Lesson 21 particles ppt
- 1. Lesson 21 Particles My study notes.
- 2. Ni particles • Ni particles are pretty straight forward when it comes to verbs. It is an particle that signifies action that takes place ‘in’ something, ‘to’ something, ‘at’ something or ‘place’ of something. に びっくりする ni bikkuri suru: to be surprised Before the ‘ni’ particle is the item that the surprise came from. In English it can be thought of as being ‘surprised at something’ (person) に れんらくする (person) ni renraku suru: to contact The person in which is being contacted is followed by the ‘ni’ particle. Think of it as ‘the intention of reaching someone’ directed ‘to’ a person. 〜に／を さわる ni/ o sawaru: to touch This verb has two particles depending on how it is used. ‘o’ particle is used when person(A) touches something or someone. The ‘ni’ particle is used when person(A) is being touched by something. The use of the ‘ni’ particle is related to the ‘passive’ grammar point covered in the Genki 2 textbook.
- 3. (place) に (object) を はる (place) ni (object) o haru: to post; to stick (place) ‘ni’ particle, as in the place where the action is done, (object) ‘o’ particle because of the noun, then ‘haru’, to stick. を ふむ o fumu: to step on ‘object being stood on’ (noun) and ‘o fumu’ (place) に (object) を おく (place) ni (object) o oku To put; (place) ‘ni’ as in destination, (object) ‘o’ particle which comes after the noun and ‘oku’ meaning ‘put’. に きがつく ni kiga tsuku: to notice ‘ni’ is the direction or focus of what is being noticed. So, ‘ni’ will be preceded by what is being noticed by a person.
- 4. ‘o’ and ‘ga’ particles • These two types of particles are what I find most confusing to differentiate, mostly because as you learn more grammer structures these two particles become exchangeable. • The following ‘o’ particles and verbs all go after nouns. So I will identify the nouns that are used: を やる o yaru: to give (to pets, plant, younger siblings) The noun is the item that will be given (to pets, plant, younger siblings) and then followed by ‘o yaru’ を いじめる o ijimeru: to bully The name of the person who is being bullied, then ‘o ijimeru’. を ためる o tameru: to save money The noun that preceedes the ‘o’ particle will 70% of time be the word ‘okane’ meaning money. ‘Tameru’ literally means to save. So, ‘okane o tameru’ is a good phrase to remember it as.
- 5. を つつける o tsu tsu keru: to continue The item that will be continued is the noun. Eg. Reading a book. In japanese for this verb it is not the action of ‘reading’ that is being focused on but the action of ‘continuing’. を ほめる o homeru: to praise The object that the praise is directed to is the noun. を まちがえる o machigaeru: to make a mistake The item that is being mistaken is the noun. を みつける o mitsukeru: to find The object that is being looked for is the noun. を ばか に する o bakani suru: to insult The person that the insult is being directed to is the noun. を ける o keru: to kick The object that is being kicked is the noun. を さる o saru: to bite The object that is being bitten is the noun.
- 6. を つつむ o tsu tsu mu: to wrap; cover The object that is being wrapped is the noun. を なぐる o naguru: to strike; to hit; to punch The object that is being punch is the noun. を ぬすむ o nusumu: to steal; rob The object that is stolen/robbed is the noun. を ふる o furu: to turn down; to jilt The object that is turned down/ jilted is the noun. を やく o yaku: to burn; bake; grill The item that is to be baked/ burned/ grilled is the noun. This verb ‘yaku’ has many uses in itself unlike English which uses separate words like bake, burn, and grill.
- 7. を つつむ o tsu tsu mu: to wrap; cover The object that is being wrapped is the noun. を なぐる o naguru: to strike; to hit; to punch The object that is being punch is the noun. を ぬすむ o nusumu: to steal; rob The object that is stolen/robbed is the noun. を ふる o furu: to turn down; to jilt The object that is turned down/ jilted is the noun. を やく o yaku: to burn; bake; grill The item that is to be baked/ burned/ grilled is the noun. This verb ‘yaku’ has many uses in itself unlike English which uses separate words like bake, burn, and grill.