![“Mongol rule allowed an “exchange
of food, tools, goods, and ideas [that]
was unprecedented.”](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lecturemongolconquests-151112154537-lva1-app6892/85/Lecture-mongolconquests-18-320.jpg)
![SILK ROADs REVIVED!
• Goods and ideas flowed! (Religious
tolerance, too.)
• East and West were more connected than
before (Western Europe was least devastated by the
Mongols but benefitted the most from the flow of goods and
ideas.)
• Plants and crops circulated
“Mongol rule allowed an “exchange of food, tools,
goods, and ideas [that] was unprecedented.”](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lecturemongolconquests-151112154537-lva1-app6892/85/Lecture-mongolconquests-22-320.jpg)
Lecture mongolconquests
- 1. Mongol Conquests and Empire 1200s - 1300s Mongol Conquests and Empire 1200s - 1300s
- 2. From nomads to world conquerors
- 4. The Mongols created the largest land- based empire in human history.
- 5. Quote of the Day “The greatest happiness is to scatter your enemy, to see his cities reduced to ashes, to see those who love him shrouded in tears, and to carry off his wives and daughters.” Temujin (a.k.a. Chinggis Khan) (a.k.a. Genghis Khan)
- 6. According to many perspectives in different times, the Mongols: • were destroyers of civilizations • were ruthless uncivilized barbarians • were evil forces against Christians, Buddhists, Confucians, or Muslims
- 8. Mongols and other Central Asian Nomads characteristics • Social Classes – relatively egalitarian or based on abilities • Women had greater status than in most settled regions. • Leaders were “elected” by the free men of the clan, tribe, or confederation. (Kuriltai-Meeting of all Mongol Chieftains)
- 9. Generally speaking, the Mongols: • Did not have a long term cultural or social impact on the regions they conquered. • Spread no new religions or philosophies • Had few technological innovations • Left few structures or buildings • Wrote little literature • Didn’t hold on to an empire very long
- 12. Conquests • Under the leadership of Chinggis Khan, the combination of Mongol discipline, technology, strategy, and ruthlessness helped the Mongols take control of Central Asia, then Northern China. • By Chinggis Khan’s death in 1220s, Mongol armies had moved west into the Islamic lands and Central Europe.
- 13. The Mongols created the largest land- based empire in human history.
- 14. Conquests • After Chinggis Khan’s death, the Mongol Empire was divided in four parts controlled by 3 sons and a grandson. • Khanate of the Golden Horde • Ilkanate • Djagatai (Chagtai) • Khanate of the Great Khan (and Yuan China)
- 16. THE MONGOL EMPIREs • Each KHANATE or kingdom then worked to add territory and tributary states to the empire which continued under later Mongol leaders. • The ruling class who survived often continued to control aspects of their territory under the “supervision” of Mongol rulers.
- 18. “Mongol rule allowed an “exchange of food, tools, goods, and ideas [that] was unprecedented.”
- 19. IMPACT of the MONGOLS • THE MONGOL PEACE A period of “peace” and stability in many areas of Eurasia led to economic and cultural development (for about 100 years).
- 20. Trade & Infrastructure Mongol rulers . . . • protected travel and trade routes in the Empire • “caused” people to move to new places for Mongol government and military posts • ordered construction of ROADS & BRIDGES, & extended the Grand Canal in China • set up post offices/trading posts
- 22. SILK ROADs REVIVED! • Goods and ideas flowed! (Religious tolerance, too.) • East and West were more connected than before (Western Europe was least devastated by the Mongols but benefitted the most from the flow of goods and ideas.) • Plants and crops circulated “Mongol rule allowed an “exchange of food, tools, goods, and ideas [that] was unprecedented.”
- 24. Those dirty Mongols! • Spread the use of gunpowder in military uses • Destroyed empires, governments, & towns (& killed millions) in some areas destroyed agricultural lands • Spread the Bubonic Plague (Black Death) beginning in the 1330s and lasting for several decades. (and Mongol culture didn’t have a major cultural impact on the culture of settled civilizations)
- 25. MARCO . . . POLO Venetian merchant who traveled and lived in Mongol territory for 20 years including almost 17 years working for Kublai Khan – the Mongol ruler of China.
- 26. MARCO . . . POLO writes about the Central Asia Nomads • Write a SOAP analysis in your notebook for Marco Polo. – Speaker, Occasion, Audience, Purpose – WHAT CAUSED Marco Polo to have the point of view he had on the Mongols? • Write the most unusual characteristics of the Mongols as reported by Marco Polo.
- 27. MARCO . . . POLO writes about the Central Asia Nomads • Marco Polo wrote this account many years after his trip so his recollections may not be completely accurate after years. He may exaggerate certain elements to make a better story. • The many details that Marco Polo uses in his description show that his point of view is based on a long period of living with and interacting with the Mongols. • Marco Polo’s purpose in telling his story was simply to record the events he remembered for other European elites. This probably caused him be as accurate as possible. He may, however, have focused on things that he thought might impress Europeans who read the journal.
- 28. MARCO . . . POLO writes about the Central Asia Nomads What are two of the most unusual characteristics of the Mongols as reported by Marco Polo? Which of the following statements about Marco Polo’s point of view do you think is the most accurate? A. “Marco Polo wrote this account many years after his trip so his recollections may not be completely accurate after years. He may exaggerate certain elements to make a better story.” B. “The many details that Marco Polo uses in his description show that his point of view is based on a long period of living with and interacting with the Mongols.” C. “Marco Polo’s purpose in telling his story was simply to record the events he remembered for other European elites. This probably caused him be as accurate as possible. He may, however, have focused on things that he thought might impress Europeans who read the journal”
- 29. MARCO . . . POLO writes about the Central Asia Nomads • Marco Polo wrote this account many years after his trip so his recollections may not be completely accurate after years. He may exaggerate certain elements to make a better story. • The many details that Marco Polo uses in his description show that his point of view is based on a long period of living with and interacting with the Mongols. • Marco Polo’s purpose in telling his story was simply to record the events he remembered for other European elites. This probably caused him be as accurate as possible. He may, however, have focused on things that he thought might impress Europeans who read the journal.