![Heat Transfer: Conduction Hot molecules have more KE than cold molecules High-speed molecules on left collide with low-speed molecules on right teaspoons energy transferred to lower-speed molecules heat transfers from hot to cold I = rate of heat transfer = Q/t [J/s] I = A (T H -T C )/L Q/t = A T/ x = “thermal conductivity” Units: J/s-m-C good thermal conductors…high good thermal insulators … low R = L/(A = thermal resistance: Then I = T/R demos T H Hot T C Cold L = x Area A 13](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lecture26-111229063131-phpapp01/85/Lecture26-4-320.jpg)
Lecture26
- 1. Physics 101: Lecture 26 Conduction, Convection, Radiation Today’s lecture will cover Textbook Chapter 14.4-14.9 Final
- 2. Calendar Mon Dec 6 : HE 3 at 7pm, conflict in 151 Loomis at 5:15pm Wed Dec 1 lecture : Thermodynamics I Mon Dec 6 lecture : Thermodynamics II Wed Dec 8 lecture : no lecture, just review Lab 9 : Today – Friday (last lab) Disc 14 : this week, special quiz. No disc next week. Check your grades in gradebook! Finals: Fri Dec 10 1:30pm Fri Dec 17 1:30pm MUST select final by TOMORROW, Tu Nov 30. Gradebook will soon be LOCKED.
- 3. Review Heat is FLOW of energy Flow of energy may increase temperature Specific Heat = Q / (c m) Latent Heat heat associated with change in phase Today: Heat Conduction Convection Radiation 07
- 4. Heat Transfer: Conduction Hot molecules have more KE than cold molecules High-speed molecules on left collide with low-speed molecules on right teaspoons energy transferred to lower-speed molecules heat transfers from hot to cold I = rate of heat transfer = Q/t [J/s] I = A (T H -T C )/L Q/t = A T/ x = “thermal conductivity” Units: J/s-m-C good thermal conductors…high good thermal insulators … low R = L/(A = thermal resistance: Then I = T/R demos T H Hot T C Cold L = x Area A 13
- 5. Conduction ACT On a cold winter night, which will keep you warmer in bed. A thin cotton sheet A thick wool blanket Either one
- 6. Preflight 1 On a cool night you make your bed with a thin cotton sheet covered by a thick wool blanket. As you lay there all covered up, heat is leaving your body, flowing though the sheet and the blanket and into the air of the room. Compare the amount of heat that flows though the sheet to the amount of heat that flows through the blanket. 1. More heat flows through sheet than through the blanket. 2. More heat flows through blanket than through the sheet. 3. The same amount of heat flows through sheet as the blanket. more heat would be likely to escape through the thin sheet than the thick blanket. . The area between the sheet and the blanket is not getting hotter or colder. The same amount of heat flows. I need to go do some further research to get a real answer, sleep time... 15 I’m in the hospital correct
- 7. Conduction w/ 2 layers ACT Compare the heat flow through material 1 and 2. A) H 1 > H 2 B) H 1 =H 2 C) H 1 < H 2 Estimate T 0 the temperature between the two A) 5 C B) 12.5 C C) 20 C x 1 = 0.02 m A 1 = 35 m 2 k 1 = 0.080 J/s-m-C x 2 = 0.075 m A 2 = 35 m 2 k 2 = 0.030 J/s-m-C 19 Inside: T H = 25C Outside: T C = 0C H 1 H 2 T 0
- 8. Find H=Q/t in J/s Key Point: Continuity (just like fluid flow) H 1 = H 2 1 A(T 0 -T C )/ x 1 = 2 A(T H -T 0 )/ x 2 solve for T 0 = temp. at junction then solve for H 1 or H 2 answers: T 0 =2.27 C H=318 Watts Conduction w/ 2 layers x 1 = 0.02 m A 1 = 35 m 2 k 1 = 0.080 J/s-m-C x 2 = 0.075 m A 1 = 35 m 2 k 1 = 0.030 J/s-m-C 22 Inside: T H = 25C Outside: T C = 0C H 1 H 2 T 0
- 9. Conduction ACT Which marbles will fall last? 1) Copper 2) Steel 3) Aluminum 24
- 10. Heat Transfer Convection Air heats at bottom Thermal expansion…density gets smaller Lower density air rises Archimedes: low density floats on high density Cooler air pushed down Cycle continues with net result of circulation of air Practical aspects heater ducts on floor A/C ducts on ceiling stove heats water from bottom “ riding the thermals” demos 27 heater
- 11. Heat Transfer: Radiation All things radiate electromagnetic energy I emit = Q/t = eA T 4 e = emissivity (between 0 and 1) perfect “black body” has e=1 T is temperature of object in Kelvin = Stefan-Boltzmann constant = 5.67 x 10 -8 J/s-m 2 -K 4 No “medium” required All things absorb energy from surroundings I absorb = eA T 0 4 T is temperature of surroundings in Kelvin good emitters (e close to 1) are also good absorbers DEMO 35 T Surroundings at T 0 Hot stove
- 12. Heat Transfer: Radiation All things radiate and absorb electromagnetic energy I emit = eA T 4 I absorb = eA T 0 4 I net = I emit - I absorb = eA (T 4 - T 0 4 ) if T > T 0 , object cools down if T < T 0 , object heats up HW 38 T Surroundings at T 0 Hot stove
- 13. Earth Homework The Earth has a surface temperature around 270 K and an emissivity of 0.8, while space has a temperature of around 2 K. What is the net power radiated by the earth into free space? (Radii of the Earth and the Sun are R e = 6.38×10 6 m, R s = 7×10 8 m.) I net = I emit - I absorb = eA (T 4 - T 0 4 ) 42
- 14. Preflight One day during the winter, the sun has been shining all day. Toward sunset a light snow begins to fall. It collects without melting on a cement playground, but it melts immediately upon contact on a black asphalt road adjacent to the playground. How do you explain this. Black absorbs heat so the asphalt is hotter 45 The black asphalt contains salt . I want summer! physics I’m in the hospital
- 15. Summary Conduction - contact Convection - fluid motion Radiation 50