Leisure, social networking and mass media - the evolving confluence
- 1. Leisure, Social Networking and Mass Media: The Evolving Confluence Summary by Parul Singh (MBA II) -Dr. Satya
- 2. Understanding Leisure The meaning of the term leisure is as versatile as the activities that are undertaken during leisure. Leisure comprises of social, recreation and entertainment activities. Anne & French (2001) specified that freedom of choice, and enjoyability are critical to an ‘Activity’ to be considered as leisure. Tinsley et al (1993) pointed out that four characteristics are necessary for a leisure experience to occur, and they are that the activity should be (1)Chosen freely, (2)It should be intrinsically satisfying, (3)The activity must be optimally arousing, (4)The activity requires a sense of commitment. Hanks and Kalfs (2000) opinionated that leisure time is all the time a person does not devote to ensuring their future welfare in a broad sense.
- 4. Social Networking Emerging As A Popular Leisure Activity There is overwhelming evidence that the Internet is becoming an integral part of the leisure habits amongst all demographics around the world. The profile of leisure activity is changing completely in the modern context, with the advent of Information Communication Technology (ICT). A study by Mokhtarian, Salomon & Handy (2004) identified that information communication technology affects leisure activities and travel in four different ways- (1) The replacement of traditional activity with an ICT counterpart. (2) The generation of new ICT activities. (3) ICT enabled reallocation of time to toher activities. (4) ICT as a facilitator of leisure activities.
- 5. Bonnie, Miller Rubin, McClatchy (2010) recorded a trend among the kids of present days. The study revealed that kids are spending more time using their phone to play video games, watch TV and listen to music than actually using them to communicate with others. It was found that African Americans and Hispanics watched YouTube for nearly six hours a day as compared with their white counterparts, who watched YouTube for nearly 3.5 hours a day. It is reiterating that across age groups, ICT is getting stronger, replacing physical space with virtual space. A study by Choi Sook Hee (2009) studied leisure activities of salaried employees. The study revealed that Korean employees spend their leisure time on 8 passive activities at home and 10 activities, which are out of home. Passive leisure activities include 1) Watching TV, DVDs, Home videos. 2) Reading books. 3) Playing cards or board games. 4) Listening to music. 5) Handicraft. 6) The internet/computer. 7) Napping and 8) Having a conversation with family and friends over the phone. Active leisure activities include 1) Going to movies. 2) Shopping. 3) Participating in cultural events(concerts, performances and exhibitions). 4) Spending time with relatives 5) Meeting friends. 6) Working out(playing sports, muscular exercises, walking). 7) Watching sport games. 8) Drinking. 9) Singing at karaoke facilities and 10) Visiting saunas, hot springs or public baths. 88% Korean employees watch TV, 74% use the internet/computer almost everyday, and 52% of the non-working people use the internet/computer everyday.
- 7. It is clearly observed that leisure is becoming more individualistic in nature with the progression in time. Leisure habits have an immense influence on identity development of individuals. Because free time and leisure activities consume a considerable amount of adolescents”s daily time. It is very interesting to note that leisure habits of a person person developed in high school continue even when a person turns 50, and there is not much of change in the leisure habits with the progression of time and age.
- 8. Social Networking: An Emerging Mass Media Platform SNS is becoming one of the most focussed mass communication tools. It seems that no other mass communication media can address a narrowly focussed segment as effectively as the social-networking sites, with next to no cost involved in the creation, dissemination and consumption of data.
- 9. Narayana Madhavan (2008) points out that networking sites, which usually associates youngsters congregating online for fun and friendship, took to a social cause when a networking group was launched to rally relief for victims in remote Bihar. A quickly formed network was used where 11 volunteers, in matter of hours, raised awareness and coordinated to approach Red Cross to form a Bihar flood relief group site. It had the reach of mass media, plus the personal touch since all the members were connected initially through personal friendship. Going by the several studies. Social networking is going to exponentially increase in its reach, making it the most popular, focused, cost effective, participative and result oriented media ever. Top 3 social networking platforms are Facebook with 350,000,000 members, followed by MySpace with 130,000,000 members and Bebo in the third place with 40,000,000 members. No newspaper readership or television viewership can sustain this mass reach year after year.
- 10. In a survey conducted by Nelsen in 2009, the five largest sectors under online are Search, General Interest Portals and Communities, Software Manufacturing, Member Community and E-mail.
- 11. Sustainable Development Through Social Networking Terri Willlard (2009) has done an in-depth study on sustaining development through social networking sites. The study reiterates that social networks operate under an autonomous business model, in which the social network members serve dual roles as both the suppliers and the consumers of content. The study titled ‘Social Networking and Governance for Sustainable Development’ aimed at seeing how social networking is used by people in sustaining development and to explore if social networking changes the way decisions are made about sustainability, and to investigate the opportunities to strengthen the ability to online social networkers to improve governance processes for sustainable development.
- 12. 19,000 members of Facebook are “Go Green” group and 21,000 members of Orkut are “Save The Environment” community. The most popular sustainable development themed applications in Facebook have been (Lil)Green Patch and (Lil)Blue Cover with 7.9 million monthly active users. Through these applications, users send free virtual gifts to populate friend’s gardens and coves. For every 10 gifts, the user sends image of flowers, birds, characters- the corporate sponsors donate funds to protect rainforests. Only through this initiative, 96 million square feet have been saved so far through nature conservancy. Business oriented Sns like LinkedIn, an interconnected network of experienced professionals from around the world, represents 170 industries and 20 countries, Sustainable development professionals have established a number of groups like Green-28,800 members energy and utilities network- 13,200 and sustainability professionals-6000 members.
- 13. CONCLUSION Leisure habits are changing with the change in time and improvement in technology, with the advent of social networking through the World Wide Web, the earlier typologies of leisure activity is undergoing a rapid change. The social networking sites are an active supplement to the traditional mass media platform. Social networking is not only cost effective, but is also changing the way news is created. Apart from being extremely cost effective, social networking is growing rapidly, surpassing the conventional growth of traditional mass media. Because the networking groups are focussed and share common causes, the depth and follow-up in this media prove effective. Results are the decisive factor in a SNS, whereas reporting is the main forte of any mass media. SNS is emerging as a mass media to reckon with. Through a case compiled by Terri Willard (2009), it is evident that Sustainable Development is a process that can be put in place by people in the SNS. In short, the revolution of the yesterdays, which was propagated through public speaking, and personal charisma, can be done through SNS and its members in the virtual space.