Lecture 5 (1)
- 2. The USA is one of the largest countries of the world, which is situated in Central North America. The USA is a varied land of forests, deserts, mountains, high flat lands and fertile plains. Almost every kind of climate may be found there but the country lies mostly in the temperate zone.
- 3. The continental United States stretches for 4,500 kilometers from the Atlantic Ocean on the east to the Pacific Ocean on the west and 2,575 km from North to South. It borders Canada on the north and reaches south to Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico.
- 4. Traveling by plane from an Atlantic Coast airport the passengers flies over the slopes of the Appalachian Mountains. Then for hundreds of kilometers the fertile fields of the farms of the great Middle West stretch. To the north one may see the five Great Lakes located between the United States and Canada.
- 5. Continuing into the west, the plane flies over vast prairies and rough cattle-grazing country. Soon the snow-topped Rocky Mountains appear. After crossing these high ranges the plane glides down into the rich valleys of California, and, finally, to a landing not far from the beaches of the Pacific Ocean.
- 6. Including the states of Alaska and Hawaii the United States covers an area of 9 million square kilometers. Alaska borders on north-western Canada; Hawaii lies in the Pacific 3,200 kilometers from the mainland. Alaska is the largest in area of the 50 states, and Texas, in the southern part of the country, is second in size. Texas alone is larger than France, and Alaska is twice as big as Texas.
- 7. From the Appalachian Mountains in the East to the Rocky Mountains in the West, the centre of the country is drained by the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers and their branches. These rivers form a 19,000- kilometrer system of waterways that are connected with the Great Lakes in the North by a canal. The Mississippi is one of the world’s greatest rivers; it was known to American Indians as the “father of waters”. Water from the source of its main branch, the Missouri River, flows about 6,400 kilometers from the northern Rocky Mountains to the mouth of the Mississippi in the Gulf of Mexico.
- 8. Other important rivers are the Yukon in Alaska (about 3,000 kilometers long), the Rio Grande, which flows for some 3,200 kilometers and forms part of the United States – Mexico border; the Columbia, which rises in Western Canada and continuous in the USA for about 1,900 kilometers West of the Rocky Mountains; and the Colorado, which begins in the Rocky Mountains and flows southwest for some 2,300 kilometers. For 342 of these kilometers the Colorado flows through the magnificent Grand Canyon, carved through the ages by the river’s water. Other well-known rivers include the Hudson, which meets the Atlantic Ocean at New York City; the Potomac, bordering the national capital at Washington; and the Ohio, which flows west from Appalachian Mountains to meet the Mississippi.
- 9. There are many lakes in the USA, too. The state Minnesota, for example, is known as the land of 10,000 lakes. The largest lakes of the USA (Lake Superior, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario) lie on the border with Canada. One of the world’s wonders, the Niagara Falls, is on the Niagara River, which empties the water of Erie into Ontario.
- 10. One can also find a great variety of mountains in the US. The Appalachians are old mountains which are covered by forests. The Rocky Mountains, which run from New Mexico to Alaska, are called “backbones” of America. The series of western ranges, paralleling the Pacific coast, are Sierra Nevada in California, the Cascade Range and the Coast Range. Between the Rockies and the Sierra, Nevada-Cascade Mountains lies the Great Basin, a group of vast plateaus with deserts and deep canyons in the south.
- 11. The greatest wonder in the state of California is the forests of sequoia; they are over 3,000 years old and the oldest living things ever known.