Lecture 4: Inhalation Therapy
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This document provides an overview of inhalation therapies for COPD and asthma, detailing the types of inhalers, their proper usage, advantages and disadvantages, especially focusing on pressurized metered dose inhalers (MDIs), dry powder inhalers (DPIs), and nebulizers. It emphasizes the importance of correct inhalation techniques for effective medication delivery and highlights the need for regular cleaning of equipment to prevent contamination. Additionally, it advises patients to take preventive measures during cold and flu season, such as vaccinations and proper hand hygiene.
Lecture 4: Inhalation Therapy
- 1. Welcome to Pulmonary Rehab Inhalation Therapy For COPD & Asthma Babette Parthum, RRT Clinical Coordinator Respiratory Therapy
- 2. Types ● Pressurized Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI) ● Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI) ● Nebulizers
- 4. Propellants ● Provides the force to generate the aerosol cloud ● The medium for which the active component is dissolved ● Typically make up more than 99% of the delivered dose
- 5. ● Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) ○ Used to be the most commonly used propellants ○ Banned due to adverse effect on ozone layer ● Hydrofluoroalkanes (HFA) ○ More effective ○ Produces an aerosol with a smaller particle size which improves deposition in the small airways and provides greater efficacy
- 6. ● When the valve is actuated the propellant and medication leave the inhaler at a high velocity ● Majority of medication impacts in the oropharynx ● Less than 25% reaches the lung
- 8. How To Efficiently Use Your MDI 1. Shake the canister 2. Place the MDI mouthpiece between your lips 3. Breathe out steadily 4. Press the metered dose inhaler down once to release the medication into your mouth 5. Breathe in slowly and as deep as possible 6. Hold the breath in while counting to 10
- 10. Advantages of MDIs ● Compact, portable, convenient ● Multi-dose delivery capable ● Lower risk of bacterial contamination ● Suitable for an emergency situation
- 11. Disadvantages of MDIs ● Needs correct actuation and inhalation coordination - can be difficult in children and elderly patients ● Cold freon effect ● High pharyngeal drug deposition ● Flammability possibility of new HFA propellants ● Remaining dose is difficult to determine
- 12. MDI with Spacer
- 13. Using a Spacer With an MDI ● Insert the inhaler into spacer and shake ● Breathe out ● Put the spacer mouthpiece into your mouth ● Press down on the inhaler once ● Breathe in slowly and deeply (3-5 seconds) ● Hold breath for 10 seconds
- 14. Advantages of MDI with Spacer ● Compensates for poor technique/coordination with MDI ● Allows more medication to reach your lungs ● Prevents medication from escaping into the air ● Fewer side effects from corticosteroid residue in the mouth
- 15. Disadvantages of MDI with Spacer ● Large size and volume of device ● Bacterial contamination is possible - clean the device periodically
- 16. Cleaning Your Spacer ● Wash the mouthpiece and the spacer in warm, soapy water at least once a week. More frequently when sick. ● Dry carefully with a clean, lint-free cloth. ● Wipe off mouthpiece daily. ● Keep the cap on the mouthpiece when not in use. ● DO NOT share your inhaler or spacer with others. ● Have an extra spacer on hand if possible.
- 17. Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI) ● Single Dose Devices o Have to be reloaded with a capsule containing micronized medication in a large particle carrier powder o Contains just the medication, no propellant Left: Spiriva® Right: Foradil®
- 18. Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI) ● Multi-Dose Devices o Medication is in the device, no capsule o No propellant Advair®
- 19. How to Use Your DPI 1. Remove the cap 2. Load a dose of the medication (depends on the type of inhaler you have) 3. Turn your head and breathe out as much air as you can (try to empty your lungs) 4. Put the dry powder inhaler in your mouth with your lips firmly around the opening 5. Using just your mouth, breathe in once, very deep and fast. Fill your lungs as deeply as you can. NEVER breathe into the inhaler.
- 20. 6. Take your mouth off the inhaler, hold your breath, and count to 10. Then slowly breathe out. 7. If your doctor prescribed more than one dose of the medication, wait about 1 minute before taking the next dose. 8. Replace the cap on the dry powder inhaler. If using a steroid-type inhaler, gargle and rinse your mouth with water.
