Lecture 01 microcontroller and microprocessor.pptx
1. Basic Concepts of Microprocessor, Microcomputer, Microcontroller
Microcomputer – a computer with a
microprocessor as its CPU. Includes memory,
I/O etc.
Microprocessor – silicon chip which includes
ALU, register circuits & control circuits
Microcontroller – silicon chip which includes
microprocessor, memory & I/O in a single
package.
2. What is a Microprocessor?
○ The word comes from the combination
micro and processor. Processor means a
device that processes whatever.
○ In this context processor means a device that
processes numbers, specifically binary numbers,
0’s and 1’s.
○ To process means to manipulate. It is a general term
that describes all manipulation. Again in this content,
it means to perform certain operations on the numbers
that depend on the microprocessor’s design.
3. What about micro?
Micro is a new addition. In the late 1960’s,
processors were built using discrete elements.
These devices performed the required operation, but
were too large and too slow.
In the early 1970’s the microchip was invented.
All of the components that made up the
processor were now placed on a single piece of
silicon. The size became several thousand times
smaller and the speed became several hundred
times faster. The “Micro” Processor was born.
4. Definition of the Microprocessor
The microprocessor is a programmable
device that takes in numbers, performs on
them arithmetic or logical operations
according to the program stored in memory
and then produces other numbers as a
result.
6. Inside The Microprocessor
Internally, the microprocessor is made up of 3
main units.
The Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU)
The Control Unit.
An array of registers for holding data while it is
being manipulated.
7. Definition of the Microcontroller
A microcontroller is a computer present in a
single integrated circuit which is dedicated to
perform one task and execute one specific
application.
It contains memory, programmable input/output
peripherals as well a processor.
Microcontrollers are mostly designed for
embedded applications and are heavily used in
automatically controlled electronic devices such
as cellphones, cameras, microwave ovens,
washing machines, etc.
10. Types of Microcontroller
Here are important types of Microcontroller:
8 bit Microcontroller
16 bit Microcontroller
32 bit Microcontroller
Embedded Microcontroller
External memory Microcontroller
