Lecture 1 pollution overview
- 1. Dr. D.R. Mailapalli Assistant Professor Agricultural and Food Engineering IIT Kharagpur
- 2. What is Pollution? Environment is âeverything that is not meâ o For âmeâ to be healthy and happy, âeverything that is not meâ must be healthy and happy. o Environment: o a healthy balance between the demands of 7 billion people and the natural cycles of essential nutrients. o safe from hazardous substances. 2
- 3. Pollution o Pollution: o Contamination of natural resources such as water, land and air. o Adversely impact the environment and human. o Pollutants: o products which affect the normal functioning of ecosystem o adverse effect on plants, animals, and humans. o Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light. 3
- 4. Pollution types ï Air pollution ï Sound pollution ï Light pollution ï Thermal pollution ï Radioactive pollution ï Land pollution ï Water pollution 4
- 5. 1. Air pollution ï 6.5 million deaths/yr (more deaths than AIDS and Malaria). ï 5th largest killer in India (AIIMS: lung cancer- 1/10 lakh) ï Ozone, particulate matter, CO, NO2, SOx and lead. ï Global warming, acid rains, smog, ozone depletion. 5
- 6. Global air pollution (NASA, 2010) ï Threshold: particle size <10 microns/m3 6
- 8. 2. Sound pollution ï Natural and anthropogenic types ï Partial loss of hearing, emotional disturbances, high blood pressure ï Threshold of hearing: 0dB; jet plane: 130 dB (100 feet), motor cycle: 88 dB (30 feet) 8
- 10. Ocean vibrations (NOAA working group) 10
- 11. 3. Light pollution ï Over illumination and sky glow ï Psychological stress, medical problems in children, animal life 11
- 14. 4. Thermal pollution ï Source: water as coolant in power plants and industries (half of all water used in the U.S) ï Decrease in O2 supply ï Affects water quality and aquatic life ï Biodiversity may decrease 14
- 16. 5. Radioactive pollution ï Alpha, beta and gamma particles ï Cancers, birth defects, deaths 16
- 17. Global radioactive pollution (Lelieveld et al. 2012) 17Annual probability in percentage of radioactive contamination (>40 kilobec querels per square meter)
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- 20. 6. Land pollution ï Each person in the U.S. produces about 2Kg of garbage a day. ï 14 billion pounds of garbage (mostly plastic) is dumped into Ocean every year ï Largest e-waste site on earth is Guiyu, China; 88% of children have dangerous levels of lead in their blood 20
- 21. 7. Water pollution ï In India, 1000 children die every day due to disease caused by polluted water ï 1.1 billion people have no access to safe drinking water ï The Ganges River is one of the most polluted rivers in the world. 21
- 23. Global drinking water scenario 23
- 24. More Life Expectation! (% recharge) 24
- 25. 25 Thank you!