Lesson 2 intellectual revolutions that defined society
- 1. Intellectual Revolutions that Defined Society Donna Ruth P. Talo, MS Math
- 2. Lesson Objectives At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to: • Analyze how scientific revolution is done in various parts of the world like in Latin America, East Asia, Middle East, and Africa.
- 3. Cradles of Early Science Development of science in Mesoamerica Development of Science in Asia. Development of Science in Middle East Development of Science in Africa.
- 4. Development of Science in Mesoamerica
- 5. Development of Science in Mesoamerica • It includes the entire area of Central America from Southern Mexico up to the border of South America. • Maya civilization lasted for approx. 2000 years. • They incorporated their advanced understanding of astronomy into their temples and other religious structures
- 6. Example The “El Castillo pyramid at Chichen Itza” is situated at the location of the sun during the spring and fall equinoxes.
- 7. Development of Science in Mesoamerica • Mayan knowledge and understanding about celestial bodies was advanced for their times. – Predicting eclipses – Using astrological cycles in planting and harvesting.
- 8. The Mayan Calendar System • Mayan is known for measuring time using two complicated calendar systems. • It is useful for their life especially in planning activities and observing religious rituals and cultural celebration. • See video in the link: • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qhWItvjk9Yg
- 9. The Mayan Calendar System The tzolk'in calendar combines twenty day names with the thirteen day numbers to produce 260 unique days. It is used to determine the time of religious and ceremonial events and for divination. Each successive day is numbered from 1 up to 13 and then starting again at 1. Separately from this, every day is given a name in sequence from a list of 20 day names:
- 10. The Mayan Calendar System
- 11. The Mayan Calendar System The Haab' was made up of eighteen months of twenty days each plus a period of five days at the end of the year known as Wayeb' .
- 12. The Mayan Calendar System
- 13. • Mayans also developed technology for growing different crops and building elaborate cities using ordinary machineries and tools. • Mayan built looms for weaving cloth. • Devised rainbow of glittery paints made from mineral called MICA. Development of Science in Mesoamerica: Mayan Civilization
- 15. • Mayan Heiroglyphics – writing system of Mayan. • Mayan are considered one of most scientifically advanced societies in mesoamerica. • They are skilled in mathematics. • Created number system based on the numeral 20. • Developed the concept of zero and positional value eve before Roman did. Development of Science in Mesoamerica: Mayan Civilization
- 16. INCA CIVILIZATION • Famous in mesoamerica. – Roads paved with stones. – Stone building that surmounted earthquakes and other disasters. – Irrigation system and technique for storing water for their crops to grow in all types of land.
- 17. • Calendar with 12 months to mark their religious festivals and prepare them for planting season. • The first suspension bridge. • Quipu, a system of knotted ropes to keep records that only experts can interpret. • Inca textiles since cloth was one of the specially prized artistic achievements INCA CIVILIZATION
- 18. Aztec Civilization • Mandatory Education • Chocolates • Antispasmodic medication • Chinampa • Aztec calendar • Invention of canoe
- 19. Development of Science in ASIA • The biggest continent in the world. • Considered as the home of many ancient civilization • The host of many cultural. Economic, scientific, and political activities of all ages.
- 20. Development of Science in ASIA: INDIA • A huge peninsula surrounded by vast bodies of water and fortified by huge mountains in its northern boarders. • Known for manufacturing of iron and in metallurgical works.
- 21. Development of Science in ASIA: INDIA • Famous in medicine e.g. AYURVEDA. • AYURVEDA – a system of traditional medicine that originated in ancient India before 2500 BC. • Susruta Samhita
- 22. Development of Science in ASIA: INDIA • Spherical self-supporting earth • Year of 360 days with 12 equal parts of 30 days each. • Siddhanta Shiromani – the interest in astronomy was evident in this book.
- 23. Development of Science in ASIA: INDIA • Indus Valley Civilization – The people in this civilization tried to standardize measurement of length to a high degree of accuracy and a designed ruler. (Mohenjodaro Ruler) • Aryabhatiya – Introduced a number of trigonometric functions, tables, and techniques as well as algorithms of algebra.
- 24. Development of Science in ASIA: INDIA
- 25. Development of Science in ASIA: INDIA
- 26. Development of Science in ASIA: CHINA • Traditional Medicine – acupuncture • Compass, papermaking, gunpowder, printing tools. • Astronomy – heavenly bodies, Lunar calendars
- 27. Development of Science in ASIA: CHINA
- 28. Development of Science in the MIDDLE EAST
- 29. Development of Science in the MIDDLE EAST • Dominantly occupied by Muslims • Greater value on science experiments. • Hasan Ibn al-Haytham – An Arab Mathematician , astronomer, and physicist of the Islamic Golden age. – Father of Optics.
- 30. Development of Science in the MIDDLE EAST
- 31. Development of Science in Africa
- 32. Development of Science in Africa •
Editor's Notes
- #9: The Mayans are also known for measuring time using two complicated calendar system.