2. Introduction to LED
• LED stands for Light Emitting Diode.
• It is a semiconductor device that emits light
when an electric current passes through it.
• First practical visible-spectrum LED was
developed in the 1960s.
• LEDs are widely used due to their efficiency
and long lifespan.
3. Working Principle
• LED emits light through electroluminescence.
• Electrons recombine with holes in the
semiconductor, releasing energy as photons.
• No filament involved, unlike traditional bulbs.
5. Construction of LED
• Made from materials like Gallium Arsenide
(GaAs) or Gallium Phosphide (GaP).
• Layers:
• - P-type semiconductor
• - N-type semiconductor
• - Junction region
• Covered by epoxy lens to protect the chip and
shape light output.
6. Advantages of LED
• - High energy efficiency
• - Long lifespan
• - Environmentally friendly
• - Instant lighting
• - Durable and shock-resistant
7. Disadvantages of LED
• - Higher initial cost
• - Performance drops at high temperatures
• - Directional light
• - Sensitive to voltage variations
8. Applications of LED
• - Home lighting
• - TV and mobile screens
• - Traffic lights and streetlights
• - Automobile headlights
• - Medical devices and display boards
9. Comparison with Traditional
Lighting
• LED vs CFL vs Incandescent:
• Energy Use: Very Low vs Moderate vs High
• Lifespan: 25,000+ hrs vs 8,000 hrs vs 1,000 hrs
• Heat Emission: Very Low vs Moderate vs High
• Cost: High vs Moderate vs Low
10. Future of LED Technology
• - Smart LEDs with IoT integration
• - Color-tunable lighting
• - Flexible and transparent LEDs
• - Further improvements in efficiency and cost
11. Conclusion
• LEDs are revolutionary lighting technology.
• They offer numerous benefits over traditional
lighting.
• Their evolving applications will shape future
technologies.
• Investing in LEDs supports sustainability and
innovation.
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