Lecture 10 tourism in southeast asia
- 1. TDM 458 Spring 2013 Tourism in Southeast Asia
- 3. What are some things you already know about tourism in Southeast Asia? What are some things you would like to learn about tourism in Southeast Asia?
- 4. Major Geographic Qualities Fragmented region of numerous island countries and peninsulas Physical geography - high relief, crustal instability and tropical climates Clustered population patterns Overall low population density 20% of the population is on Java (Indonesia) Variety of political systems Some of the wealthiest and poorest countries Complex ethnic, linguistic and religious patterns Political instability and conflict Shatter Belt A large, strategically located region that is occupied by a number of conflicting states and is caught between the conflicting interests of adjoining Great Powers in terms of culture, economic and political systems. A region prone to external and internal cultural and ethnic forces
- 5. Southeast Asia A zone of interaction Multicultural (Malay- Indonesian dominance) Several political, economic and cultural forces: China India Middle East Europe Japan USA (Since 1898) East Asia Southeast Asia China India Middle East Europe Japan USA
- 7. Southeast Asia External influences Have been stronger than internal influences China brought civilization and technology (early history) Later - immigrants India brought religion (Hinduism and Buddhism) Later - more immigrants Middle Eastern countries brought Islam after the 10th c. and trade Europe brought trade and colonialism after the 16th c. USA and Japan brought imperialism (at different levels): Recently brought trade and development Indochina Often used to define the region Hints at the strong historical Chinese and Indian influence Specifically refers to the former French colonies of Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos
- 9. Southeast Asia - Problems Straining resources such as petroleum and lumber: Destruction of the tropical forest - logging, conversion of land for development, climate change Over fishing and coral reefs Changing political regimes In particular Thailand Ethnic problems (Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia) Global (and Asian) recession Terrorism targeting tourism enterprises especially Indonesia & Philippines Civil wars - East Timor Illegal drug traffic Disasters - earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, droughts, environmental disasters
- 10. December 2004 Tsunami India Thailand Myanmar Laos Indonesia Vietnam China Cambodia Malaysia Bangladesh Sri Lanka Singapore British Indian Ocean Territory Maldives Paracel Is. Epicenter
- 11. Southeast Asia - Organizations Pursuing economic integration policy (ASEAN): Founded in 1967 Promote regional security issues; later concerned economic issues Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand Laos, Burma (1997) and Cambodia (1999) joined later Common market by 2012 . . . Still waiting Tariffs to be cut to 5% or less between members Tourism is a priority concern Goals Accelerate economic growth, social progress and cult. Development Promote regional peace and stability Promote Southeast Asian studies
- 12. Tourism in Southeast Asia
- 13. Tourism Statistics Country Arrivals Receipts (Billions of $) Malaysia 24.7 million 18.3 Thailand (+20%) 19.0 million 26.3 Indonesia 7.7 million 7.8 Cambodia (+20%) 2.9 million 1.7 Myanmar (+26%) 391,000 N/R
- 14. Established Destinations Singapore Nation-state, surgical cleanliness, economic dynamo, political stability = positive tourism growth Least corrupt government but some freedoms curtailed Thailand Shedding sex tourism image; excellent beaches and resorts, cultural sites, historical backpacker/now flashpacker destination
- 15. Emerging Destinations Malaysia Business tourism, holiday destination dominated by resorts and Penang and Langkawi Top 10 in global arrivals Cambodia Joint development and campaign with Thailand with “Two Kingdoms, One Destination” Laos Luang Prabang world heritage city, Mekong River, Newly open . .. . Like Thailand 20 years ago
- 16. Regions of Southeast Asia Mainland Region Insular Region
- 17. Mainland Region Mainland Region Vietnam (previously North & South Vietnam) Cambodia (previously French Indo-China) Laos (previously French Indo-China) Thailand Myanmar (previously Burma) Buddhism dominates Multicultural and multi-ethnic region One of the least urbanized areas in the world
- 18. Thailand Leading state of the region The “Land of the free”: Never colonized by European power Economic growth Relative location Access to the Indian (Bay of Bengal) and Pacific (Gulf of Thailand) oceans Natural environment Stifled by mismanagement Bangkok (Venice of Asia) Problems Influx of refugees Drugs
- 19. Thailand Population has the slowest growth rate in the region Thai 75%, Chinese 14%, other 11%. Buddhist 94.4%, Islam 4%, Hindu 1.1%, Christian 0.5%. Muslim minority in the south (along the Malaysia border) Per capita GNI is higher than Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar combined Bangkok- leading city in the country
- 20. Tourism in Thailand Negative image because of prostitution Backpackers, now Flashpackers Nature Shopping $5/night bungalows to $10,000/night villas http://www.sixsenses.com/Evason- Phuket/index.php
- 21. Tourism in Thailand Tours to Living Cultures Hill tribes http://www.tourismthailand.org/what-to-see- do/activities/cultural-exploration/hilltribe/ http://www.thailandhilltribeholidays.com/index.html Long Neck Karen Tribe Sea Gypsies - developers force people from their land to build tourism infrastructures (hotels, etc.)
