LECTURE PRESENTATION ON CENTRAL DOGMA FOR GRADE 10
- 2. Objectives: • Identify the processes involved in protein synthesis • Replicate, transcribe, and translate a DNA sequence into a protein
- 6. DNA and RNA Structures
- 7. BASIS OF COMPARISON DNA RNA Location in the cell Number of strands Type of sugar Nitrogenous bases Length of strands Nucleus Cytoplasm 2 1 deoxyribose ribose A, T, C, G A, U, C, G Long strands Short strands
- 9. REPLICATION
- 10. DNA Helicase -breaks the bond between nitrogenous bases to unwind the DNA strand
- 11. DNA Polymerase links free-floating nucleotides to the template DNA to form a new strand
- 12. • Leading Strand – Replicated continuously towards the direction of the unwinding DNA strand • Lagging Strand – Replicated discontinuously towards the opposite direction of the unwinding DNA strand. – Composed of small fragments called Okazaki fragments
- 15. Exonuclease removes the primers and DNA polymerase adds the corresponding nucleotide bases
- 16. DNA ligase seals the fragments of DNA to form two new continuous strands of DNA
- 18. DNA replication ensures that the genetic instructions encoded in DNA can be used continuously through generations to produce the proteins that build and operate the cells of an organism.
- 19. TRANSCRIPTIO N
- 20. TRANSCRIPTION • Transfers the genetic code from a molecule of DNA to RNA • Involves the production of a special kind of RNA known as messenger RNA (mRNA)
- 24. RNA Polymerase Separates two strands of DNA wherein one of the strands serves as a template, or pattern, for the formation of a complementary RNA molecule
- 25. Free-floating individual bases within the cell bind to the bases on the DNA template using complementary base pairing. The individual bases then link together to form a strand of mRNA.
- 26. mRNA carries the genetic information transcribed from DNA and travels from the nucleus to the cytoplasm where it will bind to a ribosome
- 27. TRANSLATION
- 28. TRANSLATION • The process of converting information in mRNA into a sequence of amino acids in a protein.
- 29. Ribosome
- 32. • Codon – Each set of three nitrogenous bases in mRNA representing an amino acid or a start/stop signal • Anticodon – The compliment of the mRNA; triplet code in the tRNA
- 35. • Start codon – AUG= methionine • Stop codon – UAA – UAG – UGA
- 41. Let’s try it! DNA template: CCC CGT GAA AGT ACC TAC Complementary strand: GGG GCA CTT TGA TGG ATG mRNA: CCC CGU GAA AGU ACC UAC
- 42. Amino acid sequence: Pro-Arg-Glu-Thr-Thr-Tyr Message: P R E T T Y
- 43. END