Lectures1 2
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This document provides an overview of a 12-week module on interaction and visualization. It includes contact details for the instructor, required and recommended course texts, and outlines the module content which covers topics like the history of computer graphics, hardware and software support, 2D and 3D clipping, and scan conversion. Application areas discussed include CAD, presentations, art, entertainment, education, and data visualization. Related disciplines of image processing and human-computer interaction are also mentioned.
Lectures1 2
- 1. Interaction & Visualisation A 12-week Module Eur Ing Dr Peter Nicholl School of Computing & Mathematical Sciences
- 2. 1/2 - 2 Contact Details • E-mail p.nicholl@ulst.ac.uk • Office 16E08 • Telephone From outside: 028 9036 8910 (Internally: 8910) Mobile: 07967144854 or #6500 • Secretary Miss Sharon Kelly, 16J19
- 3. 1/2 - 3 Course Texts • Required reading – Computer Graphics (2nd edition), D. Hearn & M.P. Baker, pub. Prentice-Hall, 1994/7 (ISBN 0-13-161530-0) • Recommended reading – Introduction to Computer Graphics, Foley, Van Dam, et. al., pub. Addison-Wesley, 1994 – 3D Computer Graphics, A. Watt, pub. Addison-Wesley, 1994
- 4. 1/2 - 4 Module Content • Introduction to Computer Graphics – Historical perspective – Application areas – Graphics standards – Graphics software
- 5. 1/2 - 5 Module Content • Introduction to Computer Graphics • Hardware & Software Support – Raster versus vector graphics – Picture encoding techniques – Display devices and hard copy
- 6. 1/2 - 6 Module Content • Introduction to Computer Graphics • Hardware & Software Support • Clipping in 2 Dimensions – Lines and polygons – Windows and simple transformations – Co-ordinate systems – Reflections, shears and composition
- 7. 1/2 - 7 Module Content • Introduction to Computer Graphics • Hardware & Software Support • Clipping in 2 Dimensions • Scan Conversion – Line drawing algorithms – Circle generating algorithms – Scan conversion of polygons – Aliasing and anti-aliasing methods
- 8. Lectures One & Two Introduction to Computer Graphics & An Historical Perspective
- 9. 1/2 - 9 Application Areas: CAD • Computer-Aided Design – buildings, automobiles, aircraft, textiles, computers, spacecraft, watercraft – allows ‘what if’ investigation – designs can be animated – can be incorporated into virtual reality systems – final appearance - shading, lighting, in-situ – feed into computer-aided manufacture (CAM)
- 10. 1/2 - 10 Application Areas: Presentations • Presentation graphics – illustrations for reports – summarise data – production of 35mm slides and transparencies – project management, e.g. time charts
- 11. 1/2 - 11 Application Areas: Art • Computer Art – paintbrush software – modelling – texture mapping – mathematical art, e.g. fractals – desktop publishing (DTP) – logo design
- 12. 1/2 - 12 Application Areas: Entertainment • Motion pictures / music videos / TV shows – graphics scenes by themselves – graphics objects combined with actors • Morphing – transformation of one person / object into another
- 13. 1/2 - 13 Application Areas: Education • Education and Training – Models of physical, financial and economic systems – Simulators
- 14. 1/2 - 14 Application Areas: Visualisation • Aids analysis of large amounts of data – colour coding, contour plots, surface rendering – examples: airflow over a wing, minimal surface functions • Aids the study of the behaviour of certain processes – example: animation of the growth of a corn ear
- 15. 1/2 - 15 Related Disciplines • Image Processing – the application of techniques to modify or interpret existing pictures – computer graphics is the use of a computer to create a picture – both disciplines are often combined in many applications, e.g. computer-aided surgery
- 16. 1/2 - 16 Related Disciplines • Human-Computer Interaction – graphical interfaces are now very common – WIMP concept • Window manager • Icons to represent processing options • Menus are textual descriptions of options • Pointers, e.g. mouse, are used for selection
- 17. 1/2 - 17 An Historical Perspective • Display of data on plotters and CRTs – first simple pictures generated in 1950 (MIT’s Whirlwind I computer) – slow progress over the 1950s (batch systems) • Interactive computer graphics – Sutherland’s Ph.D. thesis (1962) - Sketchpad • Large research projects (The Golden Age) – General Motors, Lockheed Aircraft, MIT
- 18. 1/2 - 18 An Historical Perspective • Research bears fruit in the 1970s – still a small, specialized field – hardware expensive, software difficult to use • The advent of the Personal Computer (’80s) – built-in raster graphics displays – mass-produced, less expensive • The desktop concept
- 19. 1/2 - 19 Graphics Standards • Aim: application-program portability – isolate the programmer from the real devices – also results in “Programmer portability” • CORE Standard (1977 & 1979) • Graphical Kernel System (1985) - GKS • 3D-GKS (1988) • Programmer’s Hierarchical Interactive Graphics System (1988) - PHIGS