- 22. Advantages of DPI ● Breath actuated ● Less patient coordination required ● Spacer not necessary ● Compact, portable ● No propellant ● Usually higher lung deposition than a pressurized MDI
- 23. Disadvantages of DPI ● Work poorly if inhalation is not forceful enough ● Most are moisture sensitive - humidity can cause the powder to clump therefore reducing the dispersal of fine particle mass ● In single dose devices, need to reload the capsule each time
- 24. Nebulizer ● Changes liquid medication into a fine mist to let you breathe it into your airways ● Given to help you breathe easier ● The nebulizer equipment and medication must be prescribed by a doctor
- 26. How to Efficiently Use Your Nebulizer 1. Wash your hands with an antibacterial soap 2. Connect the hose to an air compressor 3. Fill the medicine cup with your prescription. Close the medicine cup tightly to avoid spills. 4. Attach the hose and mouthpiece/mask to the nebulizer. 5. Sit up straight and keep the nebulizer vertical.
- 27. 6. Place the mouthpiece in your mouth keeping your lips firm around the mouthpiece. OR Place the mask over your nose and your mouth. If using a mouthpiece, breathe through your mouth until all of the medication is used. If using a mask, breathe in through your nose and out through your mouth until all of the medication is used. Usually takes 10-20 minutes to use all of the medication.
- 28. 7. Tap the medication cup several times to ensure all the medication is nebulized. 8. Turn off the machine when done. 9. Clean the nebulizer, mouthpiece, and mask. **Remember to cough and bring up the loose mucus at the end of your treatment.
- 29. Advantages of Using a Nebulizer ● Provides therapy for patients who cannot use other inhalation devices (MDIs and DPIs) ● Allows administration of large doses of medications ● Patient coordination not required ● Can be used with supplemental oxygen
- 30. Disadvantages of Using a Nebulizer ● Decreased portability ● Longer set-up and administration time ● Higher cost ● Electrical power source required ● Higher risk of contamination
- 31. How To Clean Your Nebulizer ● After each treatment: Rinse the nebulizer cup with warm water, shake off excess water, and air dry. ● At the end of each day: Wash the nebulizer cup and mask or mouthpiece in warm soapy water using a mild detergent. Rinse thoroughly and allow to air dry. Do not clean the tubing.
- 32. ● On Monday, Wednesday, and Friday: disinfect the equipment using a vinegar/water solution. Mix together 1 part vinegar to 3 parts water. Soak the equipment in the vinegar solution for 20 minutes. Rinse well under a steady stream of water. Shake off the excess water and allow to air dry on a paper towel.
- 33. ● Change the nebulizer filter as recommended in your owner’s manual, or when it appears grey or dirty. Failure to change the filter will make your compressor unit work harder than it should and will eventually cause the unit to fail.
- 34. ● Proper care of your equipment prevents infection ● Cleaning should be done in a dust-free, smoke- free environment away from open windows ● Always allow equipment to completely dry before storing in a plastic, zippered bag ● It is a good idea to have an extra nebulizer, mouthpiece, mask, and tubing
- 35. Storing Your Equipment & Medication ● Cover the compressor with a clean cloth when not in use. Keep it clean by wiping with a clean, damp cloth as needed. ● Do not put the compressor on the floor either for treatments or for storage. ● Medications should be stored in a cool, dry place. Some medications require refrigeration and some require protection from light. Check your medications often for discoloration or crystal formation. If either of these happens, throw the medication away.
- 36. Conclusion ● There are 3 main types of inhalation devices to treat pulmonary disease. ● Each has its own advantages, disadvantages, and side effects. ● The key to successful treatment is proper inhalation technique. ● Proper cleaning techniques will decrease the risk of infection.
- 37. Important Reminder Cold and flu season worsens between October and April and now we have the new risk of the Ebola Virus. ● Get your flu shot ● Get you pneumonia shot if you haven’t had one in the last 5 years ● The main key to staying well is proper hand washing.
- 39. References ● American Thoracic Society ● Asthma Society of Canada ● Dr. Aslam Calicut, Junior Resident MD Respiratory Medicine at Pariyaram Medical College ● Mayo Clinic ● Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center ● West Virginia Asthma Education & Prevention