: short or medium term development of a town.

Urban Planning Level
National Level
Policy making
Strategic objectives
Regional level
Land act
Regional plans
Municipal level
Land development plan
Land use plan
Master plan

• Urban sectors:
• Housing
• Quantitative issues: the deficit pf housing or housing shortage depicted
in the form of street sleeping, tents and temporary structure of
doubling up phenomena.
• Qualitative issues: the bad quality of existing housing stock in the
form of slums and squatter settlements.

• Transportation:
• Poor transportation network; i.e. insufficient and bad condition of
roads and railways.
• Inadequate of poor public transport; i.e. insufficient and bad condition
of public transport vehicles.

• Infrastructure :
Infrastructure issues:
• Non-availability or poor condition of physical infrastructure or utility
services such as water supply, sewerage and drainage system, solid
waste management, gas, electricity, telephone etc.
• Poor condition or non availability or inadequate accessibility to social
infrastructure such as education, health, shopping, community centers,
religious buildings etc.

• Commerce and industry issues:
• Pollution and congestion in the commercial centers.
• Lack of parking areas or inadequate parking.
• Lack of industry, inadequate access to industrial area and pollution
created by obnoxious industry.
• Industrial development in residential area.

• Open Spaces and Parks:
• Issues of open spaces and Parks:
• Lack of open spaces
• Poor maintenance of parks
• Inadequate parking facilities near parks and shopping malls.

• Environment:
• Environmental issues:
• High levels of pollution, noise, water and solid waste pollution.
• Poor coordination of utility services.
• Low percentage of green areas and trees
• Climate change causing floods, earthquakes, cyclones, tsunamis,
droughts.

Impact of Urban planning
• Efficient land use and resources
• Less automobile use, better access
• Less pollution and less waste
• Restoration of Ecosystem
• Good housing and living environment
• Sustainable economy
• Community participation, involvement
• Preservation of local culture

Lect 1 urbanization

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Lect 1 urbanization