Leonardo vet prog - policies unit - session 2
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This document discusses the definition of gangs and the national policy framework around gangs in the UK. It provides several definitions of gangs from legal and academic sources, noting they often involve criminal activity, claiming territory, and being in conflict with other gangs. The national policy framework was informed by events like the deaths of Charlene and Letitia Shakespeare in 2003 and Rhys Jones in 2007, as well as the 2011 Birmingham Riots and death of Lee Rigby in 2013. The document explores what constitutes national policy and how social policies aim to improve welfare but also examines what happens when policies are implemented in practice.
Leonardo vet prog - policies unit - session 2
- 1. Working Locally with Gangs Within the National Policy Framework Unit 1 Session 2 (LOs 1. 3 and 5 inc Assess Criteria 1.1,1.2,1.3,3.1, 3.2 and 5.1)
- 2. Gangs? The issue of street gangs is not a new phenomenon. The term ‘gangs’ is complex, and academics and practitioners alike have failed to reach a consensus on the definition. How would you define it?
- 3. Policing and Crime Act (2009) The Policing and Crime Act (PCA) 2009, was one of the first pieces of legislation that attempted to define a ‘gang’ and capture it as a legal format. According to the Act, a gang is legally defined as: “a) Consists of at least three people; b) Uses a name emblem or colour or has any other characteristic that enables its members to be identified by others as a group; and c) Is associated with a particular”. (PCA, 2009: 13)
- 4. Defining a ‘Gang’ “ A relatively durable, predominantly street based group of young people who (1) see themselves (and are seen by others) as a discernible group (2) engage in a range of criminal activity and violence (3) lay claim over territory (4) have some form of identifying structural feature and (5) are in conflict with other, similar, gangs” (CJS, 2009:13)
- 5. Defining a ‘Gang’ For the purpose of this course a gang is: “A group of individuals, often from similarly marginalised experiences, who identify themselves by the name as a group; and that primarily sustains themselves through criminal activity”. (Klein et al, 2006:6)
- 6. From the BRAP Report, (August 2012, p. 10) STUCK: Current Approaches to the Design and Delivery of Interventions to Address Gang-Related Violence in Birmingham- A Research Report, BRAP, Birmingham Gangs and gang activity… • Can be group-based • May have permanent recurring features (such as presence in a location) • May have identifiable leadership and some form of internal organisation or may regularly change in shape, form and membership • May involve claim over territory • May involve a business activity (e.g. drug dealing) • May involve the pursuit of violence as a legitimate form of group activity • May involve other forms of anti-social or criminal behaviour • May involve young people and more mature adults • Involves both men and women (although public perception of gangs tends to focus on the role of men)”
- 7. The National Policy Framework
- 8. What is ‘policy’? “Social policies aim to improve human welfare…” And “…policies are living things…Therefore, social policies are what happens ‘on the ground’ when they are implemented, as well as what happens at preliminary decision-making or legislative stage”. (Blakemore and Griggs (2007) (3rd ed) Social Policy: An Introduction, Berkshire OUP, p. 1)
- 9. What is national policy? National policy can be understood as: “A broad course of action or statements of guidance adopted by the government at the national level in pursuit of national objectives”. (Runnymede Trust, 2011:14)
- 10. The National Policy Framework was Framed by 4 Main Events
- 12. Death of Charlene & Letitia Shakespeare 2003 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbdPZJj3ljA
- 13. Death of Rhys Jones 2007 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MFmjnWjlk T8 Discussion (next 2 triggers may be played in the next session if there’s no time today)
- 15. Death of Lee Rigby 2013 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L8ztjOqItKY