Lesson 2 power and accountability
- 1. POWER and ACCOUNTABILITY MR. KENNY L. AUXILIO
- 2. The Nature and Dimensions of Power •It is generally defined as the ability of a person to carry out his or her will. •In politics, it refers to the ability to exercise control or impose restrictions over individuals, as well as compel other people to do certain tasks. •It is closely tied to the concept of authority, which is the right to exercise power in society. P O W E R
- 3. FORMS OF POWER (French & Raven) Social psychologists John French and Bertram Raven view power as based on the perception and understanding of the various participants in society. Each member of a group or society recognizes that certain individuals in their group posses a degree of power based on the nature of their relationships with other member of the group.
- 4. COERCIVE POWER •Coercive power is based on a person’s ability to compel other people through threats, punishments, and force.
- 5. REWARD POWER •Reward power is based on the ability to give rewards and benefits. •It is the power of the manager to give some type of reward to an employee as a means to influence the employee to act. Rewards could be tangible and intangible.
- 6. EXPERT POWER •Relies on the knowledge and skills of an individual. •It is a power based upon employees perception that a manager or some other member of an organization has a high level of knowledge or a specialized set of skills that other employees or members of the organization do not posses. EXPERT POWER
- 7. LEGITIMATE POWER •It is based on a person’s position, role, and duties in a group. •It refers to the ability to influence others because of the position one holds in the organizations.
- 8. REFERENT POWER •It is a power based on an individual’s personality and ability to attract followers. •Influence based on possession by an individual of desirable resources or personal traits.
- 9. CLASSIFICATION OF POWER (Max Weber) •Charismatic authority •Traditional authority •Legal-rational authority
- 10. CHARISMATIC AUTHORITY • s It is based on the personal qualities of the individual who wields power. The person’s authority is recognized based on his or her traits and how he or she is perceived by other people in society.
- 11. TRADITIONAL AUTHORITY •It is rooted in traditional values and existing social ties and institutions.
- 12. LEGAL-RATIONAL AUTHORITY •It is based on a system of laws and regulations, and an established bureaucracy. A person is able to exercise because he or she has been empowered by law. Power, in this context, depends on an individual’s position in the social hierarchy, and the roles and responsibilities that come with this position.
- 13. Power, Legitimacy and the Government • In politics, the concept of power is closely related to the state, government, governance, and citizenship. • Political power is understood to refer to sovereignty which is the power of the government to perform its function and conduct affairs without interference from outside forces. • Sovereignty also refers to the authority to exercise control over a group or society.
- 14. •Sovereignty resides in the individuals that compose society. This became the basis for the democratic ideal of a government “of the people, by the people, and for the people”. •Participation in a direct democracy, election, initiatives, plebiscite, referendum and organization of advocacy group.
- 15. LEGITIMACY •Authority within a political context is closely tied to concept of legitimacy, which is the acceptance or recognition of the right to exercise power. •Legitimacy is generally based on existing laws, customs, and traditions that are prevalent to a certain society.
- 16. GOVERNMENT •Whatever the form of government that is implemented in a state, democracy assumes that the elected representatives in the government and the appointed officials borrow power from the sovereign people.
- 17. POWER and GOVERNANCE •POLICE POWER •EMINENT DOMAIN •POWER OF TAXATION •MILITARY POWER •ECONOMIC POWER •PSYCHOLOGICAL POWER
- 18. POLICE POWER It refers to the ability of the state to use the police force to ensure law and order in society.
- 19. EMINENT DOMAIN It is the power of the government to acquire private property for public use.
- 20. POWER OF TAXATION It allows the government to impose and collect taxes from its citizens.
- 21. MILITARY POWER •It refers to the capability of a state to stage war against another state, and is evident in resources such as military troops and weapons.
- 22. ECONOMIC POWER •It refers to the use of economic resources and finances, and the ability of states to influence other nations by denying or giving them access to certain resources.
- 23. PSYCHOLOGICAL POWER •It refers to the ability of a state to use its image or reputation in influencing other countries. This power requires the wise use of diplomacy, propaganda, and mass media to successfully achieve the goals of the state.
- 24. POWER and CITIZENSHIP • Power and citizenship are two intertwined concept within the context of a democratic society. As sovereignty resides in people that compose the states, the government provides the people with the means to exercise power. •The Bill of Rights (Article III of the 1987 Philippine Constitution) • It enumerates the various political, social, and economic rights that citizens enjoy. These rights, in turn, come with a set of responsibility which citizens must fulfill in order to exercise power and participate fully within democracy.