Lecture 20 computer based accounting system -revenue cycle - accounting information systesm james a. hall book chapter 4
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The document discusses the concepts of automation and reengineering in business processes, highlighting how automation improves efficiency by replicating traditional tasks while reengineering seeks to radically rethink and enhance processes to reduce costs. It describes specific procedures related to sales operations, warehouse management, and cash receipts, emphasizing the importance of real-time processing and systems integration for improved performance and reduced clerical errors. Additionally, it covers the role of technology in enhancing transaction efficiencies and the importance of controls within computerized environments.
Lecture 20 computer based accounting system -revenue cycle - accounting information systesm james a. hall book chapter 4
- 1. Habib Ullah Qamar Govt. college of Commerce Gujranwala 4/26/2016
- 2. In AIS as automation works at one end and Reengineering at the other. Automation involves using technology to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of a task. Automated system simply replicates the traditional (manual) process that it replaces. Reengineering, on the other hand, involves radically rethinking the business process and the work flow. The objective of reengineering is to improve operational performance and reduce costs by identifying and eliminating nonvalue-added tasks. This involves replacing traditional procedures with procedures that are innovative and often very different from those that previously existed
- 4. Relationship transaction files and master files that it updates is represented with arrows. Primary key (PK) because it is the only field that uniquely identifies each record in the file. This is the preprinted number on the physical source document that is transcribed during the keystroke operation. In systems that do not use physical source documents, the system automatically assigns this unique number. The PK is critical in preserving the audit trail. It provides the link between digital records stored on a computer disk and the physical source documents
- 5. ACCOUNT NUMBER and INVENTORY NUMBER are both secondary keys (SK) as neither of these keys uniquely identifies sales order records. For instance, there may be more than one sales order for a particular customer. Similarly, the same inventory item type may be sold to more than one customer. Hence, the values for these keys are not unique. Their purpose is to locate the corresponding records in the AR subsidiary and inventory master files.
- 6. One to One One t o many Many to many
- 7. Sales Department Credit Department Approval Warehouse Procedures The Shipping Department Automation Started Keystroke (entering hard copy into system) Edit Run (execution of System at day end or on the basis of transaction volume) Update Procedures(updating all files)
- 10. Sales Procedures. Under real-time processing, sales clerks receiving orders from customers process each transaction separately as it is received. Using a computer terminal connected to a sales order system, the clerk performs the following tasks in real-time mode: The system accesses the inventory subsidiary file and checks the availability of the inventory. It then performs a credit check, by retrieving the customer credit data in the customer’s (AR) file. This file contains information such as the customer’s credit limit, current balance, date of last payment, and current credit status. Based on programmed criteria, the customer’s request for credit is approved or denied.
- 11. 2. If credit is approved, the system updates the customer’s current balance to reflect the sale and reduces inventory by the quantities of items sold to present an accurate and current picture of inventory on hand and available for sale. 3. The system automatically transmits a digital stock release document to the warehouse, a digital shipping notice to the shipping department, and records the sale in the open sales order file.
- 12. Warehouse Procedures. The warehouse clerk’s terminal immediately produces a hard-copy printout of the electronically transmitted stock release document. The clerk then picks the goods and sends them, along with a copy of the stock release document, to the shipping department. Shipping Department. A shipping clerk reconciles the goods, the stock release document, and the hard-copy packing slip produced on the terminal. The clerk then selects a carrier and prepares the goods for shipment. General Ledger Update Procedures at day end wih batch system
- 13. Significantly reduce operating costs while increasing revenues. Shortens the cash cycle of the firm A real-time system with remote terminals reduces or eliminates these lags. A competitive advantage in the marketplace by maintaining current inventory information Minimizes clerical errors, such as incorrect account numbers, invalid inventory numbers, and price–quantity extension miscalculations Reduces the amount of paper documents in a system
- 14. Mail Room. The mail room clerk separates the checks and remittance advices and pre-pares a remittance list. Cash Receipts Department. the clerk creates a journal voucher record of total cash received. Accounts Receivable Department. the clerk creates the cash receipts transaction file based on the individual remittance advices Data Processing Department. the batch program reconciles the journal voucher with the transaction file of cash receipts and updates the AR subsidiary and the general ledger control accounts (AR—Control and Cash).
- 15. The task of opening envelopes and comparing remittance advices against customer checks is labor- intensive, costly, and creates a control risk. Some organizations have reengineered their mail room procedures to effectively reduce the risk and the cost. 1. A machine that automatically opens them and separates their contents into remittance advices and checks 2. The system uses special transaction validation software that employs artificial intelligence capable of reading handwriting 3. The system uses special transaction validation software that employs artificial intel-ligence capable of reading handwriting
- 16. The revenue cycle systems that we have examined so far are used by organizations that extend credit to their customers. POS systems are used extensively in grocery stores, department stores, and other types of retail organizations. In this example, only cash, checks, and bank credit card sales are valid. The organization maintains no customer accounts receivable. Inventory is kept on the store’s shelves, not in a separate warehouse. First, the checkout clerk scans the universal product code (UPC) label on the items being purchased with a laser light scanner. The scanner, which is the primary input device of the POS system, may be handheld or mounted on the checkout table. At the end of the day, the cash receipts clerk prepares a three-part deposit slip for the total amount of the cash received.
- 17. The revenue cycle systems that we have examined so far are used by organizations that extend credit to their customers. POS systems are used extensively in grocery stores, department stores, and other types of retail organizations. In this example, only cash, checks, and bank credit card sales are valid. The organization maintains no customer accounts receivable. Inventory is kept on the store’s shelves, not in a separate warehouse. First, the checkout clerk scans the universal product code (UPC) label on the items being purchased with a laser light scanner. The scanner, which is the primary input device of the POS system, may be handheld or mounted on the checkout table. At the end of the day, the cash receipts clerk prepares a three-part deposit slip for the total amount of the cash received.
- 18. Authorization 1. validating credit card charges and establishing that the customer is the valid user of the card 2. match the customer’s signature Segregation of Duties: Tasks that would need to be segregated in manual systems are often consolidated within computer programs. Supervision :where both inventory and cash are at risk, supervision is particularly important. Access Control :In computerized systems, digital accounting records are open to unauthorized and undetected access.
- 19. PC Based Accounting Systems Peachtree etc. How PC Based systems are different from Computer Based and Batch? What are key efficiencies of PC Based Systems? What is future?
- 20. Accounting Information System..by James a Hall Chapter 4 http://theITeducation.com/
- 21. See you again in sha ALLAH 4/26/2016