- 22. Thailand Airport Protest http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kf5YW7KHP1o &feature=related Thai Airport Protest Strands Thousands (video title to search on youtube)
- 27. Vietnam 83.5 million people Geographical setting Coastal plain along the South China Sea The south is more fertile than the north Most minerals resources are in the north Advantageous relative location on Pacific Rim Not a homogenous country Differences between the north and the south, as the south was more exposed to capitalism Divided into three units Hanoi Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon) Hue
- 28. Vietnam Economic development slow (communist system) Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon) has advantage over Hanoi (capital) - accessible by ocean-going vessels Special Economic Zone downstream
- 29. Tourism in Vietnam High tourism potential Political and social stability Long coastline; beach resorts Intact coral reefs Rainforests Sub-tropical climate Original cuisine: often adapting French cuisine Lack of development has protected Vietnam's numerous natural resources Growing flight connections within region and Asia to Ho Chi Minh United airlines became first US carrier to fly back Former military personnel Heritage, cultural and religious sites Communist Heritage tourism may have potential
- 30. Issues and Concerns Vietnam Population (83.5 million) has doubled since the end of war in 1975 – straining resources as the population grows A classic “elongated country” A bi-polar arrangement exists between Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi New strategy - retain communist political system but pursue market economics Country is open to tourism but still communist Little repeat business - once in a lifetime destination Poor word of mouth marketing
- 32. Cambodia and Laos 2 of the fastest growing destinations in SE Asia Cheap Improving infrastructure and accommodations Cambodia War - dark tourism Communist Heritage Tourism Child prostitution and slavery WHS Sites - Angkor Wat Laos Landlocked Rural-based population Undeveloped with no railroads, little industry, and few roads The region’s poorest country The “new” Thailand
- 34. Myanmar
- 35. Myanmar (Burma) A former British colony - Burma, which became independent in 1948 Population of 55 million, 84% literate Agricultural potential is good; varied soil and environmental conditions; self-sufficient in rice Still one of the poorest countries in the world Most isolated and least Westernized in the region
- 36. Tourism in Myanmar Border tourism Casinos and other attractions along borders Living Cultures Untouched nature Increase in tourism due to greater political stability in the last several years Being promoted as an economic development tool and a way to improve isolation experienced by country However . . . Slaves used in building tourism infrastructure Forced labor program Money earned from tourism directly benefits the gov’t
- 37. Regions of Southeast Asia Mainland Region Insular Region
- 38. Insular Southeast Asia Comprised of 6 states, all of which have colonial histories Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore, Brunei, East Timor Fragmented political entities A multicultural and multi-ethnic region Islam prevails Colonial legacies persist
- 39. Malaysia
- 40. Malaysia A former British colony Malaysia came into being in 1963, referring to the federal organization and expansion of Malaya (on the Malay peninsula) to include parts of Borneo Population of 27 million with strong adherence to Islam Rapidly growing economy, with the 3rd highest GNI in the region Penang - a future Singapore? One of the most developed regions of Malaysia and it is an important tourist destination for domestic and international tourists
- 41. Eye on Malaysia • Malaysians are one of Asia’s largest travelers, about 26 million international travelers or 28% of Asia’s total
- 44. Singapore A city-state Seceded from Malaysia in 1965 Population of 4.3 million (77 % are Chinese, 14% Malay, 8% south Asian) Per capita GNI: $24,180
- 45. Singapore Here are some examples of laws currently in effect: The sale of gum was forbidden for 12 years until May 2004 Show your id to buy gum If the pharmacist does not take the name of the buyer, they could face a roughly $700 fine Heavy fines on people who spit or litter in public areas Pedestrians crossing on red-light Eating and drinking on public transit also carry heavy fines Sexual offences
- 47. Tourism in Singapore Gateway and airport hub for SE Asia Shopping Business tourism Gambling
- 48. Indonesia
- 49. Indonesia • More than 17,000 islands • About 6,000 inhabited, Java is the core with 136 million • Coastal zones supports approximately 60% of the population • Successful family planning strategies (50% decline in fertility between 1975 and 2000) • Longest coastline in the world • Three time zones • Largest Muslim population in the world • Controls two strategic straits: • Through which much of the world’s oil traffic must pass • Volcanoes - Earthquakes • Intense volcanic and seismic activity • 300 volcanoes of which 200 have been historically active
- 50. Tourism in Indonesia • One of Fastest growing tourism arrivals in Asia in 2008 9.2% growth rate in 2011 (10.7% in 2010) • WHS sites - Religious and Cultural sites • Beaches and resorts • WHS sites • Nature • Orangutans and Tigers • Komodo dragons • In the past primarily westerners visit • Today, greater numbers of regional and domestic travelers • money to spend • Introduction of low cost airlines
- 51. Tourism in Indonesia - Issues and Concerns • Unplanned development and environmental degradation • Terror attacks 2002 and 2005 in Bali • Tourism areas targeted • Many Indonesians and Foreign tourists killed • Impacted tourism for several years, perception of threat remains • 2004 Tsunami • Major impact on tourism • Industry nearly collapsed afterwards
- 52. December 2004 Tsunami India Thailand Myanmar Laos Indonesia Vietnam China Cambodia Malaysia Bangladesh Sri Lanka Singapore British Indian Ocean Territory Maldives Paracel Is. Epicenter