Lecture 4.pptx
- 1. OPERATINGSYSTEM Instructor: Sara Hassan Introduction to Information and Communication Technologies Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan
- 2. What is operating system? Definition: • An operating system (OS) is a collection of software that manages computer hardware resources . • It is a low-level software program that enables the computer hardware to communicate and operate with the computer software. Without a computer operating system, a computer would be useless “The operatingsystemactsasa Interface Betweenthe user and computer hardware”
- 4. Operations Of OS •Processor Management: An operating system manages the processor’s work by allocating various jobs to it and ensuring that each process receives enough time from the processor to function properly. •It manages all of the software and hardware on the computer •Manage Memory: An operating system manages the allocation and deallocation of the memory to various processes and ensures that the other process does not consume the memory allocated to one process. •Device Management: There are various input and output devices. An OS controls the working of these input-output devices. It receives the requests from these devices, performs a specific task, and communicates back to the requesting process.
- 5. OperationsOfOS •Start and shut down a computer •Establish An Internet Connection •Provide a user Interface •Error Detection: From time to time, the operating system checks the system for any external threat or malicious software activity. It also checks the hardware for any type of damage. This process displays several alerts to the user so that the appropriate action can be taken against any damage caused to the system.
- 6. Components of Operating System The operating system has two components: •Shell •Kernel
- 7. Shell Shell handles user interactions. It is the outermost layer of the OS and manages the interaction between user and operating system by: •Prompting the user to give input •Interpreting the input for the operating system •Handling the output from the operating system. Shell provides a way to communicate with the OS by either taking the input from the user or the shell script. A shell script is a sequence of system commands that are stored in a file.
- 8. Kernel The kernel is the central component of a computer operating systems. The only job performed by the kernel is to the manage the communication between the software and the hardware. A Kernel is at the nucleus of a computer. The Kernel is the innermost part of an operating system, a shell is the outermost one. Kernel is a computer program that manages Input/Output requests from software and transfer them into data processing instructions for CPU and other electronic components of computer.
- 10. Structure Of operating system User Interface •User interact with operating system Kernel •Core of operating system, responsible for loading operating system
- 11. Characteristics OfOperatingSystem Operating System GUI Multiuser Multitasking Multiprocessing Multithreading
- 12. • GUI • GUI- Short for Graphical User Interface, a GUI Operating System contains graphics and icons and is commonly navigated by using a computer mouse.
- 13. • Multi-user • Multi-user -A multi-user operating system allows for multiple users to use the same computer at the same time and/or different times example (LINUX)
- 14. • Multi T asking • An operating system that is capable of allowing multiple software processes to run at the same time. Below are some examples of multitasking operating systems. • Unix • Windows XP • Windows Vista
- 15. • Multi Processing • An operating system capable of supporting and utilizing more than one computer processor. More than one CPUs that can be shared Below are some examples of multiprocessing operating systems. For Example • Linux • Unix • Windows 2000
- 16. • Multi Threading • Operating systems that allow different parts of a software program to run concurrently For example • Linux • Unix • Windows 2000
- 17. Real – Time: - responds to input instantly. General-purpose operating systems, such as DOS and UNIX, are not real-time.
- 18. Command Line Interface (CLI) • The command line interface is a user interface that is navigated by typing commands at prompts, as opposed to using the mouse to perform a command. • Because a command line interface requires unique commands, this interface is often more difficult to learn because of the need to memorize dozens of different commands.
- 19. CLI
- 20. Types of operatingsystem Stand Alone operating system. Server operating system. Embedded operating system.
- 21. Stand Alone operating system A standalone OS is an OS that runs on a device like a notebook, desktop computer, or laptop. A standalone operating system offers a complete functioning framework.
- 22. Stand Alone operating system WINDOWS MAC OS LINUX Stand Alone operating system/Desktop operating system
- 23. Microsoft Windows • Microsoft created the Windows operating system in the mid-1980s. Over the years, there have been many different versions of Windows, but the most recent ones are Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7. Windows comes preloaded on most new PCs, which helps to make it the most popular operating system in the world.
- 24. Microsoft Windows If you're buying a new computer or are upgrading to a newer version of Windows, you can choose from several different editions of Windows, such as Home Premium, Professional, and Ultimate. You may need to do some research to decide which edition is right for you.
- 25. Advantages & Disadvantages of Windows Advantages: •Easy to use •Update Disadvantages: •Expensive •Not secure
- 26. Windows 7
- 27. Windows 10
- 28. Mac OS • Mac OS is a line of operating systems created by Apple. It comes preloaded on all new Macintosh computers, or Macs. All of the recent versions are known as Mac OS X (pronounced Mac O-S Ten)
- 29. Advantages & Disadvantages Of MACOS Advantages: •Great GUI •Secure •Better to graphic designer Disadvantages: •Not all software run •expensive
- 30. Linux Linux is a family of open source operating systems, which means that they can be modified and distributed by anyone around the world. This is very different from Windows, which can only be modified by the company that owns it (Microsoft).
- 31. Advantages & Disadvantages of LINUX Advantages: •Free •Low PC requirement •Secure Disadvantages: •Not all software run •Hard to learn use and install
- 32. Server Operating system • A server operating system (OS) is a type of operating system that is designed to be installed and used on a server computer. • Server operating systems are designed to provide platforms for multi- users , for critical, network applications. • It is an advanced version of an operating system • Their main purpose is to provide security, stability and collaboration. • Some common examples of server OSs include: •Windows Server •Mac OS X Server
- 33. Embedded operating system •An embedded operating system is a specialized operating system (OS) designed to perform a specific task for a device that is not a computer. •An embedded operating system main job is to run that allowed device to do its job. •Examples of embedded OS are MP3 players, digital cameras, DVD player, mobile phones
- 34. Operating System on Mobile Devices • Mobile devices such as phones, tablet computers, and mp3 players are very different from desktop and laptop computers, so they run operating systems that are designed specifically for mobile devices. Examples of mobile operating systems include Apple iOS, Windows Phone, and Google Android.